Watermill Sloop
The watermill in Slup (German Zulb ) has been a national cultural monument under the management of the Technical Museum Brno since 1995 . The mill is located approx. 15 km southeast of Znojmo . The renaissance building with four functioning water wheels , grinders and a mill pit makes the mill a unique technical monument.
history
The first evidence of a mill in Slup comes from 1512. It is a list of the local miller brotherhood. The existence of a watermill in the area is mentioned in a document from 1302, but whether this was the location is uncertain. The mill was owned by the Cistercian monastery in Oslavany , which owned the village of Slup in 1228. When the monastery was dissolved in the first third of the 16th century, the village and mill became part of the Jaroslavice estate ; between 1541 and 1810, the Heren von Kunstadt , the Counts Hardegg , the Counts Collalto and the Counts Berka von Dubá changed owners from 1610 the Counts of Althan called Slup their own. The mill was probably given its present-day renaissance look in the last quarter of the 16th or the beginning of the following century.
In 1810 the indebted mill was transferred from the von Althan family to the free milling families Hollí, Steimetz and finally Mach , where it remained until 1938. These families modernized the machines and built no longer existing outbuildings such as stables and workshops. An improved roller mill was put into operation in the 1880s, and a water turbine was installed in the interwar period. With the annexation to the German Empire, the mill was confiscated. In 1945 it came under the state administration of Czechoslovakia. An agricultural cooperative ground their grain in the mill until 1957, but they neglected the maintenance of the technical equipment and the buildings began to deteriorate. In 1970 the state acquired the mill, six years later the Technical Museum in Brno took over the facilities, restored them and opened an exhibition on the subject of flour mills in 1983. In 1995 the mill was included in the list of National Cultural Monuments.
Mill technology
The Slup mill is one of the most impressive technical systems of its kind. Its importance lies not only in the architectural design of the late Renaissance building, the equipment and machines installed in the mill are important testimonies to the history of milling. From 1978 to 1983, the mill brought together, renovated and made operational systems from different parts of the Czech Republic, which illustrate the technical developments.
Four sets of mills were installed. The simplest structure is shown by the mill that was brought here from Zábrdí near Prachatice (1874–1877). The others come from Drozdovice near Prostějov (1940) (with JAHELKA slurry) and two with a French structure from the early 20th century, which were rescued from mills from the area flooded by the Dalešice dam .
It is driven by four undershot water wheels , one per mill. The power transmission from the shafts of the water wheels to the mills is carried out by gears with wooden gears .
In addition to the actual grinding process in the mill, these machines require a lot of additional equipment - mixers and bucket elevators, downpipes and systems for filling sacks. All mills are operational and will be demonstrated.
A roller mill is installed in the front part of the mill, with rollers instead of grinding stones for crushing and grinding the grain. Three different types are shown. Two of these, for scrapping and grinding rye, are products patented by the Blansko ironworks from 1907–1910 (Breitfeld-Daněk factory, system developed by Steckl). The third mill is designed to grind wheat very finely and lightly - the grain is ground between porcelain rollers. This type of roller mill was developed by the Swiss Friedrich Wegmann in Zurich, and with the Ganz factory he achieved worldwide fame in the 1880s. The Steckl cylinder grinder from the mill in Holštejn in the Moravian Karst, the Wegmann porcelain grinding set from the mill in Strenice near Mladá Boleslav and a grinder with a vibrating grate from Úpice came to the mill in Slup .
Mühlbach
The artificially created canal known as Thayamühlbach (Czech Dyjsko-mlýnský náhon ) is fed by the water of the Thaya , from which it branches off at Krhovice (German Gurwitz ) and over 31.6 km in length the towns of Strachotice (German Rausenbruck ), Micmanice ( Miezmanns) ), Slup, Oleksovičky ( Klein Olkowitz ) and Jaroslavice ( Joslowitz ) before moving to Austrian territory, past Laa an der Thaya and flowing back into the Thaya at Hevlín (Höflein). Along its course, the canal was used to operate numerous mills, feed ponds (including the Horní and Dolní Jaroslavický rybník fish ponds) and drive several small power plants . The Mühlkanal was laid out before 1302, according to a written record:
- May 25, 1302 Václav z Micmanic paid his debts to Euphemie z Olbramkostel with half a mill and a half track. CDM V, No. 132, 133.
Over the centuries the Mühlbach has been rebuilt and changed its course again and again in order to be able to use the water power optimally. The last major modifications were made in the 1830s. The Thayamühlbach is also an important technical monument.
literature
- JO Eliáš, L. Koběrská, V. Uher: Vodní mlýn ve Slupi - stavebně historický průzkum, rukopis, knihovna Technického muzea v Brně.
- J. Jaroš: Vodní mlýn ve Slupi - expozice mlynářské techniky, Technické muzeum v Brně. Brno 1988.
- J. Jaroš: Vodní mlýn ve Slupi, Principy a praxe muzejní obnovy. In: Muzejní a vlastivědná práce - Časopis společnosti přátel starožitností. 30/100, 1992, č. 4, pp. 214-222.
- J. Jaroš: Vodní mlýn ve Slupi. In: Muzejní a vlastivědná práce - Časopis společnosti přátel starožitností. 30/100, 1992, č. 3, pp. 138-144.
- M. Kloiber, T. Kolář, O. Merta, M. Rybníček: Dendrochronologické datování stavebních prvků vodního mlýna ve Slupi. In: Archeologia technica. 19, Technické muzeum v Brně, Brno 2008, ISBN 978-80-86413-47-1 , pp. 125-142.
- O. Merta: Vodní mlýn ve Slupi. In: Vodní mlýny, Okresní muzeum ve Vysokém Mýtě. Vysoké Mýto 2002, ISBN 80-238-9879-5 , pp. 111-119.
- Toulavá camera 1 . ISBN 80-7316-228-8 , pp. 26-28.
- L. Štěpán, M. Křivanová: Dílo a život mlynářů a sekerníků v Čechách. Praha 2000, ISBN 80-7203-254-2 .
- L. Štěpán, R. Urbánek, H. Klimešová u. a :: Dílo a život mlynářů a sekerníků v Čechách II. Prague 2008, ISBN 978-80-257-0015-0 .
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 47 ′ 0 ″ N , 16 ° 12 ′ 2 ″ E