Yariri

The regent Yariri (r.) And his protégé Kamani (l.) On a relief from Karkemiš

Yariri (hieroglyphic Luwish ia + ra / i-ri + i-i-sa or i-ara / i-ri + sá ) ruled in the early to mid-8th century BC. In Karkemiš , possibly around 790 BC Around. He carried the titles of ruler and prince . It is not entirely clear whether he was a Luwian , as his name recalls names of Syrian origin in Kaneš's texts .

Under Aštiruwa's government

It seems that Yariri already played an important role under King Astiruva's reign, perhaps as a vizier . In any case, Astiruwa seems to have made him regent for his son Kamani before his death . In addition, Yariri may have been a eunuch and was therefore unable to father an heir to the throne of his own. What is certain is that he learned numerous foreign languages ​​and other skills on the orders of the king.

Yariri's reign

The younger children of King Astiruwa on a relief from Karkemiš

After Astiruwa's death, Yariri was regent for the underage son of King Astiruwa, Kamani, as well as tutor to the Crown Prince and his siblings. Therefore, Yariri called himself in his Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions "Subject of Astiruwa" and also officially announced that Kamani would be his successor. During his reign he tried to give Karkemiš a high international status. Relations with other countries were largely peaceful in his time and there were likely close trade ties with Assyria . In Karkemiš, too, there were stable, peaceful and cosmopolitan conditions that made high prosperity possible. Yariri is known to fund irrigation projects and other construction projects. Sculpture also achieved a high quality during Yariri's reign.

Under Kamani's government

It is not known whether Yariri ruled until his death or whether Kamani left the throne when he came of age. In any case, the change in government seems to have been peaceful.

Foreign language skills and international contacts

Yariri is best known for his extensive foreign language skills and international contacts, which he had already gained on behalf of Aštiruwa. In an inscription, he boasts of having mastered twelve languages ​​and several scripts. He was able to use the following scripts, the associated languages ​​of which he will certainly have mastered:

• the urban script ( Luwian hieroglyphs )
• the Suraean (possibly Urartian script) or the Zuraean script (the latter reading variant would mean: script from Tire = Phoenician script )
• the Assyrian script
• the signature of Taimani (possibly the Aramäerstamm the Temaniten)

The international contacts of the Yariri extended to the following countries and peoples:

• Mizra ( Egypt )
• Musa ( Lyder )
• Muska ( Phrygians )
• Sura ( Urartu , Phenicia or Tabal )
• * 475- la ( Babylonia or Urartu (reading unclear))
• Assyria (reading unclear)

Family tree House of Astiruwa

The succession of rulers is marked with bold numbers. The corresponding ranks and titles are shown in italics . Unclear relationships are shown with broken lines. More detailed information on such unclear relationships is explained under "Notes". People with an unclear or controversial classification in the family tree can appear several times, but are then indicated by a bold and italic question mark (?) Directly after the name. The person covered in this article is shown in BOLD CAPITALS .

Astiruwa King 1

Yariri Vizier Regent 2nd

Kamani King 3.

other sons: Malitispa, Astitarhunza, Tarnitispa, Isikaritispa, Sikara, Halpawari, Yahilatispa

Tuwarsai ? 1

Tuwarsai ? 1

Tuwarsai ? 1

Sastura 2 vizier king? 4th

Son of Sastura 3 king = Astiru II.? = Pisiri ? 5.

Pisiri 3 King 6.

Remarks:

¹ : For Tuwarsai, the exact position in the family tree is somewhat unclear. He could be both the son of Astiruwa and the son of Kamani, which in the latter case would make him a grandson of Astiruwa. However, there is also the possibility that Tuwarsai by no means belongs to the house of Astiruwa, but is the son of the regent Yariri.

² : The fact that the son of Sastura is the next undoubtedly documented king of Karkemiš after Kamani makes it likely that Sastura himself also belongs to the house of Astiruwa. The most likely explanations are that Sastura is an adopted son, son-in-law, or nephew of Kamani. All three possibilities would bring him into the dynastic line.

³ : The name of the son of Sastura is not recorded. Therefore, several possibilities of its identity are considered. One possibility is that the son of Sastura is identical to the Pisiri of the Assyrian sources. The other possibility is that the son of Sastura corresponds to an Astiru II, hypothetically reconstructed from a fragmentary inscription, which is then probably not identical with Pisiri. That would then mean that Pisiri is a successor to Astiru II, perhaps the immediate successor.

literature

• Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-921872-1
• Maciej Popko : Peoples and Languages ​​of Old Anatolia . Harrassowitz Verlag: Wiesbaden 2008. ISBN 978-3-447-05708-0
• Christian Marek , Peter Frei : History of Asia Minor in Antiquity . Verlag CH Beck: Munich 2010. ISBN 978-3-406-59853-1
• Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions . Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2012, ISBN 978-1-58983-269-5
• Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . De Gruyter, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-022225-8

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions . Atlanta 2012, p. 82.
2. ↑ Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions . Atlanta 2012, p. 85.
3. ^ Trevor Bryce : The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 302.
4. ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archeology of Performance . Berlin 2011, p. 135.
5. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 94.
6. ^ Maciej Popko: Peoples and Languages ​​of Old Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2008, p. 81.
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 95.
8. ^ Christian Marek, Peter Frei: History of Asia Minor in antiquity . Munich 2010, p. 803.
9. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 96.
10. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 97.
11. ↑ Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions . Atlanta 2012, p. 86 f.
12. ^ ^{A b} Maciej Popko: Peoples and Languages ​​of Old Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2008, p. 21.
13. ↑ Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions . Atlanta 2012, p. 84.
14. ↑ Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions . Atlanta 2012, p. 83.
15. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 95-96.
16. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 94-98, 302.
17. ^ John David Hawkins (1979): Some Historical Problems of the Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions . In: Anatolian Studies 29, pp. 159, 162.
18. ^ John David Hawkins (1982): Kubaba at Karkamiš and Elsewhere . In: Anatolian Studies 31, p. 159.
19. ^ John David Hawkins: Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions: Inscriptions of the Iron Age, Volume 1 . Berlin 2000, p. 129.
20. ^ Elisabeth Rieken (2003): Hieroglyphs-Luwisch zí + ra / i-la-mi-i ("SCALPRUM.ARGENTUM") su-ha-pa-na-ti: a compound and a new Luwian-Latin isogloss . In: Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics 116 (1), p. 48 f.

predecessor	Office	successor
Astiruwa	Regent of Karkemiš early to mid-8th century BC BC / around 790 BC Chr.	Kamani