Bad Berneck in the Fichtel Mountains

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Bad Berneck i.Fichtelgebirge
Bad Berneck in the Fichtel Mountains
Map of Germany, position of the city of Bad Berneck i.Fichtelgebirge highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 3 ′  N , 11 ° 40 ′  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Franconia
County : Bayreuth
Height : 393 m above sea level NHN
Area : 38.26 km 2
Residents: 4336 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 113 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 95460
Area code : 09273
License plate : BT, EBS , ESB , KEM , MÜB , PEG
Community key : 09 4 72 116
City structure: 38 districts

City administration address : 		Bahnhofstrasse 77
95460 Bad Berneck i.Fichtelgebirge
Website : bad-berneck.com
First Mayor : Jürgen Zinnert ( SPD )
Location of the city of Bad Berneck i.Fichtelgebirge in the Bayreuth district
Landkreis Nürnberger Land Bayreuth Bayreuth Landkreis Hof Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Lichtenfels Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Forchheim Landkreis Tirschenreuth Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Prüll Warmensteinacher Forst-Nord Waidacher Forst Waidacher Forst Veldensteiner Forst Neubauer Forst-Nord Waischenfeld Bayreuth Heinersreuther Forst Glashüttener Forst Forst Neustädtlein am Forst Gemeindefreies Gebiet Fichtelberg Emtmannsberg Haag Seybothenreuth Creußen Warmensteinach Weidenberg Schnabelwaid Prebitz Plech Mistelgau Mistelbach (Oberfranken) Hummeltal Heinersreuth Goldkronach Glashütten (Oberfranken) Gesees Gefrees Eckersdorf Bischofsgrün Bischofsgrün Bindlach Betzenstein Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge Speichersdorf Kirchenpingarten Waischenfeld Plankenfels Pegnitz (Stadt) Mehlmeisel Hollfeld Fichtelberg (Oberfranken) Aufseß Ahorntal Bischofsgrüner Forst Pottenstein (Oberfranken)map
About this picture

Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge ( listen ? / I ) (officially: Bad Berneck i.Fichtelgebirge ) is a city in the north of the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth . Bad Berneck is since 1857 the spa town , first whey - and health resort since 1930 Kneippkurort and since 1950 Kneipp MOORISH Spa . Audio file / audio sample

Market square with castle tower of the old castle
View from the castle tower over the city with the Holy Trinity Church

geography

Geographical location

The city is located on the western edge of the Fichtelgebirge , surrounded by seven wooded mountains that protect it from harsh north and east winds, in the valley of the Ölschnitz , which flows into the White Main below the old town , at the transition to the sweeping Kronach valley and the gently rolling Bayreuth hill country. The Mainberg at 624 m above sea level. NN and the Wolfenberg at 598 m above sea level. NN are the highest elevations in the municipality.

geology

The community lies on the junction of two fracture zones , the Franconian Line and the Bernecker Fault. Here, four very different geological formations meet: the Franconian plain with sediments from the Triassic , metamorphic rocks from the Münchberg mass , volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the Devonian mountains of the Berneck-Regnitzlosauer Mulde and the rocks of the Fichtelgebirge from the Ordovician .

The pending pillow basalts , also called diabase , are considered to be the most powerful volcanic layer from the Devonian in Germany. In the area of ​​the Münchberger Masse there is an inverse, five-fold ceiling stack with metamorphic rocks about three kilometers away, which were between 3 and 60 kilometers below the surface of the earth when they formed.

The community is shaped by the valley valleys of the upper White Main and its tributaries. Due to the varied geology , gold, silver, copper, lead, iron and alum slate were extracted in up to 40 smaller mines until the middle of the 19th century. The mine Constant Happiness was probably the longest continuously in operation with over 350 years in the Fichtelgebirge. Today, crushed stone and other technical stones are extracted from diabase and phyllite in two large quarries .

Geotopes

  • Street section Königsstuhl in Bad Berneck (geotope number 472A001)
  • Sawmill profile Hohenknoden (Geotope number 472A002)
  • Former Hohenknoden-Entenhügel quarry (geotope number 472A005)
  • Felsenkeller Bad Berneck (geotope number 472A018)

climate

Bad Berneck is in the transition from the low mountain range to the continental type of climatic zones . The protected location of the city mitigates climate extremes.


Climate table
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 2 4th 9 14th 19th 22nd 24 23 20th 13 8th 3 O 13.5
Min. Temperature (° C) −4 −3 0 3 7th 12 11 12 9 5 1 −2 O 4.3
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2 3 4th 6th 7th 7th 8th 7th 6th 4th 1 1 O 4.7
Rainy days ( d ) 10 9 9 10 11 11 10 9 8th 7th 10 10 Σ 114
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
2
−4
4th
−3
9
0
14th
3
19th
7th
22nd
12
24
11
23
12
20th
9
13
5
8th
1
3
−2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		{{{nbjan}}}
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  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Klima.org

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities (clockwise) are the city of Gefrees , the city of Goldkronach , Bindlach , Harsdorf , Himmelkron and Marktschorgast . The independent city of Bayreuth is about 13 km from Bad Berneck.

City structure

The city of Bad Berneck has 38 districts :

Binning , Blumenau , Gertrudslust and Ziegelhütte are also located in the urban area .

The Weißmainkraftwerk is a 5300 square meter exclave of the former municipality of Escherlich, district Hinterröhrenhof, surrounded by the non -municipality Goldkronacher Forst , with street address Weißmainkraftwerk 1 . The exclave status no longer applies from January 1, 2019, when the community-free area is dissolved and the western part is incorporated into the city of Bad Berneck. The enclave is the district Goldkronacher forest within the city, not part of the district Esch Erlich .

history

prehistory

The prehistory is hardly documented in the area of ​​the city. Only in Neudorf / Nenntmannsreuth a decorated early- was latènezeitlicher belt hook found, located in the Berlin Museum of Prehistory and Early History is located.

middle Ages

The oldest city view from 1767 with the old castle, the Hohenberneck and the Marienkapelle
Palas of the Hohenberneck castle ruins
Marienkapelle, below the old route of the via imperii

The origin, the settlement and the high density of castles of Bad Berneck are understandable due to its strategic location. Bad Berneck was already in a border position in several senses: Politically on the Gaug border between Radenz and Nordgau , ecclesiastically on the diocese border between Regensburg and Würzburg , after the founding of the Bamberg diocese in 1007 on its border. Located on the Franconian Line , which separates the Obermainische Bruchschollenland , which is favorable for settlement, from the High Fichtelgebirge , the local area was for a long time the border of the Franconian settlement area . But Berneck was also due to the important imperial and trade route via imperii , which probably already existed in Carolingian times and connected Rome with the Baltic Sea . The founding of today's districts of Gothendorf and Micheldorf with the ending -dorf is likely to be before the year 1000 . The districts of Bärnreuth, Gesees and Binning have been assigned the Würzburg old tenth and can therefore also be dated before 1000. The latter town was at the confluence of the Ölschnitz and the White Main . It can be assumed that the section fortification on the Hohe Warte secured the trade route via imperii.

The first rulers are the Walpots , who probably built the tower castle Alt-Berneck at the beginning of the 11th century . A settlement belonged to this castle, which is recognizable by the Alt-Berneck corridor (located at the height above the tower castle against Bärnreuth). In the middle of the 12th century, the castle and settlement were relocated from their original location near Bärnreuth to the confluence of the Ölschnitz and the Knodenbach, the current location of Bad Berneck. The Hohenberneck castle ruins, which were built in the late Middle Ages, now stand on the site of this castle above the village . Ulrich II. Walpoto named himself after the previous building called Walpotenburg in 1168, this is also the first mention of Berneck. The second mention was made in 1177, when Ulrich had to take the castle that he had illegally built on church property as a fief from Bishop Otto II, an Andechs-Meranier . The attachment to the Zottasche is also dated to this period.

1203 named himself Ulrich III. the last Walpote to Berneck. Since in 1248 there was another castle (the old castle ) and the place was part of the inheritance of the Andechs-Meranians, the transfer of ownership from the Walpoten to the Andechs-Meranians as well as the building of castles must have taken place between these years. After long disputes over inheritance, which were only ended by the Langenstadt Treaty in 1260, Berneck - place and castle - was owned by the Counts of Orlamünde . The old Walpotenburg had already gone by that time.

The burgraves of Nuremberg , the later margraves , acquired the town and castle through inheritance and purchase in 1340 and 1341 . Berneck experienced a further boom among these. The first evidence of the granting of city rights comes from November 18, 1357, the city elevation took place between 1350 and 1357. The foundation of the parish of Berneck in 1365 can also be seen in connection with this. The current districts of Bärnreuth, Micheldorf, Hohenknoden, Rimlas and Heinersreuth were moved to this pastoral position. A church building took the place of the Nikolauskapelle. In 1375 Berneck burned down almost completely, in 1431 it suffered from the Hussite invasions by Prokop Rasa and in 1462 and 1467 from the plague years .

The von Wallenrode were able to build up a small rule under the margraves . In 1397 you can be proven as bailiffs in the old castle . In 1478, Veit von Wallenrode was enfeoffed with the castle stable of the Walpotenburg on the condition that a new castle be built there. This castle, called Neuwallenrode , was sold to the margraves in 1501, who renamed it Hohenberneck and, since 1553, enfeoffed von Wallenrode with this castle. At the same time as the castle, Veit von Wallenrode also built the defensive Marienkapelle, from which, in accordance with a vow made in Jerusalem at that time, a Way of the Cross led to the valley of the White Main. In the same year, iron ore mining began in the Eisenleite. In 1495 the city had 204 inhabitants in 76 households. The Reformation was introduced in 1528.

Modern times

In the middle of the Thirty Years War , the place burned down again in 1632. The same thing happened on May 13, 1692, only five houses and a mill were spared.

In 1724 15 gypsy women were hanged and buried under the gypsy oak. The men had fled. The survivors were chased across the border. The Gypsy Bridge in Blumenau is a reminder of this incident.

Margrave Georg Friedrich Carl had pearl mussels inserted in the oil carving in 1732, probably to improve the state finances. In 1751 the city was fortunate to acquire its most valuable property, the seven mountains.

New colonnade in the spa gardens, early 20th century
Emergency money from 1921: Voucher for 10 pfennigs

In the wars from 1796 to 1815, the small town had to make contributions and endure billeting several times . In 1806 Blücher stayed in Berneck. In his honor, a festival was held in the Bergmanns Glück iron mine and this site was named Blüchersruhe. The former office of the Prussian Principality of Bayreuth , which had been Prussian since 1792, was in the Franconian Empire from 1500 . It fell to France in the Peace of Tilsit in 1807 and became part of Bavaria in 1810. The first health spa ( whey cure ) appeared around 1830 . The former factory owner Wilhelm Rother, one of the city's first guests and benefactors, was responsible for the construction of the New Colonnade (1899) and Berneck's rise to become an important health resort.

In Bavaria, the place was initially the seat of a regional court, later a district office . The area of ​​the district office was incorporated into the neighboring district offices of Bayreuth, Kulmbach and Münchberg . The majority of the official area fell to the Bayreuth District Office. On December 28, 1896, the Neuenmarkt – Berneck line was opened. On the Pentecost holidays in 1986, a multiple unit train with several passenger cars ran the route for the last time.

The volcanic rock diabase has been mined on Mount Zottasche and on Schafberg since 1928 . Every year around 85,000 tons leave the quarry, mainly for road, railroad and garden construction. On October 1, 1929, the Berneck District Office was dissolved. In the 1930s, during the Bayreuth Festival, Adolf Hitler stayed several times in the then sophisticated Hotel Bube.

present

As a result of state centralization measures, the city lost several public institutions: in 1961 the state police station, the district and district hospital and in 1969 the last authority of the former Berneck district, the district court, were dissolved.

The city became a sub-center in 1973. In October 1990, the Bayreuth district's first recycling center was opened in Bad Berneck. On Easter Sunday 1991, after months of restoration and renovation work, the church on the Kirchenring, a gem of the old town, was consecrated again. One of the largest biotopes in Upper Franconia is being created in the Blumenau from the Zigeunerbrücke westwards. A cycling and hiking trail has been set up on the former railway line from Röhrenhof to Bischofsgrün. In August 1998, after the old station building was demolished, the new B 303 through-town was opened and in September 2001 the Sebastian Kneipp elementary school, which had been completely renovated with 7.3 million marks. In February 2007, a citizens' initiative to curb the volume of traffic in the heavy haulage area, especially on the B 303, was founded. In April 2008, the Rotherstrasse backdrop was used as the location for the Rosenmüller film adaptation of The Mother of Pearl . In the Nordic Parc Fichtelgebirge network, a total of seven Nordic walking routes were designed and signposted in the Bad Berneck area; Over 150 direction signs show the way.

Kneipp cures have been carried out since 1930; Recognition as a bath came on November 30, 1950. This was followed by a heyday as a fashionable health resort, guests for Kneipp and whey cures came from as far as the Arab countries. As a result of the various health reforms and a change in travel habits, operations steadily declined from the end of the 1980s, with the closure of the Siemens Kurheim in 2004 there was finally no longer any facility for inpatient cures, but the city administration with the Kurmittelhaus and the local landlords were the first Concepts implemented to make the city an attractive travel destination again for outpatient spa guests and self-payers.

Today Bad Berneck specializes in the area of ​​prevention with its health and spa offers.

Incorporations

local community Area
ha 		Residents
(1970)		 Date of
incorporation		 Associated districts
Bad Berneck iF 806.38 4027 05/17/1818 Binning (place name dissolved), Blumenau, Frankenhammer, Kutschenrangen, Rodlasberg, Warmeleithen
Bärnreuth 544.50 218 01/01/1971 Heinersreuth
Escherish 300.46 978 05/01/1978 Brandleithen, Bruckmühle, Degmann, Föllmar, Föllmarsberg, Fornenmühle, Hinterröhrenhof, Juliusthal, Schmelz, Steinbühl, Vorderröhrenhof
Gold mill 37.09 240 01/01/1978 Mainleithen
Neudorf 583.98 220 04/01/1972 Birkenhof, Eichberg, Falkenhaus, Gesees, Nenntmannsreuth
Rimlas 711.43 172 01/01/1978 Gothendorf, Hohenknoden, Köslar, Micheldorf
Water balls 326.56 264 07/01/1972 Jägersruh, Kolbenhof, Mooshof, Neuhaus
Total city 3310.40 6119 7 municipal capitals, 32 other districts

On January 1, 2019, the community-free area of Goldkronacher Forst was dissolved. 469.33 hectares or 26.0 percent of the area of ​​the uninhabited area in its western part were incorporated into the city of Bad Berneck in the Fichtel Mountains.

Population development

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population fell from 4,896 to 4,371 by 525 or 10.7%. A peak was reached on December 31, 1992 with 5311 inhabitants.

politics

Coat of arms on the town hall

City council

The city council has 16 members. Allocation of seats (as of July 2014):


Town twinning

Attractions

Kurpark with the new colonnade

Culture

  • Franconian theater summer: theater, chansons, cabaret, literature and other things in the summer months at changing venues
  • KuKuK: Art and culture in the old kindergarten. Changing events with a focus on customs in the Fichtelgebirge.
  • Kunststraße: In the summer months, changing exhibitions in the city's shop windows
  • Pretzel weeks: From mid-January to the beginning of March, the six pretzel hosts alternate Franconian specialties and international exotic dishes.
Celebrations and events
  • Stadelkerwa Rimlas
  • Western Festival Escherlich
  • Midsummer Night Festival
  • Castle Festival

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The city's largest employer is Frenzelit GmbH with around 480 employees worldwide. The company is owned by the Wagner family and produces sealing materials, technical textiles and expansion joints . The second largest employer is the Reitz Group with around 200 employees in Bad Berneck (around 500 employees in total). The Reitz Group with its brands Popp, düwi and Schwaiger produces electrical goods. The Reitz group filed for bankruptcy on February 18, 2009. Hiking and health tourism is an important economic factor . An extensive network of hiking and cycling trails with connections to national routes such as the Franconian Mountain Trail, the Burgenweg, the Main and Saale Cycle Paths is the basis for gentle hiking tourism.

traffic

Bad Berneck station, which was finally closed on December 31, 1993, 1987

Private transport

Bad Berneck is at the intersection of federal highways 2 ( Hof  - Bayreuth) and 303 ( Kronach  - Eger ). Bad Berneck is connected to the motorway network via the Bad Berneck / Himmelkron connection (distance 5 km) (federal motorways 9 and 70 ).

Public transport

The city is integrated into the transport network of the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region . The central bus station is located at the intersection of federal highways B 2 and B 303. Passenger traffic on the Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg-Bischofsgrün railway line through the town was discontinued in 1974, goods traffic ended in 1992. The nearest train stations are in Marktschorgast , Neuenmarkt and Bayreuth .

education

The Sebastian Kneipp elementary school (elementary and middle school) is located in Bad Berneck and was awarded the title “ Environmental School in Europe” for the third time in a row (2010/11/12) for its commitment to environmental education . There is also an adult education center, two kindergartens, two crèches and a daycare center. As a member of the Kneipp Association, the Kneipp and Health Center offers training as a Kneipp health advisor.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Johann Adam Flessa

Personalities who lived and worked in Bad Berneck

  • Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Oberbergrat in the Goldkronach Mining Authority from 1793 to 1796, lived in Goldmühl
  • Ludwig Körbitz (1809–1882), pharmacist, mayor, member of the state parliament
  • Ulrike Marie Meinhof (1934–1976), journalist of the radical left and later terrorist, co-founder of the Red Army Faction (RAF), lived in Bad Berneck from 1945 to 1946

literature

Web links

Commons : Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge  - collection of images
Wikivoyage: Bad Berneck  - travel guide
Wikisource: Did the town of Berneck really get its name from the Slavic god of thunder, Percun?  - Sources and full texts
Wikisource: Bad Berneck in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ City of Bad Berneck: City Council Bad Berneck. Retrieved May 23, 2020 .
  3. ^ Community of Bad Berneck in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on January 5, 2020.
  4. ^ Local files of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection in Bamberg
  5. ↑ Wilhelm Müller: Bayreuth - The beginnings of an Upper Franconian city, local supplement to the Upper Franconian school gazette No. 22, May 1966
  6. ↑ a b c Richard Winkler: Historical Atlas of Bavaria - Bayreuth / Munich 1999
  7. ↑ Castles in Central Europe, Volume 2, Stuttgart 1999, pages 182,183
  8. ↑ Otto Schoerrig: Berneck, its development up to the city elevation in: History of the City of Bad Berneck iF, Bad Berneck 1957
  9. ↑ a b c Castles in Upper Franconia, Part 2: The castles of the noble families in the Obermaing area, Kulmbach 1955
  10. ^ Michel Hofmann: The city survey in: History of the City of Bad Berneck iF, Bad Berneck 1957
  11. ^ Emil Wachter: Community life and time events in: History of the City of Bad Berneck iF, Bad Berneck 1957
  12. ↑ a b Rescue operation for the New Colonnade in: Nordbayerischer Kurier from December 6, 2019, p. 19.
  13. ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Volkert (Ed.): Handbook of the Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 432 .
  14. ^ Official register of places for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from d. 1961 census, Munich, 1964, from column 651
  15. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 676 .
  16. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bad-berneck.com