Sweat

Sweat Stadland municipality
Coordinates: 53 ° 24 ′ 10 ″  N , 8 ° 21 ′ 21 ″  E
Area :	36.36 km²
Residents :	1538
Population density :	42 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	March 1, 1974
Postal code :	26936
Area code :	04737
Location of Schwei in Lower Saxony

Welding a village southeast of the bay Jadebusen . Together with the villages of Rodenkirchen and Seefeld, it forms the municipality of Stadland , which is located in the Wesermarsch district in Lower Saxony .

Geography and landscape

The village is located in low land between the southwest lying Geest and the eastern bank walls of the Weser . This circumstance makes natural drainage difficult. For this reason, the landscape around Schwei is characterized by the raised bog , which can be recognized today by the numerous drainage structures . What was remarkable in Switzerland was the clear spatial separation of house people and dogs .

Districts

St. Secundus Church

The localities of Schwei include the farmers : Schwei, Norderschwei (I and II), Kötermoor (I and II), Süderschwei (I and II), Schweieraußendeich (I and II), Schweieraltendeich , Schweierfeld and Schwei II .

history

Surname

There are two theories for the origin of the name Schwei : The word Schwey goes back to a medieval form of Swige or Swege , which describes wet or low land. The second theory assumes that the place name goes back to Schweig , which means a cattle yard, this name would also be plausible due to the place's origin from an estate . Johannes Ey also pursues this etymology , Swege goes back to his research on Sweige , Sweig , Sweie , Swei and describes a cattle yard or a pasture. The verb sweigen means to make cheese . Similar names can also be found in the Alpine region, where similar farms are known as Schwaighof . The moor south of Schwei is referred to on a map from 1650 as in den Schweih .

Until 1528 - The monastery courtyard

Collapse of the Jade Bay and temporary Weser Delta. → Visible width 1122 px

It is not known when the first settlement of Schwei took place. The well-known beginnings of the settlement date back to the Middle Ages, when Schwei was part of the manor district of the Hude monastery . Since the Stedinger Crusades, the monastery had the first dependent farms on which farmers worked for them. The Cistercian monastery in Hude was founded relatively late and was not particularly strict in its interpretation of the regulations. Although Cistercian monks were actually only required to live “by their hands' work, without striving for profit, they managed beyond their own needs and even got their tithes . Also secular workers were probably employed on the farm in Sweat. In addition to the farm near Schwei, there was a farm to lockflethe in the region and one in Dalsper near Moorriem . Typically a court was run by a supervising monk, who was supported by converts , i.e. people who had chosen a monastic life without monastic vows. A monastery chapel has survived from around 1500 and was occupied by a priest . The priest was most likely a friar and not a pastor. The first church followed in 1525, located southeast of the present church. The boggy area around Schwei was protected in 1514 under Count Johann V von Oldenburg with a dike from Hahnenknoop to Hayenwärf. The Oldenburg chronicler Hermann Hammelmann dates the dike in Schwey as early as under Count Gerd and an occupation and avoidance to the Frisian residents under Count Adolf .

From 1528 - early modern times

Sweat as Surige around 1579

The Huder Hof in Schwei was in the Oldenburg area; the monastery Hude however in the Delmenhorst territory . During the Reformation , Count Anton I of Oldenburg wanted to bring this foreign property under his rule. He legitimized the takeover of Schwei in 1528 with the right of hereditary patronage . He claimed he was only taking possession of sweat temporarily to protect it from worldly takeover. He pretended to return the withdrawn courts at a later council . In return, he allowed some monks who had become evangelicals to come to Switzerland.

In 1528 the Hof to den Swege was taken over by the Oldenburg Count House. With the takeover, the land was divided into twelve Meierhöfe and the parish of Schwei was founded. The new parish had 38 buildings and comprised Jück in 1922. Walter Renzelmann is also the first recorded pastor for this period , through whom Schwei was the first Protestant parish in Oldenburg to find its way into the history of the Oldenburg Reformation. In 1615 the St. Secundus Church was built. The Oldenburg Vogteikarte shows the development status of Schwei in 1795, the church village has a development of only seven houses around the church. The first sexton and thus the first school lessons are recorded for 1559/1593, the first school followed in 1602. In 1681, a pastor, a sexton and a blacksmith are recorded for Schwei.

Natural disasters: The Achtermeer Brake

Due to its location, sweat was and is prone to storm surges. Between the Achtermeer and Schweier Zoll, the first documented dike breach occurred in 1613 during a storm surge , when the high moor was lifted and torn apart by the salt water. The water masses then poured eastwards to Rodenkirchen , Golzwarden and Ovelgönne . The parish of Schwei also suffered severe damage, although the houses were largely spared, as they themselves stood on the raised bog and were raised with the subsoil. At the point where the dike broke, the Achtermeersche Brake was created , Brake denotes the place where the dike broke. The Kolk located here formed a large lake ("sea"), which was north of the current place name on the B 437 . This lake was diked in a semicircle to seal off the breaking point. But the dike broke again as early as 1615, this time at the junction of the new dike, when the raised bog rose and the water let through. Further dike breaches followed in 1617, 1625, 1627, 1641 and 1689. The drainage of the Achtermeer Brake did not take the shortest route into the Jade , but followed the route of the later Strohhauser Sieltiefs into the Weser.

19th century

With the construction of the Chaussee from Varel to Rodenkirchen in 1865, Schwei was equipped with a well-developed trunk road. In the years 1872/73 a Dutch windmill was built in Schwei.

The 20th century

The Varel-Rodenkirchen railway line , which was opened in 1913, ran through sweat , the station building at Bahnhofstrasse 1 is still preserved today but is in private use. The route was discontinued in 1958. Even after the 17th century, Schwei still suffered from the damp landscape and winter floods. For this reason, in 1931 the Schweier pumping Eight was established that the welder in the same year pumping station was built. The Schweier Verlaat was built 200 meters north of it . Today the building on the B 437 is no longer in use, but is a listed building. The last major infrastructure measure of the 20th century took place in the 1970s, when the Strohauser Sieltief was placed on the former route of the abandoned railway line.

In the immediate post-war period, the population of Schwei briefly grew by around a thousand as a result of the influx of displaced persons. The Cold War left traces in Schweierfeld in the form of a military base . Nike anti-aircraft missiles were stationed here from 1973 to 1989 .

Administrative history

With the establishment of the parish in 1528, Schwei was incorporated into an administrative unit for the first time. The parish fell to Count Anton I von Aldenburg in 1667 . Under his municipal code, the parish became the municipality of Schwei. However, this gave it back to the sovereignty ( Denmark ) in 1693 . Until 1811 the parish was part of the Bailiwick of Schwei , whose administration was located in Schweierfeld . During the Oldenburg French era , from 1811 to 1813, Schwei was a Mairie part of the French Empire in the canton of Ovelgönne in the arrondissement of Oldenburg, in the department of the Weser estuary . With the restoration of the old order by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Schwei was again part of Oldenburg. After the French period until 1858, Schwei was part of the Rodenkirchen office, followed by the Brake office until 1879.

From 1933 to 1948, Schwei was part of the Rodenkirchen community. On March 1, 1974, the municipality of Stadland was formed, which consists of Rodenkirchen, Seefeld and Schwei.

Schweier mill

After the abolition of compulsory mills , Gerd Wessels Eilers from Jeverland built a gallery Dutch mill in Switzerland in 1872 . This mill was in direct competition with the Erdholländermuhe operated in Schweierfeld . Due to the boggy subsoil, the mill was built on 99 driven piles . A bakery was attached next to the mill. The mill turned out to be a successful investment for the operator, Gerd Wessels Eilers was able to buy a few hectares of land until his death in 1900. Larger quantities of grain were brought to Strohausersiel by ship, from where they were transported to Schwei with the help of horses. A steam engine was available for days with no wind . After the death of the founder who took over Müller journeyman Otto splitter line. In 1909 the mill burned down due to a lightning strike, but was rebuilt a year later. On this occasion she received a compass rose and blinds. In the upper area of ​​the windmill there were two large grain silos with a capacity of 90 and 40 quintals . The mill was not operated during the First World War . Thereupon the son of the operator Bernhard Eilers took over the business with his brother-in-law Göing. In 1926, Eymers' father took over the mill and placed it in the care of his son Georg. The mill was sold again in 1930 and equipped with a diesel engine in 1934 . The following year, Hans Mathiesen took over the business until 1942. The mill then fell into disrepair, and the blades were damaged by a hurricane in 1946 (or 1947) . As a result of the damage, the canopy with wings and the compass rose were dismantled. From 1949 the Milas family still operated as a motor mill, but this was finally given up in 1956 with the sale of the packing house . In August 1956 the hull of the mill was demolished. The warehouse at Mühlenstrasse 3, which has been converted into a residential building, is the last remaining evidence of the Schweier Mühle.

coat of arms

The Common Sweat received its coat of arms in 1952 from the Interior Minister of Lower Saxony: “Divided by blue and silver; above a silver flying seagull; at the bottom a blue scythe leaf, over the bend a blue clover leaf ”. The coat of arms is supposed to symbolize the proximity to the Jade Bay, the agriculture and the fertile soil in the marshland.

Infrastructure

The B 437 running south of Schwei forms an east-west connection between A 27 and A 28 . A direct connection to a motorway will be realized to the east of the village through a motorway junction of the A 20 and B 437. The Strohhauser Sieltief drains the middle Wesermarsch into the Weser near Rodenkirchen. A power line to the Unterweser nuclear power plant runs near Schwei .

economy

The economy of Schwei is characterized by agriculture and craft businesses. The location on the Jade Bay brings some tourism to Switzerland. Due to the coastal location and the associated wind, there are increased investments in wind energy .

Public facilities

• Integrative day-care center “Lüttje Lüü” with two groups, a crèche and an after-school care center
• Primary School Sweat
• Ev.-luth. Parish of Schwei
• with community center and cemetery including morgue
• Swiss volunteer fire brigade
• gym
• sports ground

societies

• Gymnastics and sports club TuS Schwei from 1898 eV
• Sports community SG Schwei / Seefeld / Rönnelmoor eV (SGSSR)
• Rural people
• Schweier Citizens' Association
• The Red Cross

Demographics

Population development

year	Residents
1681	1,634 (parish)
1684	1,363 (parish)
1763	1,348
1788	1,447
1791	1,538
1793	1,604
1811	1,619
1815	1,652
1855	1,831 (municipality)
1925	2,019 (municipality)
1939	1,749 (not all peasant communities)
1946	2,972 (growth from displaced persons)
1950	2,860
1961	1,951
2006	1,630
2012	1,538

Attractions

St. Secundus Church

In Schwei there is the St. Secundus Church from 1617, which is known for the carvings by Ludwig Münstermanns .

Floating moor

The unique floating moor on the Jade Bay is located northwest of Schwei, near Sehestedt . The natural monument is the only outside dike in the world and is under nature protection.

Bronze Age House Hartwarderwurp

A replica of the Hartwarderwurp Bronze Age house is located east of Schwei .

Famous pepole

• Walter Renzelmann (died shortly before 1560 in Schwei), pastor in Schwei, first Lutheran preacher in the county of Oldenburg.
• Diedrich Konrad Muhle (1780–1869), pastor and chronicler in Switzerland
• Theodor Dirks (1816–1902), taught from 1842 to 1859 in Northern Switzerland

literature

• Dietrich Konrad Muhle : Schweyer Chronicle.
• Hermann Hammelmann : Oldenburgisch Chronicon This is description of the praiseworthy clock old counts of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst [et] c. From which the current kings of Dennemarck and Hertzog zu Holstein sprang: Sampt of your family's first arrival, deeds, government, life and end, adorned with artificial bust portraits and coats of arms, Oldenburg 1599, p. 300; First written evidence of sweat ("at the sweat").
• Werner Barre: Diedrich Konrad Muhle (1780–1869) the chronicler of Hude and Schwei, in: Oldenburgische Familienkunde. - Kirchhatten: Oldenburgische Ges. Für Familienkunde. Volume 23. Oldenburg 1981, pp. 303-326.
• Karl-Ernst Behre : The history of the landscape around the Jade Bay Friesland-Wilhelmshaven-Wesermarsch, Wilhelmshaven 2012, p. 144 f., 148.
• Heinrich Schmidt : History of the city of Oldenburg From the beginnings to 1830. Oldenburg, p. 298 f.
• Gustav Rüthning : Oldenburg history. Bremen 1911, p. 258.

Web links

• Internet presence of the municipality of Stadland
• Internet presence of the Schweier Citizens Association

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Der Landkreis Wesermarsch  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ^ ^{A b} Hermann Hammelmann: Oldenburg Chronicle until 1588. New edition based on a manuscript in the Oldenburg State Archives by Prof. Dr. Gustav Rüthing. Oldenburg historical sources. tape 1 . Oldenburg 1940, p. 286 f., 306, 334 .
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x} K.-H. Ziessow / A. Eckhardt .: Schwei, in: Oldenburgisches Ortlexikon Volume 2: LZ . Ed .: Albrecht Eckhardt. tape 2 . Oldenburg 2011, p. 735, 903-909 .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Knollmann / Bauer: The Oldenburger Seekante in the 17th century . Oldenburg 1995, p. 61 .
5. ↑ Johannes Ey: High medieval and early modern development of the country between the Jade Bay and the Weser . In: Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research (Hrsg.): Problems of coastal research in the southern North Sea area . tape 18 . August Lax, Hildesheim 1991, p. 21 .
6. ↑ ^{a b} Joachim Kuropka, Reinhard Rittner, Heinrich Schmidt: Oldenburg Church History . Ed .: Rolf Schäfer . Oldenburg 1999, p. 158, 206 .
7. ^ H. Goens: The inclusion of the church property during the Reformation in the Protestant area of ​​the Duchy of Oldenburg . In: Oldenburg Yearbook . tape 50 . Oldenburg 1927, p. 21 .
8. ↑ Gustav Rüthning: Oldenburgische history . Bremen 1911, p. 258 .
9. ^ ^{A b} Karl-Ernst Behre: History of the landscape around the Jade Bay . Wilhelmshaven 2012, p. 144 f., 148 .
10. ↑ K.-H. Ziessow / A. Eckhardt .: Schwei, in: Oldenburgisches Ortlexikon Volume 2: LZ . Ed .: Albrecht Eckhardt. tape 2 . Oldenburg 2011, p. 903-909 .
11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 276 .
12. ↑ Ingo Hashagen: When the wings were still turning ... The history of the former windmills and the only water mill in the Wesermarsch . Atelier in the farmhouse, 1986, p. 102 .
13. ^ TuS Schwei , accessed on September 13, 2014
14. ↑ SG SSR ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 13, 2014 
15. ^ Schweier Bürgererverein , accessed on March 15, 2014
16. ↑ Anna-Maria Weiß: The number of inhabitants in the municipality of Stadland is falling slightly. Retrieved February 16, 2019 .