Werner Fischer (chemist)
Werner Fischer (born August 21, 1902 in Elberfeld , † August 16, 2001 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German chemist.
Life
Fischer was born the son of an engineer from Bayer AG . After his father moved to Leverkusen, he grew up in a chemical environment. After graduating from high school in Cologne in 1921, he began studying chemistry at the TH Hannover .
Fischer received his diploma in 1925, the dissertation was carried out in 1927. This was followed by a position as a lecture assistant from 1929, all in the environment of Wilhelm Biltz . Fischer completed his habilitation there in 1932. In 1933 he accepted a call from the University of Freiburg to take up an associate's position there for inorganic and analytical chemistry . In 1944 he succeeded his teacher Wilhelm Biltz as head of the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry at the TH Hannover. He held this office until his retirement in 1968.
He turned down an appointment in the USA that he had received in 1951. Werner Fischer moved back to Freiburg im Breisgau as an emeritus.
Act
His scientific work is focused on two completely different areas of work.
On the one hand, he dealt with the thermal properties of metal halides and oxides , e.g. B. the vapor pressure measurement of reactive compounds at higher temperatures.
On the basis of experience from analytical chemistry, he developed liquid-liquid distribution as a separation process for the preparative production of chemically similar elements such as lanthanoids , scandium , zirconium and hafnium . The displacement distribution he developed in the process made essential contributions to the pure representation and availability of these elements and enabled significant technological leaps from reactor technology to color television. In later dissertations, this experimental experience was also theoretically / mathematically substantiated by computer simulations, early for this time.
Many results found their way into numerous publications and his role as editor and continuer of Biltz'schen standard textbooks for analytical and inorganic chemistry. Werner Fischer also dealt with questions of nomenclature. So he proposed in 1932 in analogy to the halogens (salt formers) for the elements of VI. Main group of the periodic table, the collective name chalcogens (ore formers) still valid today .
Fischer was a member of the international IUPAC commission for chemical nomenclature and the working committee for chemical terminology at the German Institute for Standardization (DIN). Accordingly, he advocated the consistent application of the current nomenclature rules and the SI system.
He kept in close contact with industry without putting himself on the shackles of contract research. Examples include Bayer AG, Salzdethfurt AG (today Kali und Salz AG ), Kali Chemie AG (today Solvay GmbH ), Degussa AG (today Evonik AG) and Th.Goldschmidt AG (today a subsidiary of Evonik Goldschmidt ) who also supported him in rebuilding the institute.
Around 70 dissertations were written under his leadership. Werner Fischer has invited his students and their partners to a meeting every five years since 1962. After his death, his widow continued this tradition.
Werner Fischer received the Alfred Stock Memorial Prize in 1964 .
Fonts
- For qualitative analysis of ammonia and sulfur ammonium groups and phosphoric acid. Verlag Chemie, Berlin 1936.
- Heinrich Biltz : Experimental Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry. 21st edition. revised by Wilhelm Klemm , Werner Fischer. de Gruyter, Berlin 1937.
- Wilhelm Biltz: Execution of qualitative analyzes. 10th edition. worried by Werner Fischer. Academic Publishing Company, Leipzig 1949.
- Wilhelm Biltz: Execution of qualitative analyzes of inorganic substances. 11th edition. worried by Werner Fischer. Geest & Portig, Leipzig 1952.
literature
- Rudolf Bock: The separation of the rare earth elements and other mixtures. In Memoriam Werner Fischer 1902–2001. Principal, Münster / Westphalia, ISBN 3-89969-009-5 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Werner Fischer in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Fischer, Werner |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 21, 1902 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Elberfeld |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 16, 2001 |
| Place of death | Freiburg in Breisgau |