Meadow elephant

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Meadow elephant
Common elephant (Inula britannica)

Common elephant ( Inula britannica )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Inuleae
Genre : Alante ( Inula )
Type : Meadow elephant
Scientific name
Inula britannica
L.

The meadow elephant ( Inula britannica ) is a species of the genus Alante ( Inula ) within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). According to Gutiérrez (2018) the species is better than Pentanema britannica (L.) D. Gut. Lousy. et al. in the genus Pentanema .

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 16
Detail of a flower head
Habit , leaves and inflorescence in the habitat
Infructescence with pappus

Vegetative characteristics

The meadow elephant is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. The simple leaves are egg-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate in shape and are often slightly serrated. The upper and middle stalk leaves encircle the stem or are seated with a weakly heart-shaped base. The underside of the leaf is densely hairy, silky and densely glandular.

Generative characteristics

On each plant there are one to four cup-shaped inflorescences , which have a diameter of 3 to 5 centimeters, in an umbrella cluster . The outer and middle bracts are long hairy and of equal length. All flowers of the meadow alant are deep yellow. The characteristic outer zygomorphic ray florets are longer than the inner radially symmetrical tubular florets .

The achenes are hairy.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

ecology

The meadow elephant is a mesomorphic, helomorphic hemicryptophyte . There is a vegetative reproduction and spreading as root creepers .

Pollinators are related to bees . In this river valley plant , the achenes also experience swimming spread. The meadow elephant is weakly salt-tolerant .

Occurrence and endangerment

The meadow elephant is common in Eurasia . It inhabits alternately moist, partially flooded meadows , occasionally flooded waters' edges, ditches and ruderal areas. It can be viewed as a type of character of the river valleys and silting areas of the coastal sections. In Central Europe it is a type of character of the Agropyro-Rumicion association, but also occurs in gappy societies of the Molinion association.

Its stocks are falling sharply in Germany. In many German federal states this species is on the red list of endangered plant species, but is not considered endangered in 1996 in Germany.

Systematics

Inula britannica was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné . A synonym for Inula britannica L. is Inula dichotoma Zuccagni .

There are roughly two subspecies:

  • Inula britannica L. subsp. britannica
  • Inula britannica subsp. hispanica (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo (Syn .: Inula hispanica Pau ): It occurs in Spain .

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Franz Fukarek, Heinz Henker, Christian Berg: Flora von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (fern and flowering plants) , Weissdorn-Verlag Jena, January 2006 (1st edition) ISBN 3-936055-07-6 .

Web links

Commons : Wiesen-Alant ( Inula britannica )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Inula britannica L., Wiesen-Alant. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ D. Gutiérrez-Larruscain et al .: Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema. In: Taxon, Volume 67, pages 149-164, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  922 .
  4. ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  5. ↑ a b c Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: W. Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Inula britannica In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.