Vitaly Iossifowitsch Goldanski

Witali Iossifowitsch Goldanski ( Russian Виталий Иосифович Гольданский , English transcription Vitaly Goldansky; born June 18, 1923 in Vitebsk ; † January 14, 2001 in Moscow ) was a Russian physicist and chemist .

Goldanski grew up in Leningrad, where he began his studies, interrupted by the siege in World War II, in which he was a soldier. During the war he continued his studies in Kazan and Moscow and after the war he went to the Semjonow Institute, where he received his doctorate in 1947 (on chemical catalysis). From 1952 to 1961 he worked at the Lebedew Institute as an employee of Vladimir Iossifowitsch Weksler . Then he was back at the Semjonow Institute for Chemical Physics, where he was laboratory manager, 1974 department head and 1988-1994 director. He also taught at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) as a professor and at Lomonosov University .

Goldanski initially dealt with physical chemistry and chemistry at high temperatures and nuclear chemistry, later he turned to experimental elementary particle physics at the accelerator in Dubna and experimental nuclear physics. He also dealt with chemical reactions at very low temperatures (where tunneling effects become important) and the chemistry of positrons. Most recently he dealt with the origin of life and the causes of chirality in biology.

In 1960, he predicted a nuclear decay with two proton and neutron emissions, which was confirmed experimentally in 2002 (see proton emission ). He also predicted a nuclear Josephson effect (transfer of a Cooper pair of nucleons between superfluid nuclei in nuclear reactions) with Larkin in 1967 , which was also later confirmed experimentally.

He determined the electrical polarizability of protons (1960) and studied the photoproduction of pions and Cherenkov radiation from showers of cosmic radiation in the atmosphere.

In 1964 he discovered the possibility of polymerisation with shock waves.

He was a winner of the Lenin Prize and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (corresponding member 1962, full member 1981) and the Leopoldina (1976) and, since 1985, an external member of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR . In 1987 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , in 1989 to the American Philosophical Society and in 1995 to the National Academy of Sciences . In 1975 he became a Fellow of the American Physical Society . In 1996 he was awarded the Semyonov Gold Medal and in 1975 the Mendeleev Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Goldanski was President of the Russian Pugwash Committee from 1987 to 2001 . From 1984 to 1987 he was Vice President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP).

He was married to a daughter of Nikolai Nikolayevich Semyonov .

Web links

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Individual evidence

1. ↑ Goldansky et al. a. The Elastic γ p Scattering at Energies of 40-70 MeV and the Polarizability of the Proton, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 38 (1960) 1693 (English translation JETP)
2. ↑ Member History: Vitalii I. Gol'danskii. American Philosophical Society, accessed August 23, 2018 .