Old Academy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Old Academy of the Neuhauser Strasse seen
The Wilhelminum around 1700 after Michael Wening

The Old Academy , also called Wilhelminum , is a large building in Munich from the 16th century with a Renaissance facade. It originally housed the Munich Jesuit College . The partly six-storey building with four inner courtyards is located in the old town .

History and use

Jesuit high school

Originally a Jesuit grammar school was built here between 1574 and 1576 under Duke Albrecht V by the Dutch builder Friedrich Sustris with the assistance of Wendl Dietrich from Augsburg and Wolfgang Mueller from Munich . The Jesuit high school was immediately popular, in 1597 there were already 900 students. A good 30 years later there were almost 1,500.

1583-1590 built by the Jesuits with the support of Duke Wilhelm V , called the Pious , the Michael church and a college building, which Wilhelminum . The architect was probably Friedrich Sustris (1540–1599). 34 town houses were demolished for the huge Renaissance complex, which was clearly a manifestation of the Counter Reformation, which caused considerable resentment in the city. College, monastery and church stretched together on a huge square between today's Ettstrasse, Maxburgstrasse and Kapellenstrasse as well as Neuhauser Strasse and were among the most splendid colleges of the Renaissance.

Public building

After the prohibition and repeal of the Jesuit order in 1773, the Bavarian Cadet Corps moved into the building. Then the building housed the police headquarters (1773), the Bavarian State Library (1774) and the Order of Malta (1781).

From 1783 the Bavarian Academy of Sciences was housed in the Wilhelminum, and from 1807 the Academy of Fine Arts with an electoral school of painting, sculpture and drawing. In 1826, the Ludwig Maximilians University was relocated from Landshut to Munich and remained in the academy building until 1840.

The Wilhelminum fell victim to aerial bombs in April 1944, after collection catalogs and valuable archive material had been destroyed in 1943. The original finds of the dinosaurs discovered by Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach in Egypt were destroyed during this Allied bombing raid on Munich. Hans Krieg , director of the Alte Akademie museum, where these important fossils were kept, had ignored Stromer's wish to keep these dinosaurs in a safe place.

After the war had been destroyed, only 16 window axes remained on the south wall of the building, to which St. Michael's Church adjoins to the east . The building complex was rebuilt by Josef Wiedemann based on the old structures. He reconstructed the gable structure in the middle in its original form. The arrangement of the inner courtyards with the ornamental courtyard, the monastery courtyard, the jewelry courtyard and the farmyard (of the state office) was retained.

  • Aerial photo from 2012

  • Notice board from 1890

  • Notice board from 1890

  • Post-war reconstruction by Josef Wiedemann

  • The library of the State Office for Statistics von Wiedemann

  • Wiedemann staircase in the style of the 1950s

After 1945, the Bavarian Academy of Sciences was housed in the northeast wing of the Munich Residence .

Most recently, the Wilhelminum housed the State Office for Statistics and Data Processing , the Bayerische Landesbodenkreditanstalt as well as the Jesuit College (greatly reduced in terms of staff and space) with accommodation for priests. In 2006 the Landesbodenkreditanstalt moved out after the Catholic Church bought the rear (northern) part of the building complex. The Hettlage department store left the building complex by the end of March 2012 .

Remodeling and private use

In July 2012, the tender for the granting of the heritable building right began. IBB München GmbH was commissioned as an external service provider for the project presentation on site.

On December 17, 2013, the property with a land area of ​​around 6,055 m² was leased to the Austrian real estate group Signa Holding with heritable building rights for 65 years . On November 7th, 2014 the clothing company Urban Outfitters from Philadelphia opened its eighth store in Germany as an interim user on 300 square meters. The target audience for this business are hipsters .

In November 2015, the Munich City Council decided on the framework for the next steps. In the future there will be a mix of retail, gastronomy, offices and apartments in the historic building complex. In coordination with the state capital Munich, Signa carried out an international one-stage realization competition, in the course of which the planned mix of uses and the impact on the historical, functional and historical contexts were examined. The result was presented in April 2016. The architectural office Morger Partner Architects from Basel / Switzerland was awarded the contract for the renovation of the traditional property with a history of over 400 years. Everyone involved was satisfied with the winning design by Morger Partner Architects from Basel. The conversion plans were "careful and consistent", it was said at the official presentation of the concept. The project encompasses a total rental area of ​​22,000 square meters. Living has a share of 20 percent. Two thirds of the total area is intended for retail and catering, the rest is for office use. The Schmuckhof, which was previously inaccessible to the public, is to be opened in the future.

The investor's plans to narrow the arcades on Neuhauser Strasse and remove them on Kapellenstrasse, which the city council had approved in the meantime, met with widespread criticism. The Munich Forum and the Urban Design Commission demanded that the arcades be retained in their previous form in favor of public space. The development plan adopted by the city council in February 2020 took up the criticism and, contrary to previous planning, stipulated the retention of all three arcades.

Max von Pettenkofer Fountain

In honor of the hygienist Max von Pettenkofer, there has been a public drinking fountain on the east facade of Neuhauser Strasse since 1899 . It consisted of a marble bowl with a bronze plaque designed in the Renaissance style. The fountain has been lost since 1944 and is to be reconstructed with the help of a citizens' initiative, the city and the old academy investor .

Richard Strauss Fountain

The Richard-Strauss-Brunnen is located directly in front of the building on Neuhauser Straße .

literature

  • Heinrich Habel, Johannes Hallinger, Timm Weski: State capital Munich - center (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume I.2 / 1 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-87490-586-2 , p. 680-684 .

Web links

Commons : Alte Akademie  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hildegard Lorenz: Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing. The official seat in Munich - architectural and art history. Munich, May 2001
  2. ^ SZ Alte Akademie February 4, 2018
  3. ^ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments - Old Academy
  4. ↑ EJ Fittkau - On the history of the Munich State Zoological Collection (PDF, 15.53 MB)
  5. ↑ Linda Jessen: Pop-up in the academy. Evening newspaper , October 24, 2014, p. 9
  6. ^ Realization competition for the Alte Akademie: Further procedure for the Alte Akademie muenchen.de on November 12, 2015; accessed on December 24, 2015.
  7. ^ Luxury instead of arcades Süddeutsche Zeitung on April 25, 2016
  8. ^ What will change with the renovation of the Old Academy Süddeutsche Zeitung on April 26, 2016
  9. ↑ The fight to preserve public space continues ... In: Münchner Forum eV February 4, 2018, accessed on September 28, 2019 (English).
  10. ^ Alfred Dürr: Old Academy Munich: Experts want arcades to be preserved. Retrieved September 28, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Sebastian Krass: Alte Akademie: Munich is getting space in a prime location. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . March 1, 2020, accessed March 2, 2020 .
  12. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung: Munich's water dispenser. Retrieved September 1, 2019 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 20 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 11 ″  E