Zarz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sorica in the Upper Carniola

Zarz (Slovenian Sorica ) is the name of a former German- speaking island in a remote area of ​​the Julian Alps ( Upper Carniola , Slovenia ).

geography

The language island comprised the villages of Unterzarz ( Spodnja Sorica ) and Oberzarz ( Zgornja Sorica , approx. 880 m above sea level) on the upper reaches of the Selzacher Zeier (Selška Sora), Deutschgereuth and Deutsch Gereuth ( Nemški Rovt ) in Wochein , which are located in the headwaters of the Save lie, as well as Deutschruth (Deutschrut, Slovenian Rut , formerly Nemški Rut, 676 m) on the Fetsche (Bača or Baška grapa), a tributary of the Sontig (Soča).

History of the language island

Ruth in the Upper Carniola

Historically, the area of ​​Sorica (Latin Offitum Zaevritz) began to develop in the early Middle Ages, under Bavarian Freising. The German Emperor Oton II donated a large part of the territory in Carniola to Bishop Abraham von Freising in 973. A few centuries earlier, the bishops of Freising had also received the area of ​​the upper part of the Hochpustertal in Tyrol. Duke of Bavaria Tasilo III. had in the year 769 given the bishop Aton von Freising (then Aton von Scharnitz) the right over the area between Gesiesrebach and Erlbach to establish a Benedictine monastery in the city of Innichen (it. San Candido). Because the San Candido area was still largely uninhabited at that time, the Bavarian bishops were the first to systematically promote the settlement.

Because of the population growth, Bishop Emiho von Freising gave the settlers of Innichen new land on the territory of Zarz at the end of the 13th century (exactly in 1283). A land register drawing in the medieval land register books by Bischoflack from 1291 shows the establishment of 20 new farms in Zarz (called Zu Nidern at that time) and in the village of Danje (de. Niderhueben). Other Urbarium books from the years 1318, 1492 and 1501 also show the settlement of other villages in the Zarz area: Im Tall, Oberhueben, Zum Troy, Vndern Hohenegkh, Am Thoregkh, Im Ebendlein, Am Prietagkh and Mihelstall (Stuben).

The settlement of the area by Bavarian- speaking farmers from the Hochpustertal around Innichen ( Tyrol ) took place around 1200, more than a hundred years before the settlement of the Gottschee . This was due to the fact that the Bishop of Freising had possessions both in the Hochpustertal and in the area of Bischoflack . The surrounding areas were and remained almost entirely Slovene-speaking .

An ancient Pustertal dialect was spoken in Zarz until the first half of the 20th century . Despite the official German language in Austria, the use of German in Zarz declined in the course of the 19th century due to the growing ties with the Slovene-speaking environment. The 1918 census, still in Austria-Hungary, showed Zarz to be purely Slovene. In 1941 it was reported from Huben ( Spodnje Danje ) that a mixed language with German vocabulary and Slovenian grammar was still spoken. 80% of the vocabulary is said to have been “Altpustertaler Gut”.

As Slovenian was already spoken by all residents of Zarz in 1945, they were not affected by the expulsion of the German minority as part of the AVNOJ resolutions . German mountain names (Altemaver, Tonderškofel, Kogel) and other geographical names (e.g. Driselpoh) are still in use today, as are house and family names.

personality

  • Ivan Grohar : The famous impressionist painter was born in Unterzarz (Spodnja Sorica) in 1867.

literature

  • Primus Lessiak : The German dialect of Zarz in Upper Carniola. Hermann Böhlaus successor publisher, Weimar 1944.
  • Wilhelm Baum : Germans and Slovenes in Carniola. A historical consideration. Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1981, ISBN 3-85378-184-5 .
  • Eberhard Kranzmayer : Dictionary of the German language island dialect of Zarz / Sorica and Deutsch-rut / Rut in Yugoslavia (= archive for patriotic history and topography 68, ISSN  0003-9462 ). Edited by Maria Hornung and Alfred Ogris. History Association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1983.
  • Gerhard Pilgram , Wilhelm Berger, Gerhard Maurer: The long search. On foot from Carinthia to Trieste. A hiking-travel-reading book. Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 2006, ISBN 3-85378-594-8 , chapter: Baška grapa: Behind the seven mountains .

Miha Markelj: Višinska kolonizacija zgornjega dela Selške doline: Primer razvoja posestne in populacijska strukture tirolske naselitve iz konca 13th Faculty za humanitične študije Koper, Univerza na Primorskem, Koper 2019.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Deutschgereuth - Cadastre Austria@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.gov.si
  2. ↑ Bischoflack and Idria (1912) - KuK Military Geographic Institute - 1:75 000 - ZONE 21 - KOL X
  3. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Deutschruth - Cadastre Austria, 1822@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.gov.si
  4. ↑ Lessiak gives as an example sentence : Je for fir pa žekš bochn šterbou. “He died four or six weeks ago” (Lessiak 1944, p. 219).
  5. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Lage - Geopedia@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / v1.geopedia.si
  6. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Schlucht Driselpoh on Geopedia@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / v1.geopedia.si

Coordinates: 46 ° 13 ′ 4.7 ″  N , 14 ° 1 ′ 59 ″  E