Stadland (landscape)
Stadland describes a landscape on the banks of the Weser . The municipality of the same name Stadland is now located on part of the Stadland.
location
Stadland is the name for the bank wall of the Weser , which extends from Brake to Nordenham. This embankment is only a few kilometers wide and forms the core of the historic Stadland landscape. The Lockfleth estuary flowed along the bank from the mid-14th century to the 17th century . This gave the Stadland and Butjadingen further north an island location.
The Stadland was perceived as a geographically closed unit in the early modern times, when it was bordered by Ahne and Heete in the north and the Lockfleth in the west and south, two arms of the Weser Delta that existed at that time.
The Weser delta with branches leading to the Jade Bay existed from the early 14th to the beginning of the 16th century. The first arm between the Weser and Jade was the ancestor before the end of the 1320s, the course of which suggests that it originated from a breakthrough in the Weser. This separated Butjadingen from the Stadland. Since the Clement Flood of 1334, the Heete branched off from the ancestor and flowed into the Weser at Atens . A little north of Elsfleth , the Weser dike broke in two places in 1367. For decades, the old Weser tributary of the Liene in the Linebrok expanded into a ramified Weser bay to the west and overflowed into the Jade during high water. During the Marcellus flood of 1362, a long and wide branch of the Jade Bay, the Lockfleth , was created south of the ancestor . In 1384 the Weser dike broke north of the village of Harrien and the so-called Harrier Brake gained connection to the Lockfleth. So the Stadland became a long, narrow island between the Weser and Lockfleth. Today's Schweier Moor, located between Lockfleth and the Frisian Balge , was hardly populated at that time. The main estuary of the Weser was always the Lower Weser before and during the time of the Weser Delta. After the conquest of the area by Count Johann V of Oldenburg , work began to seal off the estuary arms very soon. Already in 1515 the Lockfleth at the newly founded Ovelgönne was interrupted by dykes, but the draining of the water took more than a hundred years.
Today the entire Stadland is drained by a network of canals and ditches, the water level of which is regulated by pumping stations on the dykes of the Lower Weser and Jade Bay. The boundary of their catchment areas is blurred in many areas because of the diffuse water movements, which are also influenced by pumping stations. All dikes on the peninsula between the Jadebusen, Unterweser and Unterer Hunte are maintained by the II. Oldenburg dike band .
history
In the early Middle Ages, the Stadland belonged to the Frisian tribal area. Around 1200 the peasant republic of Stadland was formed, which, like the neighboring Butjadingen to the north, belonged to the alliance of the Seven Frisian Zealand as part of the Rüstringen district .
Several catastrophic storm surges occurred in the 14th century, with thousands of deaths and significant land losses. The main part of the Stadland became an island in the temporarily existing Weser Delta. The Stadland also included the largely uninhabited areas west of Ahne and Lockfleth. In 1481 the organs of the peasant republic of Stadland had to approve the purchase of the Jade monastery by the Rastede monastery . Powerful neighbors tried to get the land on the Lower Weser into their hands: The Archbishop of Bremen , the Free Imperial City of Bremen and the County of Oldenburg . After the Battle of Golzwarden from 1408 to 1424, Bremen ruled the area until the East Frisian chiefs Tom Brok , Focko Ukena and Sibet Lubben conquered it.
In January 1514, Count Johann V von Oldenburg conquered the Stadland with the support of the Archbishop of Bremen and the consent of the Guelphs (Johann got it as a Guelph fief). After that it belonged to the Oldenburg State Association until 1946.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dietrich Hagen: Der Naturraum ( Memento of the original dated February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 725 kB). In: Dietrich Hagen / Heinrich Schmidt / Günter König: Oldenburg. Land between the North Sea and Dammer Mountains . Hanover. Lower Saxony State Center for Political Education 1999, p. 11 u. 27-30
- ↑ Loss of land and dyke construction in today's Wesermarsch ( Memento from January 1, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ www.geschichtsatlas.de: Storm surges and long-term changes in coastal waters
- ↑ Water management in the Wesermarsch district (PDF) ( Memento of the original from August 25, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Christian Friedrich Strackerjan: Contributions to the history of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in informal notebooks. Wilhelm Kaiser, Bremen 1837, p. 108f.
