Bailiwick of Switzerland

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The Vogtei Schwei was an administrative unit belonging to Oldenburg . It existed until 1811. The office building and the office closure (prison) of the bailiwick were in Schweierfeld . The Bailiwick's compulsory mill was also located here , in which all residents had to have their mills. There were a total of 29 bailiwicks in the county of Oldenburg.

Landscape and living conditions

Half of the landscape consisted of bog and marsh soil. The weather was changeable. The strong wind from the jade improved the air quality in the boggy areas. During the summer the heather bloomed and the air quality improved. The residents were generally doing relatively well from a health perspective. Often occurring diseases were pleurisy and pleurisy as well as nervous diseases.

history

Schwei became a parish in 1528 with the construction of the church . Presumably, the establishment of the bailiff's seat also fell at the same time. In 1669 Anton von Aldenburg exchanged his scattered goods for the Vogtei Schwei in a comparison with Denmark , so that he ruled over Kniphausen , Varel , Jade and Schwei. The Bailiwick of Schwei was the same as the District Court of Schwei. When a bailiff presided over a district court, he was also referred to as a bailiff or bailiff.

schools

The Kirchdörfer Schwei and Seefeld had their own school buildings. The farmers' communities Kötermoor, Süderschwei, Norderschwei, Schweier Außenendeich, Morgenland, Seefelder Außenendeich, Reitland, Neustadt and Frieschenmoor also had schools, and some of the lessons were held in their own buildings.

scope

Geographically, the Bailiwick of Schwei extended to the Dornebbe in the south and to the Hobendeich in the north. In the west, the Jade Bay delimited the area geographically and the Bailiwick of Jade delimited the area administratively. To the north was the Stollhamm Bailiwick and the Abbehausen Bailiwick . In the east was the Rodenkirchen Bailiwick . The Bailiwick was the entire parish welding and parts of three other parishes: the parish Seefeld Kirchdorf , Orient , Seefeld exterior dike , Hoben dike Reitland and Vorwerk Seefeld, from the parish Schweiburg it contained the villages Rönnelmoor and Achternmeer, the parish Strückhausen were the towns Neustadt and Frieschenmoor.

economy

The moor was relatively high, which is why it was easily accessible for arable farming by shifting. On the marshland mainly cattle farming was carried out. In 1792 there were around 2000 dairy cows and around 500 horses in the Bailiwick area. Pigs and sheep were also raised due to the favorable soil conditions. An estimate is based on around 3000 geese in the area. Besides the usual agricultural products of the time, because of the swamp ingen soil also was Reet available. In addition, there was the mining and export of peat.

A list of traders from 1793 gives the following information: a baker , three bleachers , two brewers, four roofers , a cooper , seven merchants and shopkeepers , 13 Kruger or innkeepers, two bricklayers , two butchers , 25 tailors , 37 cobblers , seven Blacksmiths , 80 weavers and 22 carpenters called.

There were so many employment opportunities in agriculture and in the development of the moors that only a few residents of the bailiwick looked for work outside their borders. The number of houses was 533 in 1793. This includes 164 barns and outbuildings as well as public and church buildings. In 1782, the count's treasury raised taxes and other income amounting to 9,900 Reichstalers .

Demographics

year Residents
1702 2,345
1769 3,359
1804 2,774

Bailiff

Period Surname
around 1607 Georg Hunrichs
from at least 1619–1633 Eberhardt von Marenholz
1638–1646 (?) Syabbe Hoddersen
1646-1677 Alverich Hoddersen
from 06/25/1688 Hinrich Hodders / Henrich Hoddersen
1729-1777 Christian Ernst Schmid (t)
around 1826 a bailiff Eschen

Others

The Oldenburg Vogteikarte from 1790 contains a map of the Vogtei Schwei, at the time the map was created 3600 people are likely to have lived here.

Lists

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e K.-H. Ziessow / A. Eckhardt: Oldenburg local dictionary. LZ . Ed .: Albrecht Eckhardt. tape 2 . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2011, p. 906 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Matthias Nistal: Oldenburgische advocacy map 1790/1800 (facsimile edition) Explanation stapling, in: . In: Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen (Hrsg.): Publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen . Hanover 2000, p. 12; 54 .
  3. ↑ Johannes Ey: High medieval and early modern development of the country between the Jade Bay and the Weser . In: Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research (Hrsg.): Problems of coastal research in the southern North Sea area . tape 18 . August Lax, Hildesheim 1991, p. 38 .
  4. ↑ a b c Ingo Hashagen: When the wings were still turning ... The history of the former windmills and the only water mill in the Wesermarsch . Atelier in the farmhouse, 1986, p. 100 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Seeber, Ekkehard: Constitutions of Oldenburg peasantry. Edition of rural legal sources from 1580-1814 . In: Voss, Wulf Eckart (ed.): Osnabrück writings on legal history . tape 14 . Universitätsverlag Osnabrück, Osnabrück 2008, p. 20th f.; 462; 466; 467 .
  6. ↑ NLA OL Best. 20 -10 No. 278 - Vogtei Schwei Contains: ... - Arcinsys detail page. Retrieved March 5, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Family tree of Eberhard von Mahrenholz. Retrieved March 4, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Martin Tielke: Johann von MARENHOLZ (MAHRENHOLTZ, MARENHOLT). Retrieved March 4, 2019 .
  9. ^ Ekkehard Seeber: Constitutions of Oldenburg peasantry . In: Edition of rural legal sources from 1580–1814 . 2008, p. 461 .
  10. ^ Nordwest-Zeitung: Meeting SCHWEI: Local history evening deals with buying wine. Retrieved March 4, 2019 .