Vladimir Panteleimonovich Schuse

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Vladimir Panteleimonowitsch Schuse ( Russian Владимир Пантелеймонович Жузе ; born October 1 . Jul / 14. October  1904 greg. In Kazan ; † 1 October 1993 ) was a Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Schuse was the second of seven children of the orientalist and religious scholar Panteleimon Krestowitsch Schuse of Palestinian origin. Schuse graduated from the Faculty of Physics at the Azerbaijan University in Baku in 1925.

In 1931 Schuse became a research associate at the Physico-Technical Institute (FTI) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)) in Leningrad . From 1932 he headed the radiation brigade . Together with Boris Wassiljewitsch Kurtschatow (brother Igor Wassiljewitsch Kurtschatows ), Schuse investigated the influence of impurities on the temperature dependence of the conductivity of semiconductors on the basis of copper (I) oxide samples with different levels of oxygen as an impurity. They showed that at higher temperatures the conductivity becomes independent of the impurity content. This refuted the general notion that pure semiconductors without impurities were insulators . Shores Ivanovich Alfjorow quoted these results in his Nobel Prize lecture in 2000 .

On March 2, 1935, Schuse was arrested for spreading false rumors about the murder of Sergei Mironovich Kirov . On March 26, he and his family were exiled to Saratov for five years as a dangerous element for society . There he worked as a lecturer at the University of Saratov (SGU). On November 4, 1937, he was arrested for participating in an anti-Soviet group in Saratov. His case was reviewed at the request of his relatives. He was released on January 28, 1939, while rehabilitation was not decided until 1985. In 1940 he defended his candidate dissertation on the mechanism of action of solid state rectifiers .

During the German-Soviet War , Schuse headed process development for the optimized production of acetylene and methane in an electric arc with the participation of Sergei Eduardowitsch Frisch and other scientists from the University of Leningrad who were evacuated to Saratov , as well as scientists from the SGU and employees from the Saratov plants. In 1941, a special scientific semiconductor laboratory was established under Schuse's direction.

In 1944 Schuse returned to the FTI, which was still being evacuated in Kazan due to the Leningrad blockade and returned with him to Leningrad after the end of the war. In June 1952 he went with Abram Fjodorowitsch Joffe , who had been released from the FTI, to the new semiconductor institute of the AN-SSSR, where Schuse became laboratory manager. Soon his Leningrad residence permit was withdrawn, so that Schuse had to go to Makhachkala in August 1952 . Only after Stalin's death in 1953 and Beria's arrest was Schuse able to return to Leningrad. This was followed by a doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences and an appointment as professor . He headed the laboratory until 1972. In 1985 he received the Joffe Prize for a series of work on the physics of semiconductors

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Электронная библиотека Научное Наследие: Жузе Владимир Пантелеймонович (accessed February 11, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Д.А. Усанов: К100-ЛЕТИЮ ПРОФЕССОРА ВЛАДИМИРА ПАНТЕЛЕЙМОНОВИЧА ЖУЗЕ . In: Известия Саратовского униве. Сер. Фпзнк . tape 5 , no. 1 , 2005, p. 108-109 ( [1] accessed on February 12, 2019 [PDF]).
  3. ↑ Потери науки Памяти Владимира Пантелеймоновича Жузе (1904–1993) . In: Физика Твердого Тела . tape 36 , no. 6 , 1994 ( [2] accessed February 12, 2019).
  4. ↑ RAN: Жузе Владимир Пантелеймонович (accessed February 11, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Schuse, Vladimir Panteleimonovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Жузе, Владимир Пантелеймонович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 14, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Kazan
DATE OF DEATH October 1, 1993