Wolf Benjamin Eibeschütz

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Boxberg Palace

Wolf Benjamin Eibeschütz (born 1740 in Prague ; died November 18, 1806 in Dresden ) was a Kabbalist , adventurer , founder and Saxon court factor .

family

Wolf was the son of Rabbi Jonathan Eybeschütz and his wife Elkele Spira, daughter of Rabbi Isaak Spira (Bohemian land rabbi, died December 26, 1749 in Prague). His eldest sister was married to Mordechai Kasab (ben Isaak Bondi), the younger, Hizel, was married to Moses (Benjamin Wolf) Fränkel in Breslau in 1755. His brothers, Löw (d. 1772), Isaac, Aaron (d. 1829), Nathan Nata (founded the Eibenschützische Synagoge in Dresden, Zahnsgasse 77) and Mordechai (d. 1799) all lived in Dresden for a while. - On May 9th, 1800 he married Amalie (Michla) Bloch (1780-1853), the daughter of the Wroclaw rabbi Moses Fischel Bloch (after the death of Eibeschütz, she married Simon Kremser , the inventor of the public ) in Breslau under the name Wolf Jonas Adlersthal Local public transport). Her children with Eibeschütz were Elkele (born 1801), Sheindel (born 1802) and Matil (born 1803).

Life

He moved with his father to Metz and Altona. As a teenager he came to Vienna, got into bad company and began to lead an adventurous life. At the age of 15 he traveled to Hungary, Podolia and Moravia in Turkish clothes . He pretended to have prophetic visions and played a messiah role, where he knew how to gain an adherence. He met several times with the Sabbatian Jacob Frank . In Moravia, he made friends with the Dobruschka family, which consisted of followers of Jacob Frank. He also met the followers of the sect leader Berukhiah Russo (aka Osman Baba, 1677–1720), whose daughter or granddaughter he married. He competed with Jacob Frank for the leadership position of the Podolian and Moravian Sabbatians. In Brno he used his knowledge of the appearance of Halley's comet (which was first described by Georg Palitzsch in Dresden, where the brothers lived) to amaze his followers with a pillar of fire in the sky and accompanying meteor shower. At the time he was 18 years old. Ezekiel Landau , Chief Rabbi of Prague, issued a letter to Jonathan Eibenschütz about these activities and asked him not to support the son's outrageous activities any longer, as it would cast a huge shadow on him too. Wolf Eibeschütz got into debt, was supposed to be arrested and fled to Altona. The father, instead of rejecting him as requested, published an unfinished work (Krethi uplethi) to pay the son's debts. Wolf returned to Vienna in 1762, where he met the later Austrian ambassador Franz Joseph von Wurmbrand-Stuppach (1737-1806) , whom he then followed to Dresden, and made a fortune. The Saxon government officials, especially Count Joseph von Bolza , came to appreciate him and often conferred with him on state affairs. His official title was "Hoffactor". He owned the Boxberg'sche Palais on Waisenhausstrasse and a country house with a garden in Briesnitz , which he called "Haus Priesnitz" (sic!). With this "country estate" he applied to the emperor for a baron title, which he was also granted. However, since he refused to renounce the Jewish faith, the title was taken from him again, which his friends in Dresden ignored and still dubbed him Baron Adlersthal. During the great cold in January 1784, the Dresden chronicler Johann Christian Hasche praised his willingness to donate to the Jewish and Christian poor.

After the death of his brother Mordechai, he again approached the Jewish community. He restored the synagogue donated by his brother and financed the services.

literature

  • Hasche: Magazine of Saxon History. First part, Dresden 1784, p. 38.
  • Daniel Ehrmann: A legend from the last century. In: Sippurim. Volume 4, Prague 1853, ed. by Wolf Pascheles , digitized
  • Gutmann Klemperer : Rabbi Jonathan Eibenschütz. ed. by Wolf Pascheles, Prague / Leipzig 1858, digitized
  • Bernhard Brilling: EIBENSCHÜTZIANA (The two editions of the Toledoth Bne Jehonathan in their relation to the polemic about R. Jonathan Eibenschütz.). In: Hebrew Union College Annual. Volume 34, 1963, pp. 217-228. JSTOR 23506560 .
  • Bernhard Brilling: EIBENSCHÜTZIANA (The 'Baptism' And The Baron Title Des Wolf Eibenschütz.) (Continued). In: Hebrew Union College Annual. Volume 36, 1965, pp. 261-279. JSTOR 23506576 .
  • Dr. Bernhard Beer from Dresden: Toledoth Bne Jehonathan. Prague 1857.
  • Pawel Maciejko: The Mixed Multitude: Jacob Frank and the Frankist Movement, 1755-1816. Philadelphia 2011, p. 199 ff.
  • Michael L. Miller, Scott Ury: Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism and the Jews of East Central Europe. Routledge 2015.
  • The Coat of Arms of Wolf Eibeschütz, Jewish Thought. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, lecture at the 17th World Congress of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem 2017. [1]
  • Pawel Maciejko: Dobruschka-Schönfeld Family. Jews in Eastern Europe.
  • Joachim Albrecht: The controversial stay of the Jews in Linckeschen Bad to Dresden around 1800. In: Medaon - magazine for Jewish life in research and education. 4th year, 2010, No. 7, pp. 1–6, online at http://medaon.de/pdf/M_Albrecht-7-2010.pdf [24. January 2020].
  • Daniela Wittig: The list of those resting in the Israelite cemetery in Dresden from 1852: evaluation and results. In: Medaon - magazine for Jewish life in research and education. Volume 9, 2015, No. 16, pp. 1-67, online [accessed April 14, 2020]. - Grave no. [824] 24/02, Baron Eibeschütz
  • Paweł Maciejko: A Portrait of the Kabbalist as a Young Man: Count Joseph Carl Emmanuel Waldstein and His Retinue. In: Jewish Quarterly Review. Volume 106, No. 4, Fall 2016, University of Pennsylvania Press Project MUSE [accessed May 28, 2020]
  • From the turkey - Wolf Eibeschütz's coat of arms was a turkey.
  • Hatikva e. V .: City map "Jewish Dresden".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Woldemar Lippert : Empress Maria Theresia and Electress Maria Antonia of Saxony. Introduction, S. CL
  2. ↑ Friedrich Christian August Hasse: Dresden and the surrounding area, to Elsterwerda, Bautzen, Tetschen, Hubertsburg, Freyburg, Töplitz and Rumburg: a sketched representation for nature and art lovers; In addition to a floor plan of the city and a travel map through the same area. Arnold 1801, 410, digitized
  3. ^ Karl Wilhelm Daßdorf : Description of the most excellent peculiarities of the electoral residence city of Dresden and some of its surrounding areas. Dresden 1782, p. 717 digitized
personal data
SURNAME Eibeschütz, Wolf Benjamin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Kabbalist, adventurer, founder and court factor
DATE OF BIRTH 1740
PLACE OF BIRTH Prague
DATE OF DEATH November 18, 1806
Place of death Dresden