Yuz Asaf

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Yuz Asaf (also: Yus Asaph , Yuza asif , Yuza Asif , Shahzada Nabi Hazrat Yura Asaf or Yuza Asaf ) was a saint in north Indian Srinagar , the Indologists with the legend of Barlaam and Josaphat , the Islamic group of Ahmadiyya but with Jesus of Nazareth identified. According to the Ahmadis' belief, Jesus survived the crucifixion by Roman soldiers and, after recovering, emigrated to Kashmir , where he reached a very old age and was buried in Srinagar.

etymology

According to the professor Bhajan Noam , the inscription Youza Asouph on a plaque on his grave ( Roza Bal ) literally means "son of Joseph". According to the author Isabel Scharrer , son of Joseph is a term for Yus Asaf in various books .

Isabel Scharrer also refers to the mention of the name Yus Asaf in two large, ancient books that are written in the Urdu language, but where it means, for example, " Guide (Yuz) of the healed " (Asaf = cleansed, healed ).

In his essay "Mirza Ghulam Ahmad von Qadian. Life, Mission, Message and Success of the Promised Messiah and Mahdi of Islam" (1991, Frankfurt a. M.) Iain Anderson translates Yuz Asaf with "Jesus, the Assembly" .

Siddhartha, from Būdāsaf to Yūzāsaf

In Arabic and Persian versions of the legend of Barlaam and Josaphat , the name of Prince Siddhartha Gautama varies from Būdāsaf to Yūdāsaf to Yūzāsaf. In the Kamal-ud-din of Ibn Bābūya (g. 962), Būdāsaf (Josaphat) occurs as "Yūdāsaf". In the writings of the Lauteren Brothers of Basra, the Ikhwan al-Safa (1405), Siddhartha-Josaphat appears as Yūzāsaf.

In Fida Hassnain's translation of the legend of Barlaam and Josaphat , which follows Ghulam Ahmad's translation, the word Yuzasaf is split into two words: Yuz Asaf . According to Ghulam Ahmad's (1835–1908) conviction, Prince Siddhartha Gauthama, who appears in the legend, is identical to Jesus of Nazareth.

Yuzasaf is derived from the Sanskrit word Bodhisattva . This word was changed to Bodisav in 6th or 7th century Persian texts . In an Arabic document of the 8th century, the name eventually varied to Budhasaf and Yudasaf . The Arabic spelling for "b" (ﺑ) changes to "y" (ﻳ) with an additional dot .

David Marshall Lang points out in an essay (1960) that the connection of the Buddhist Yuzasaf with Kashmir is partly due to a printing error in the Arabic version of Baalham and Josaphat of Mumbay , in which Kashmir (Arabic: كشمير) replaces Buddha's traditional place of death Kushinagar ( Pali : كوشينر) is called.

Different theories about Jesus in Kashmir

The theory of the death of Jesus (Yuz Asaf) in Kashmir was represented by the founder of the Ahmadiyya, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , in his work Massih Hindustan Mein i. e. Jesus in India since 1891. Based on oral traditions of the Kashmiri, Yuz Asaf ( Jesus the Assembly ) is said to be Jesus of Nazareth, who fled to Srinagar in Kashmir , where he lived until his death at the age of 120 have.

Yuz Asaf or Jusu (Jesus) in Asian histories

Tibetan, Persian and Sanskrit writings by the local historians have in part been told in detail about Jesus, who traveled under the name Jusu or Yuz Asaf as a member of caravans from Palestine to India (first trip) or after the crucifixion and his rescue from the cross to Kashmir ( second trip), reported.

Stories about Jesus' travels probably originated because the root of the Hebrew word Messiah ("anointed") is missing in Arabic and there this title was interpreted as a traveler . Also, Jesus (Middle and Modern Greek “Isus”) only became “ isa ” in Arabic , the identification with “Aisch”, “Yuz” or the like probably came from Mirza Ghulam Ahmad .

Geographical names with Jesus

Local place names would also testify to Jesus in Kashmir, who is also known in local languages ​​as "Isa" or "Issa" or "Aisha". At the entrance to Kashmir, for example, there is a Jesus meadow " Yusmarg " or the Aishmuqam monastery (Aish = Jesus, muqam = place).

Other names in Kashmir that would refer to Jesus (Yuz Asaf) are all compositions with "Issa", "Aish" or "Yusu": Issa-Brari, Issa-eil, Issa-Kush, Issa Mati, Issa- Ta, Aish Muqam, Yusu-gam, Yusu-hatpura, Yusu-kun and others.

Postulated tomb of Jesus in Srinagar

The "tomb of the prophet"

The tomb “Roza Bal” is on Khanyar Street in the old town. I.a. according to the Sufi and historian Fida Hassnain, Jesus is buried there. It consists of a low-lying rectangular building with a raised platform that is surrounded on the front with railings. The house has three arches at the front, where the entrance is, and four arches on the side. In a wooden box you can see into the grave through a window. Depressions carved in the grave slab are interpreted as images of large scars that are said to have come from a crucifixion. According to Jewish tradition, the grave is oriented from east to west.

The tomb was guarded by members of the Ahmadiyya family. This family, who belong to the Muslim faith, claims that they are the descendants of Yuz Asaf. However, as tensions arose between the family and the authorities or the local imam due to numerous inquiries and inquiries by foreigners, the grave was given to a Muslim association.

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad also believes that Yuz Asaf is buried in the Muslim Rozabal Shrine , which is located in the Mohala Kan Yar district of Srinagar . It is claimed that a man who was both a prince and a prophet is buried in the tomb (around 100).

In Buddhist records there is talk of a tomb of a bodhisattva , who is said to be the fifth rebirth of the Buddha . His teachings have often been compared to those of Jesus, and he is said to have influenced late Buddhism.

Contemporary commentary

The view that Yuz Asaf (Jesus) was in Kashmir was also taken up by supporters of the New Age movement.

Proponents of the theory point to the text of Tarikh-i-Kashmir by Khwaja Hassan Malik from the 17th century, in which it is reported that Yuz Asaf came to Kashmir in 78. However, the entry has now become illegible.

Parallels

The historian Johannes Fried also assumes that Jesus survived the crucifixion , but argues that he first fled to Egypt and later returned to Jerusalem around the year 52. The movement associated with him lived on in the Nazarene group .

Tomb of Mary in Pakistan

It is said that the tomb of Saint Mary , mother of Jesus, is located in Murree , Pakistan . Murree is so close to Kashmir that you can see from one point in the mountains from Murree all the way to Kashmir. In Lahore , near Murree in Pakistan, there is also the monastery of Jesus and Mary , founded in 1876 , which goes back to a community founded by Claudine Thévenet . The apostle Thomas is said to have found his way to today's Pakistan as a guest of King Gondophares .

literature

Representing the identity of Yuz Asaf with Jesus

  • Mirza Ghulam Ahmad: Jesus in India online version ( Memento from January 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  • Nicolas Notovitch : The Unknown Life of Jesus Christ , Leaves of Healing Publications (1990), ISBN 0-9602850-1-6 (reprint of the 1890s edition)
  • Andreas Faber-Kaiser : Jesus died in Kashmir: Jesus, Moses and the ten lost tribes of Israel . Gordon & Cremonesi, 1977, ISBN 0-86033-041-9 ; German translation: Jesus died in Kashmir . Ullstein, 1998, ISBN 978-3-548-35785-0 ;
  • Holger Kersten : Jesus lived in India - His secret life before and after the crucifixion , Ullstein, Berlin 1998 (1st edition 1981), ISBN 3-548-35490-4
  • Gene Matloc: Jesus and Moses Are Buried in India, Birthplace of Abraham and the Hebrews . 1991 ISBN 0-595-12771-1
  • Khwaja Nazir Ahmad: Jesus in Heaven on Earth: Journey of Jesus to Kashmir, His Preaching to the Lost Tribes of Israel, and Death and Burial in Srinagar , Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat, 1999, ISBN 0-913321-60-5
  • Abubakr Ben Ishmael Salahuddin: Saving the Savior: Did Christ Survive the Crucifixion? , Jammu Pr; 1st Pbk edition 2001, ISBN 0-9708280-1-2
  • Suzanne Olsson: Jesus in Kashmir The Lost Tomb , Gateway Books, 2019, ISBN 978-0-578-49626-9 .
  • JR Cock: Order of Golgotha , 2012
  • Siegfried Obermeier: Did Jesus die in Kashmir? , The secret of his life and work in India, Econ, Düsseldorf, 1983, ISBN 3-442-12359-3
  • Mirza Muzaffar Ahmad: (* 1913 in Qadian , Punjab , India): The Lost Tribes of Israel online version (1978 presented at the International Conference on Deliverance of Jesus from Cross at the Commonwealth Institute , London ; 1991 published in: The Muslim Sunrise )

fiction

criticism

  • Paul C. Pappas: Jesus' Tomb in India: The Debate on His Death and Resurrection , Asian Humanities Press (September 1, 1991), ISBN 0-89581-946-5 (concludes that Yuz Asaf was not Jesus)
  • Hugh Schonfield: The Essene Odyssey , Element Books Ltd (1993), ISBN 0-906540-63-1 (argues that Yuz Asaf was an Essenian teacher but not Jesus)
  • Salcia Landmann : Jesus did not die in Kashmir: without death on the cross no Christianity . Herbig, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-7766-1963-5
  • Günter Grönbold: Jesus in India - the end of a legend . Kösel, Munich 1985

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Good News: No Crucifixion! - mein.yoga-vidya.de - Yoga forum and community. Retrieved June 6, 2020 .
  2. ↑ The Roza Bal Shrine in Kashmir: The Tomb of Jesus or Just a Myth? - Idealism prevails. Retrieved June 6, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Iain Anderson: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian: Life, Mission, Message and Success of the Promised Messiah and Mahdi of Islam . Verl. Der Islam , Frankfurt 1991, ISBN 3-921458-72-2 (199 pages, original title: The life, work, and ideas of the promised messiah of Islam . Translated by Rabia Heike Lutzin, Khadija Ahmad-Koopmann).
  4. ↑ Jan Olof Rosenqvist The Byzantine Literature: From the 6th Century Until the Fall ... 2012 Page 43 “Shortly afterwards he meets the monk Barlaam (which corresponds to the Arabic name Bilawar), who gave him the ... If you now consider the Greek word formation for foreign words considers the shape would be Budasaf instead. "
  5. ↑ Robert Volk Historia animae utilis de Barlaam et Ioasaph (spuria): Introduction, p. 156. Kamal-ud-din of Ibn Bābūya is printed in lithography process ... Asaf derive; “Since› Ischu`a ‹is the Arabic-Christian name for Jesus, Ghulam Ahmad's conclusion confirms the identity of Jesus and Yuz Asaf. ... But Ghulām Ahmad seems to have carried out a manipulation from Yūdāsaf to Yūzāsaf quite independently, and it is extremely important for him: The grave in Srinagar has been mentioned for centuries as that of Yūzāsaf (not of Yūdāsaf) ... in the tracts of the louder brothers' ( Rasā'il Ih ̆wān as-Safā '), a philosophical-encyclopedic work of the 10th century. "
  6. ↑ Ahmadiyya Congregation in Germany: The Successor of the Promised Messiah - Qantara.de. Retrieved June 8, 2020 .
  7. ↑ 'Barlaam and Josaphat'. Retrieved June 8, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Rita Kuonen: Islam reformed Christianity: What Christians can learn from Muslims . Books on Demand, 2018, ISBN 978-3-7431-0433-4 ( google.de [accessed June 8, 2020]).
  9. ↑ TheIndianTrip: Top things to do in Srinagar - Roza Bal. Retrieved June 5, 2020 .
  10. ↑ a b c Michael Fischer: Refuge for Jesus (manuscript audio contribution). In: Deutschlandradio Kultur. Deutschlandradio, March 25, 2005, accessed on July 1, 2019 (German).
  11. ↑ Picture gallery ( Memento from September 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Johannes Fried on "No Death on Golgotha" - Did Jesus survive the crucifixion? In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur. Deutschlandradio, accessed on June 28, 2019 (German).
  13. ↑ The surviving Jesus? - “No death on Golgotha”. In: Deutschlandfunk. Deutschlandradio, accessed on June 28, 2019 (German).
  14. ^ Murree Shrine of "Mary's Grave": University of Dayton, Ohio. Retrieved July 23, 2020 .
  15. ↑ fascination pakistan: Murree - Did the Virgin Mary come to Pakistan? In: Fascination Pakistan. July 10, 2018, accessed on July 25, 2020 (German).