Colliery United Hamburg and Franziska
| Colliery United Hamburg and Franziska | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 Former site of the Franziska Tiefbau colliery on Ruhrstrasse next to the Witten building |
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| Funding / year | approx. 500,000 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG | ||
| Employees | approx. 2500 | ||
| Start of operation | 1895 | ||
| End of operation | 1925 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 26 '56.2 " N , 7 ° 22' 34.8" E | ||
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| Location | Anne | ||
| local community | Witten | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Ennepe-Ruhr district | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The United Hamburg & Franziska colliery was the largest and most important coal mining company in Witten . It was created through the merger of the Franziska colliery in Witten and the Hamburg colliery in 1895.
Franziska colliery
The lords of Witten probably already ran mining in the mine field in the Middle Ages . Several mining concessions were in the 18th century awarded such. B. Alte Franziska, Franzisca, Franziska Erbstollen, Franziska continuation . Franziska Tiefbau was founded for this purpose by the relevant trade unions in 1839 in order to also promote under the Erbstollen .
The colliery site was located near the center of the municipality of Witten, which had only been declared a town a few years earlier. The current course of the railway line between Dortmund and Hagen through the Witten city area was determined not least by the establishment of the colliery. In the first few years of its existence, however , the coal mined in Witten was not transported by rail, but via the nearby Ruhr . The colliery's economic importance for the city was enormous; one of its first leaders was the industrial pioneer Carl Ludwig Berger , who played a key role in Witten's development.
In the 1870s, however, there was considerable annoyance between the operators of the mine and the city's magistrate, as the mine did not fill in the exploited seams again, which is why massive subsidence occurred in the entire city . This caused several mountain damage . Many houses showed cracks and water pipes broke. Until 1879 it came to an amicable agreement between the city and bill with the obligation of operators in the exploited mine parts offset bring.
With the construction of a briquette factory in 1881, the colliery processed its coal mainly for the needs of the railroad; Most of the coal mined in Witten was, however, processed for domestic use and sold to the Netherlands , among other places .
Hamburg mine
The Hamburg colliery in the district of Annen is considered the most important colliery of the former Annen-Wullen office. The history of the Hamburg colliery began with a mine that has been in operation since 1740. The United Hamburg & Vollmond colliery came into being through consolidation in 1851 with the Vollmond Stollenzeche . The Geviertfeld Ardey + Dreigewerke was also combined.
The transition to civil engineering took place in 1851 with the sinking of the "Adolf" shaft. In 1870 150,906 tons of coal were mined there by 453 employees. 1877 reached the second shaft, called bay "Wilhelm", at 339 meters depth the 5th floor and was able to resume its full function. At this depth a connection to the Franziska colliery in Witten was dug in 1888. As a result, both pits merged. In 1889 the Ringeltaube colliery was also taken over.
The colliery, which was founded in 1851 and whose origins date back to the 18th century, has left its mark on the landscape of Annen to this day. The former dump the coal mine was renatured in the 1970s and is now considered a small forest oasis in the middle of the largest district of Witten. Hamburgstrasse , located near the railway line, is reminiscent of the mine.
United Wallfisch colliery
The old coal mining industry was first mentioned in the 18th century . At the Steinberg in Düren (Witten) coal was mined under the name Steinbergerbank , Dickebank or Wallfischbänke . The Steinbergerbänker tunnel was excavated to solve these mines .
In 1832 these tunnels were merged with others to form the United Wallfisch colliery to operate a civil engineering facility. 1850 was Berechtsame to more mining concessions until Crengeldanz expanded. After all coal had been mined above the bottom of the tunnel , construction of the Wallfisch underground mine began in 1855 . The machine house has survived from this time .
In 1894 the Ver. Wallfisch connected to the Franziska colliery. In 1895 a new underground construction shaft in Düren , also known as Franziska-Düren , is started. With the merger of Hamburg and Franziska , the colliery was integrated into the new company, and the construction of the Franziska-Düren shaft was stopped. From 1902, however, the shaft was continued to be built and put into operation.
Colliery United Hamburg & Franziska
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After the merger in 1895, up to 2,500 miners extracted up to 641,000 tons per year. In 1904 the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG took over the colliery and managed it until it was closed in 1925. Due to the relocation of coal mining to the Emscher region at the end of the 19th century, mining in the Ruhr valley , which was based on small mines, lost its importance. The United Hamburg & Franziska colliery, however, was not a small mine , with up to 2500 employees it was nevertheless considerably smaller than the large collieries in Gelsenkirchen, for example .
During the First World War , coal production collapsed, as the majority of the miners fought as soldiers at the front; many of them perished. During the subsequent political unrest, the economic crisis and finally the occupation of the Ruhr , coal in Witten once again experienced a brief peak. On the one hand, to be able to make reparation payments to the French, on the other hand, because only coal could guarantee the German energy supply. In 1918 the closed Nachtigall und Helene colliery was leased, but dismantling was not possible. In 1922 the unified colliery reached its highest number of employees with 3199 miners; 475,000 tons of coal were last mined. On July 31, 1925, the operators closed the colliery because the exploitation of the Ruhr valley mines was no longer financially viable for them.
The colliery's steel headframe was dismantled and transported to Bergkamen to be rebuilt over the “Grillo III”, alias “ Kiwitt ” shaft of the Monopol colliery . It served there for decades.
Search for clues
After its closure, the "Franziska" mine site fell into disrepair on the edge of the city center. Only with the construction of the Witten Hall and a large hotel did the appearance of the site change significantly. Due to its proximity to the (former knight's seat) Haus Witten , the site is now more or less in front of the Witten city park , although both areas are separated by a main road.
The area of the “Hamburg” colliery has merged into an industrial area next to the Witten-Annen Nord S-Bahn station .
Ringeltaube colliery is now home to a tennis facility and made headlines in December 2007 when a shaft collapsed.
During test bores for the construction of a hotel, it was found that the Eleonore shaft, which is 505 m deep at the United Hamburg and Franziska colliery, is not adequately secured. The result of an appraisal showed that the 2.6 meter by 5.4 meter shaft was not filled with rubble, as previously assumed, after it was closed, but was only covered with a steel plate, which is already showing signs of corrosion. The shaft is already filled with groundwater up to 15 m. The E.ON group , which is the legal successor in this case, plans to keep the manhole safe in the future , so that the manhole will be filled with a concrete plug.
literature
- Joachim Huske: The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginnings to 1997 , Bochum 1998, ISBN 3-921533-62-7 (3rd edition: Die Steinkohlenzechen in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginnings to 2005. German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3- 937203-24-9 )
- Brandenburg, Paul and Karl-Heinz Hildebrand: Witten - streets - paths - places . Witten 1989
- Haddenhorst, Beatrice: 1,500 miners became unemployed . In: Ruhr Nachrichten , Dortmund / Witten local edition of December 2, 2006
- Zemter, Wolfgang: Witten from old times . Meinerzhagen 1981
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mining shaft next to Parkhotel was only secured with a plate. Accessed July 31, 2019 .