Gönlung Champa Ling

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Tibetan name
Tibetan script :
དགོན་ ལུང་ བྱམས་ པ་ གླིང
Wylie transliteration :
dgon lung byams pa gling
THDL transcription :
Gönlung Jampaling
Chinese name
Simplified :
佑宁 寺
Pinyin :
Yòunìng sì

The Monguor Monastery Gönlung Champa Ling ( Tib . : dgon lung byams pa gling ; Chinese  佑宁 寺 , Pinyin Yòunìng sì ) is one of the four great Gelugpa monasteries in the historic Amdo region . It is located in today's Huzhu Autonomous County of the Tu of the Mongour in the Chinese province of Qinghai and is a monastic center of the Mongour.

History of the monastery

Gönlung Champa Ling was initiated by the 4th Dalai Lama Yönten Gyatsho (1589–1616) and the 1st Penchen Lobsang Chökyi Gyeltshen (1570–1662) in 1604 by Gyelse Dönyö Chökyi Gyatsho (Tib .: rgyal sras don yod chos kyi rgya mtsho ; * 16th century) from the monastery Dagpo Dratshang ( dwags po grwa tshang ). The aim of founding the monastery was to spread the Buddhism of the Gelug school in this part of Amdo populated by Mongour.

The core of the monastery was its epistemological department (tib .: mtshan nyid grva tshang ), which was called Ganden Champa Ling (tib .: dga 'ldan byam pa gling ). It was considered the best logic school in all of Amdo.

One of the important abbots of Gönlung Champa Ling, Dragpa Öser (Tib .: grags pa 'od zer ;? –1641), who headed the monastery from 1630 to 1633, was regarded as the first historical figure in the series of incarnations known as Cangkya Qutuqtu . His rebirths were the most important Buddhist chaplains of the Manchurian emperors of the Qing dynasty . Gönlung Champa Ling remained the ancestral monastery of these important incarnations of Tibetan Buddhism.

In 1723 there was an uprising of the Qoshoten of the Kokonor area under the Mongolian prince Lobsang Tendzin (Tib .: blo bzang bstan 'dzin ), a grandson of Gushri Khan . This uprising had the goal of throwing off the Sino-Manchurian supremacy. However, the uprising was put down within a year by the Chinese general Nian Gengyao , with some monasteries in the Kokonor area being destroyed. While the 2nd Cangkya Qutuqtu, who stayed in Gönlung Champa Ling for training as a child, was able to escape from the monastery with some other monks in time, the monastery itself was destroyed by the troops of General Nian Gengyao. It was rebuilt in 1732.

Five major incarnation series

The first abbot of the monastery was the 7th Gyelse Rinpoche ( rgyal sras ), the abbot from the monastery Dagpo Dratshang ( dwags po grwa tshang ) from Dagpo . There are five major incarnations in the monastery

  • Cangkya ( lcang skya ; Chinese Zhangjia 章嘉),
  • Thuken ( thu'u bkwan , Chinese Tuguan 土 观),
  • Sumpa ( sum pa ; Chinese Songba 松巴 or Songbu 松布),
  • Chusang ( chu bzang ; Chin. Quezang 却 藏 / 卻 藏) and
  • (Chin.) Wangjia ( wa kywa (?); Chin. Wangjia 王嘉 or Wangfo 王佛).

All five were given the Kuutuktu (Tib .: ho thog thu ) title during the Qing Dynasty , of which the Cangkya ( lcang skya ) and Thuken ( thu'u bkwan ) Kuutuktus resided in Beijing .

Monastery departments

In addition to its epistemological study department, the monastery also comprised three further ("faculties") for tantra, astronomy and medicine as well as 14 lama residences, including:

  • 1. Cangkya Ladrang (Tib .: lcang skya bla brang ), lama residence of the Cangkya Hutuktu
  • 2. Thukan Ladrang Trashi Öbar (Tib .: thu'u bkwan bla brang bkra shis 'od' bar ), lama residence of Thukan Hutuktu
  • 3. Sumpa Ladrang (Tib .: sum pa bla brang ), lama residence of Sumpa Hutuktu
  • 4. Degu Ladrang (Tib .: bde rgu bla brang ), lama residence of Degu Hutuktu
  • 5. Dowa Ladrang (Tib .: rdo ba bla brang ), lama residence of Dowa Hutuktu
  • 6. Khyungtsha Ladrang (Tib .: khyung tsha bla brang ), lama residence of Khyungtsha Hutuktu
  • 7. Likya Ladrang (Tib .: li kya bla brang ), lama residence of Likya Hutuktu

Abbots from 1609 to 1775

Source:

  • 0. Rgyal sras III (?) Don yod chos kyi rgya mtsho
  • 1. Sum pa Slob dpon Dam chos rgya mthso (1609-1612)
  • 2. Ka ring Dka 'bcu pa Phun tshogs rnam rgyal (1612–1617)
  • 3. Lhab Chos rje Bkra shis phun tshogs (1617–1621)
  • 4. Sum pa Slob dpon Dam chos rgya mtsho (2.x) (1621-27)
  • 5. 'Jam pa Chos rje Chos rgya mtsho (1627-1630)
  • 6. Lcang skya Chos rje Grags pa 'od zer (1630–1633)
  • 7. Sum pa Slob dpon Chung ba Dam chos rgyal mtshan (d. 1651; 1633–1637)
  • 8. 'Dan ma Grub chen Tshul khrims rgya mtsho (1637–1639)
  • 9. Chu bzang I Rnam rgyal dpal 'byor (1578–1651; 1639–1648)
  • 10. Btsan po pa Don grub rgya mtsho (1648–1650)
  • 11. Bsam 'grub sgang pa Blo bzang ngag gi dbang po (1650–1651)
  • 12. Ha gdong Don yod rgyal mtshan (1651-1653)
  • 13. 'Dan chung bkra shis' od zer (d. 1615; 1653–1656)
  • 14. Thar po chos rje Bkra shis rgyal mtshan (1657–1661)
  • 15. Lu'u kya chos rje Don yod chos grags (1661–1665)
  • 16. Bde rgu che ba Dpal ldan rgya mtsho (1665–1672)
  • 17. Thu'u bkwan I Blo bzang rab brtan (1672–1675)
  • 18. Li kya Dpon slob Blo bzang rgyal mtshan (1675–1680)
  • 19. Chu bzang II Blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan (1680–1688)
  • 20. Lcang skya I Ngag dbang blo bzang chos ldan (1642–1714; 1688–1690)
  • 21. Rdo ba Rab 'byams pa Dpal ldan rgya mtsho (1690–93)
  • 22. Byang chub sems dpa 'Sbyor lam pa Kun dga' rgyal mtshan (alias Bde rgu Chung ba) (1693–1701)
  • 23rd position Zhabs drung Blo bzang bstan pa chos kyi nyi ma (1701–1704)
  • 24. Thu'u bkwan II Ngag dbang chos kyi nyi ma (1680–1736; 1704–1712)
  • 25. Chu bzang II Blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan (2.x) (1712–1723)
  • 26. 'Dan ma Grub chen II Ngag dbang bstan' dzin 'phrin las (1723–1724)
  • 27. Sum pa Chos rje Phun tshogs rnam rgyal (1729–1734)
  • 28. Wang Chos rje grags pa dpal 'byor (1734–1737)
  • 29. Khyung tsha Zhabs drung Ngag dbang dbang rgyal (1737–1740)
  • 30. Bde dgu III Ngag dbang dge legs rgya mtsho (1740–1743)
  • 31. Rgya tig Rab 'byams pa Blo bzang don grub (1743–1746)
  • 32. Sum pa mKhan po Ye shes dpal 'byor (1704-1788; 1746-1749)
  • 33. Chu bzang III (?) Ngag dbang thub bstan dbang phyug (1749–1754)
  • 34. Li kya zhabs drung II Phun tshogs grags pa bstan 'dzin (1754–1756)
  • 35. Sum pa Mkhan po Ye shes dpal 'byor (2.x) (1756–1761)
  • 36. Thu'u bkwan III Blo bzang chos kyi nyi ma (1761–1762 / 3)
  • 37. 'Jam dbyangs bzhad pa II Dkon mchog' jigs med dbang po (1728–1791; 1763)
  • 38. Lcang skya II Rol pa'i rdo rje (1717–1786; 1763 / 64–1769 / 70)
  • 39.Ser lding zhabs drung Ngag dbang chos ldan (1770)
  • 40. Thu'u bkwan III Blo bzang chos kyi nyi ma (1771-?)
  • 41. Rdo ba Zhabs drung Ngag dbang grags pa rnam rgyal (1775)

monument

The monastery has been on the Qinghai Province Monuments List since 2004 . It has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China since 2013 .

literature

reference books

  • Cihai ("Sea of ​​Words"), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5

Web links

Chinese web links

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ Chinese Dabo Zhacang si 达波 扎仓 寺
  2. ↑ Chinese Jiase huofo 嘉 色 活佛
  3. ↑ In Chinese under the collective term of the five major Ang / Nang (Chinese wu da ang五大 昂 or wu da nang五大 囊 (huofo xitong 活佛 系统)). Originally there were over twenty incarnation series, in addition to the five big ones (“wa da ang huofo” 五大 昂 活佛) there were also nine small ones (“jiu xiao ang huofo” 九 小 昂 活佛), see xnyts.com: Huzhu Youning si - found on July 12, 2010 (with listings)
  4. ↑ or Sumpa Khenpo ( sum pa mkhan po )
  5. ↑ Gruschke 2001, vol. 1, p. 35f.
  6. ^ Name (in the transcription after Wylie ), life and terms of office after E. Gene Smith, p. 159 ff., Which is based on Thuken Lobsang Chökyi Nyima . There with short biographies.
Gönlung Champa Ling (alternative names of the lemma)
dgon lung dgon pa, Guolong si 郭 隆 寺, Guolong Jiangba lin 郭 隆 降 巴林; Gonlung Jampaling Monastery, 郭 隆 弥勒 洲 寺, 贡 龙 寺, Gönlung Jampa Ling

Coordinates: 36 ° 45 ′ 35 "  N , 102 ° 10 ′ 33"  E