Perm colliery
| Perm colliery | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Georgs-Marien-Bergwerks- und Hüttenverein | ||
| End of operation | 1921 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Iron ore / calamine / lead ore / zinc ore | ||
| Degradation of | Calamine | ||
| Degradation of | Lead ore | ||
| Degradation of | Zinc ore | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 15 '48 " N , 7 ° 50' 3" E | ||
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| Location | Laggenbeck, Velpe, Mettingen | ||
| local community | Ibbenbueren, Mettingen, Westerkappeln | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Steinfurt | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ibbenbüren coal field | ||
The Perm colliery was an ore mine near the mining town of Ibbenbüren in the Tecklenburger Land . Ore mining first started in the 16th century and lasted until 1921. From 1936 to 1941 mining revived as part of the Third Reich's striving for self-sufficiency . The individual mines were consolidated from 1880 to 1901 by the Georgs-Marien-Bergwerks- und Hüttenverein , from which the "Perm colliery" emerged.
Geology of the deposits
The ore deposits at Sheep Mountain in the Zechstein of Perm stored. Hence the name of the Perm colliery. In the course of time this rock came to great depth. From the Mesozoic to the Tertiary , the rock was lifted up to 2000 m from the depth. The relatively steep ascent of up to 100 m on the Schafberg plateau still makes this clear today. The formation of this deposit is traced back to the period of the Upper Cretaceous .
In his book about the ore deposit in 1971, the geologist Stadler referred to the interaction of the Bramscher pluton with the formation of ore deposits. This is also responsible for the extensive coalification of the coal seams in the Ibbenbüren coalfield . The occurrence of the ore deposit is comparable to the deposits on the hill and on the Piesberg near Osnabrück . The ore formation did not originate from the pluton itself, but rather its heat effect on the surrounding rocks caused this. Ores from deeper layers were hydrothermally dissolved in the water heated by the pluton, began to move and rose up into crevices and crevices. There the ores were precipitated from the water by chemical processes and stored in the crevices and crevices.
The Zechstein limestone has been partially displaced by iron spar (siderite, FeCO 3 ). On the surface, this ore has been transformed into brown iron stone and ocher by weathering . Barite as well as sulfidic lead and zinc ores are formed as gangue . These emerged in a later sulfur-containing phase of ore formation. The main deposits of the ores extended on the eastern edge of the Schafberg. But there is also an ore deposit on the western edge, but this has never been mined.
The iron deposits had contents of 23 to 52.5 % by weight iron and a maximum of 5.5% by weight manganese . In contrast to the hillside, the ores here contained a lot of silica .
The metal content of the Galmei deposits had zinc contents of 9 to 28% zinc.
history
At the end of the 17th century, when Ibbenbüren was under the rule of the Orange , iron ore was probably first extracted and smelted in the Bockraden smelter. When analyzing the ore samples, silver minerals were also encountered.
In 1806, the ironworks entrepreneur Leopold Wilhelm Schmölder received the 39,442 hectare “Friedrich Wilhelm” district field for the extraction of lawn iron ores and “Bergerz”. Because of the troublesome zinc content of the ore, the mining operations were temporarily stopped in 1832. The lawn iron ore mining continued.
In 1877 the Friedrich Wilhelm tunnel was opened and connected to Ibbenbüren station with a 2.4 km long narrow-gauge railway. In 1883 the iron mine became the property of the Georgs-Marien-Bergwerks- und Hüttenverein (GMV).
From 1852 to 1883, the “St. Rochus ”, in which Galmei was extracted in the opencast mine with zinc contents of 9 to 28% by weight.
Perm iron, lead and zinc ore mines
In 1866, the Perm colliery was consolidated under the Hörder Bergwerks- und Hütten-Verein for the extraction of iron ore near the Prussian eagle gallery of the Ibbenbüren coal mine . The Prussian eagle tunnel was opened and several shafts were sunk. A horse-drawn tram was built for the train station in Laggenbeck . In 1867, a small ore processing facility was put into operation. Due to the high water inflow of 12 to 13 m³ per minute, operations were stopped in 1876.
Hector colliery
At the eastern end of the Schafberg, the Porta Westfalica ironworks dug for iron ore and started a small mine in 1860. This was taken over by GMV in 1883.
Prussian Meppen mine
North of the Hector colliery, the company "Reismann & Comp., Limited Partnership for Mining and Hüttenbetrieb Meppen" operated a small pit for the extraction of iron ore for the Meppen foundry . The iron ore was later delivered to the inking plant in Orange in Laggenbeck. In 1893 the mine was consolidated with the Muck & Horst mine to form the Oranien colliery union.
Colliery Muck and Horst
From 1868 iron, lead and zinc ore were mined on the north side of the Schafberg in the area of the municipality of Mettingen . Lead production was given up in 1893 and iron ocher production in 1900.
Consolidation of the Ibbenbürener ore mines
As early as 1870, the Perm union drew up a plan to unite the various mines, operate a joint mine and build their own blast furnaces. When this failed, GMV took up the project. It bought the Perm mines in 1880 , Friedrich Wilhelm and Hector in 1883 and Orange in 1901/02 . In 1881 the Perm tunnel was excavated and connected to the Friedrich Wilhelm colliery by a basic section . Before the 7 km long basic route was completed in 1912, the siding connected the mines.
From the Perm tunnel, further transport took place via the standard gauge Perm Railway , which led via Osterberg through Hasbergen to Wulfskotten station. There, the line threaded into the Hasbergen – Georgsmarienhütte works railway . This in turn provided a connection to the iron and steel works of the same name and to the train station in Hasbergen on the Osnabrück – Münster route .
The Hector colliery was shut down in 1916 after the deposit was exhausted. Lead and zinc ores were mined in the Perm colliery from 1912 until its closure in 1921. Because of the low iron content compared to Swedish ores, all mines were closed in 1921. Only the Friedrich Wilhelm colliery mined iron ore again from 1936 to 1941 in opencast and underground mining. Until 1985, the water supply to the Hector colliery was maintained by the Tecklenburger Land water supply association . Today the Perm tunnel is home to over 700 bats in winter . This makes it one of the largest bat retreats in Westphalia.
See also
literature
- Hans Röhrs : Ore and coal: mining and ironworks between Ems and Weser . Ibbenbürener Vereinsdruckerei (IVD), Ibbenbüren 1992, ISBN 3-921290-62-7 .
