Actual rowing frogs

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Actual rowing frogs
Rhacophorus malabaricus, in amplexus

Rhacophorus malabaricus , in amplexus

Systematics
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Rowing frogs (Rhacophoridae)
Subfamily : Rhacophorinae
Genre : Actual rowing frogs
Scientific name
Rhacophorus
Kuhl & Hasselt , 1822
Rhacophorus arboreus is native to Japan
Foam nest of Rhacophorus arboreus in branches over a body of water
Metamorphosis of a tadpole from Rhacophorus arboreus to a finished frog
Rhacophorus burmanus comes in Myanmar and China before
Rhacophorus pardalis , the harlequin flying frog from Southeast Asia
Java flying frog ( Rhacophorus reinwardtii )

The genus actual rowing frogs ( Rhacophorus ) belongs to the family of rowing frogs (Rhacophoridae) within the order of the frogs . Some species, also known as flying frogs (e.g. Wallace flying frog , Java flying frog ), can glide up to 15 meters through the air with the help of their huge webbed toes and fingers, which they use like paragliders .

features

frogs

The species of the real rowing frogs are morphologically similar to those of the genus Polypedates , with which they are closely related.

Larvae

The larval forms of the real rowing frogs show clear differences to those of the genus Polypedates . The body is flat, the larvae have a small indentation on the snout, which is best seen in profile, in some species a white point can be seen at the tip of the snout. The eyes are not on the side, but almost on top of the larvae. The larvae of Polypedates have a long, fine " flagellum " as an extension of the tail at its tip .

distribution

The species of the genus occur in Asia from India and Sri Lanka , to the east of China and to Japan and the Philippines . One of the main areas of distribution is Southeast Asia , where around half of the flying frogs are native.

Way of life

The species live in dense forests at heights of over 2000 meters.

When most species mate, a mass of slime secreted by the female is beaten into foam, which is then stuck between leaves over a water surface and serves as a “nest” for the spawn. After hatching, the larvae of most species continue to develop as tadpoles in the water.

Subgenera

Molecular genetic studies have corroborated a subdivision into sub-genera that was already used in some cases. The subgenus Leptomantis includes species from Malaysia , Indonesia and the Philippines. The subgenus Rhacophorus describes a mixture of the species found in India, southern China and Indochina . Another sub-taxon is still unnamed and occurs in East Asia , mainly in parts of China and Japan.

species

The genus includes 92 species. It is to be expected that some species with a wide distribution will be divided into further species on the basis of molecular genetic findings or more precise research into their range. The mountain forests of northern Sumatra have hardly been explored with regard to the herpetofauna and numerous new species could be discovered there. However, only four new species were described for the first time between 2014 and 2017 .

As of November 21, 2018

no longer in the genre

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b S. Grosjean, M. Delorme, A. Dubois and A. Ohler: Evolution of reproduction in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia, Anura). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 46, 2, 169 2008
  2. ↑ Jiatang Li, Dingqi Rao, Robert W. Murphy, & Yaping Zhang: The Systematic Status of Rhacophorid Frogs . Asian Herpetological Research, 2, 1, 1-11, 2011
  3. ↑ a b c Jeffrey W. Streicher, Amir Hamidy, Michael B. Harvey, Ben Anders, Kyle J. Shaney, Nia Kurniawan & Eric N. Smith: Mitochondrial DNA reveals a new species of parachuting frog (Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorus) from Sumatra. Zootaxa, 3878, 4, pages 351-365, 2014
  4. ↑ Jia-Tang Li, Yang Li, RW Murphy, Ding-Qi Rao & Ya-Ping Zhang: Phylogenetic resolution and systematics of the Asian tree frogs, Rhacophorus (Rhacophoridae, Amphibia). Zoologica Scripta, 41, pages 557-570, 2012
  5. ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Rhacophorus , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. Electronic Database accessible at American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2014, accessed November 21, 2018
  6. ↑ M. Matsui, T. Shimada & A. Sudin: A new gliding frog of the genus Rhacophorus from Borneo. Current Herpetology, 32, pp. 112-124, Kyoto 2013
  7. ↑ a b Jia-Tang Li, J. Liu, Y.-Y. Chen, J.-W. Wu, RW Murphy, E.-M. Zhao, Y.-Z. Wang & Y.-P. Zhang: Molecular phylogeny of treefrogs in the Rhacophorus dugritei species complex (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 165, pp. 143-162, 2012
  8. ↑ a b A. A. Ostroshabov, NL Orlov & TT Nguyen: Taxonomy of frogs of genus Rhacophorus of "hoanglienensis-orlovi" complex. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 20, pp. 301-324, 2013
  9. ↑ B.-q. Liu, Y.-f. Wang, K. Jiang, H.-m. Chen, J.-j. Zhou, J.-n. Xu & C.-h. Wu: A new treefrog species of the genus Rhacophorus Found in Zhejiang, China (Anura: Rhacophoridae). [In Chinese with English abstract]. Dòngwùxué zázhì / Chinese Journal of Zoology, 52, pp. 361–372, Nanking 2017
  10. ↑ JM Dehling: A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Gunung Kinabalu, Borneo . Salamandra 51 (1), 2015, pp. 1-11. PDF; 4.26 MB
  11. ↑ Y.-M. Mo, W.-C. Chen, X. Liao, S.-C. Zhou: A new species of the genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Dabie Mountains in East China. Asian Herpetological Research, 7, pp. 139-150, 2016
  12. ↑ a b N. L. Orlov, NA Poyarkov Jr., AB Vassilieva, NB Ananjeva, TT Nguyen, NV Sang & P. ​​Geissler: Taxonomic notes on rhacophorid frogs (Rhacophorinae: Rhacophoridae: Anura) of the southern part of Annamite Mountains (Truong Son, Vietnam ), with description of three new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 19, pages 23-64, 2012
  13. ↑ T. Pan, Yannan Zhang, B. Zhang in T. Pan, Yannan Zhang, H. Wang, J. Wu, X. Kang, L. Qian, K. Li, Yu Zhang, J. Chen J, D. Rao , J. Jiang J, B. Zhang: A new species of the genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Dabie Mountains in East China. Asian Herpetological Research, 8, pp. 1-13, 2017
  14. ↑ G.-H. Yu, M.-W. Zhang & J.-X. Yang: Molecular evidence for taxonomy of Rhacophorus appendiculatus and Kurixalus species from northern Vietnam, with comments on systematics of Kurixalus and Gracixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 47, pages 31-37, 2013
  15. ^ ST Hertwig, I. Das, M. Schweizer, RM Brown & A. Haas: Phylogenetic relationships of the Rhacophorus everetti-group and implications for the evolution of reproductive modes in Philautus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae). Zoologica Scripta, 41, pages 29-46, 2012
  16. ↑ Jia-Tang Li, Yang Li, Sebastian Klaus, Ding-Qi Rao, DM Hillis & Ya-Ping Zhang: Diversification of rhacophorid frogs provides evidence for accelerated faunal exchange between India and Eurasia during the Oligocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, pp. 3441-3446, 2013

Web links

Commons : Actual rowing frogs  - collection of images, videos and audio files