Time table Iraq from 1921

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Iraqi monarchy

Republic of Iraq

  • On July 14, 1958 , the army launched a coup against the 23-year-old King Faisal II . The coup was led by then Brigadier General Abd al-Karim Qasim and Colonel Abd as-Sallam Arif . The king and his family were killed, and Prime Minister Nuri as-Said and Crown Prince Abdul-Ilah, who were considered symbolic figures of ties to Great Britain, were lynched by the angry Baghdad people .
  • The union with Jordan and the monarchy were ended and the Republic of Iraq was founded. In the summer of 1958, the coup was followed very quickly by a number of social and democratic reforms: a new constitution was passed, parties and trade unions were approved. However, there was a power struggle between the two putschists. Qasim prevailed, and Arif was arrested in September 1958. Qasim initially continued the reforms (land reform on September 30, 1958), but subsequently became more and more dictatorial. A military regime was established within a short time .
  • In terms of foreign policy, Iraq broke its western ties: In March 1959, it left the Baghdad Pact with England, concluded an assistance pact with the United Arab Republic, and supported the Soviet Union .

1960s

  • 1960 approval of political parties
  • September 14, 1960 in Baghdad: Foundation of OPEC together with Iran , Kuwait , Saudi Arabia and Venezuela .
  • In 1961 the British-controlled Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) had its concessions withdrawn. Iraq gained full independence.
  • March 1961 Kurdish uprising under Mustafa Barsani
  • End of June 1961 claims to the independent Kuwait.
Flag of Iraq (1963-1991)
  • On February 8, 1963, the Ba'ath Party launched a coup with Arif. Qasim was executed. However, after the efforts of the Ba'ath party to merge the states of Syria, Egypt and Iraq into a pan-Arab republic (from this time the three stars in the country's flag result) failed and led to leadership struggles with the Ba'ath party, Arif tore it Power in itself: he was able to pull the army on his side and ended the rule of the Ba'ath party in a new coup on November 18, 1963.
  • April 13, 1966 Abd ar-Rahman Arif takes over the government.
  • June 5, 1967 Participation in the Six Day War on the side of Egypt
  • July 17, 1968 coup General Ahmed Hasan Al-Bakrs ; the Ba'ath Party gains power

1970s

1980–1988: Iranian-Iraqi War (First Gulf War)

  • September 22, 1980 Beginning of the Iran-Iraqi war ( First Gulf War )
  • July 7th, 1981 Destruction of the Iraqi nuclear power plant Osirak, which is under construction, by Israeli bombers
  • From 1983 the US fleet increased its presence in the Persian Gulf. Iraq is supported by Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States against Iran
  • February 1986 The Iraqi Faw peninsula is occupied by Iranian troops.
  • March 16, 1988. Saddam Hussein has the Kurdish city of Halabja bombed with poison gas in a poison gas attack on Halabja .
  • August 20, 1988 End of the Iraqi-Iranian war. (250,000 dead on the Iraqi side)
  • September 1988 Saddam Hussein campaign against Kurds who supported Iran; tens of thousands die when chemical weapons (poison gas) are used. The US portrays Iran as the polluter.

Second Gulf War and other crises afterwards

  • August 2, 1990 Occupation of Kuwait, which Saddam Hussein declares the 19th Iraqi province.
  • January 17, 1991 Second Gulf War against Iraq under US leadership.
  • February 27, 1991 The Allies declare Kuwait liberated and unilaterally announce an armistice.
  • March 1991 Shiite and Kurdish uprisings against President Hussein. Flight bans for Iraqi machines to protect Shiites and Kurds in zones south of the 32nd parallel and north of the 36th parallel will be issued.

The no-fly zones are not recognized by the UN or Iraq. The destruction of all weapons of mass destruction under the control of the UN is ordered.

  • April 1991 Fighter jets shot down by the US Air Force
  • May 1991 Foundation of a UN Commission for Disarmament in Iraq ( UNSCOM ).
  • October 1991 Decision of the World Security Council to subject the armaments programs to permanent international supervision
  • October 1992 Proclamation of a Kurdish state by the Kurds.
  • November 1992 Turkish military operations against the PKK in northern Iraq.
  • January 1993 Missile stationing in the protection zones, renewed attacks on Kuwait trigger military strikes by the Allies.
  • June 27, 1993 US rocket attacks on Baghdad with civilian casualties
  • September 1993 Ahmed Hussein Al-Khodair head of government.
  • May 1994 removal of Hussein Al-Khodair, Saddam Hussein himself head of government again
  • November 1994 Recognition of the sovereignty of Kuwait
  • 1995 Suppression of a military rebellion against Hussein
  • February 23, 1996 Execution of Saddam Hussein's sons-in-law
  • May 1996 Start of the oil for food program
  • July 1996 Natural gas contracts are concluded with Turkey despite the embargo.
  • September 1996 Attacks on the Kurdish protection zone trigger rocket attacks by the USA.

1997

  • June 1997 The UN Security Council plans to tighten economic sanctions as long as UN inspections of Iraqi military facilities are not possible.
  • August 1997 resumption of diplomatic relations with Syria
  • September 29, 1997 Iranian planes attack Iraqi territory.
  • October 29, 1997 After US members are expelled from the country for espionage activities by UNSCOM, all UNSCOM employees leave Iraq.
  • November 4, 1997 Relenting after the threat of UN military action
  • November 21, 1997 Return of the UN inspectors
  • November 23, 1997 UN inspectors refused entry to Saddam Hussein's palaces
  • November 26, 1997 Relenting and invitation to the palaces
  • November 27, 1997 Access is restricted to "experts and diplomats" from the UN Security Council

1998

  • At the beginning of January 1998 meeting between foreign ministers of Iran and Iraq in Tehran
  • January 14, 1998 Two US aircraft carriers are stationed in the Persian Gulf
  • January 17, 1998 Assassination attempt on Iraqi diplomats in Amman
  • February 23, 1998 Kofi Annan and Tariq Aziz sign an agreement on the settlement of the Iraq conflict in Baghdad
  • March 26, 1998 Inspection of eight palaces
  • June 30, 1998 US missile shot down an Iraqi position
  • July 17, 1998 Oil supply agreement with Syria
  • October 28, 1998 Detection of traces of nerve agents on Iraqi missile
  • October 31, 1998 UNSCOM activities are terminated by Iraq. UN employees leave the country. Reinforcement of US troops in the Gulf region
  • November 14, 1998 Hussein gave in; UN inspectors continue controls.
  • December 16, 1998 US air strikes (" Operation Desert Fox ") with British support. Opposition from France, China and Russia
  • December 17, 1998 second wave of US attacks
  • December 20, 1998 Clinton ends Operation Desert Fox ; Hussein declares Iraq the winner
  • December 28, 1998 US air strikes on military positions

1999

  • January 5, 1999 US machines shell Iraqi fighter jets
  • January 9, 1999 Egypt and Saudi Arabia declare against Saddam Hussein
  • January 10, 1999 Call of the Iraqi National Assembly on the Iraqi government to ignore UN sanctions. Britain threatens new attacks.
  • January 13, 1999 French proposal to relax sanctions if gun controls are allowed again. US air strikes. The weapons inspector Scott Ritter accuses the head of UNSCOM of espionage for the USA.
  • January 24, 1999 The Arab League calls on Iraq to cooperate with the Security Council
  • January 25, 1999 Heavy US air strikes, including civilian casualties
  • January 26, 1999 Clinton increased military pressure. Hussein vows revenge for civilians killed.
  • February 10, 1999 US air raids on anti-aircraft positions.
  • February 19, 1999 Shiite demonstrations against Hussein following the assassination attempt on Shiite leader Ayatollah Muhammad Muhammad Sadiq al-Sadr .
  • February 28, 1999 US air strikes
  • May 25, 1999 Meeting of US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright with representatives of Iraqi opposition groups in Washington
  • December 16, 1999 Cancellation of the planned papal visit to Baghdad
  • December 17, 1999 Establishment of the new UNMOVIC inspection commission under Hans Blix

2000

  • 2000 US and British air strikes continued, international protests.
  • August 1, 2000 The reopening of the rail link from Mosul to Aleppo , Syria, improves bilateral relations.
  • September 18, 2000 Law against Critics: Criticism of Saddam Hussein is punished with cutting off the tongue.
  • September 28, 2000 OPEC summit in Caracas with Iraqi participation
  • October 13, 2000 First visit by an Iranian foreign minister since 1990.
  • November 30, 2000 Amnesty International alleged serious human rights abuses in Iraq

2001

  • January 17, 2001 Decision of the OPEC states to reduce oil production by five percent
  • January 21, 2001 One day after President George W. Bush's inauguration ceremony, US warplanes launched attacks on targets in the immediate vicinity of Baghdad, killing 3 Iraqis.
  • February 16, 2001 US and British air strikes on Iraqi radar and air defense positions; Protest by the Arab countries as well as criticism from Russia, China and France.
  • September 5, 2001 Expulsion of five UN employees from the "Oil for Food" program
  • September 11, 2001 Hussein welcomes the terrorist attacks against the USA: "The American cowboys have now reaped the fruits of their crimes against humanity".
  • November 29, 2001 Extension of the "Oil for Food" program by six months
  • December 20, 2001 Kofi Annan's warning to the US not to extend the war on terrorism to Iraq

2002

  • February 5, 2002 After President Bush declares Iraq a member of the " Axis of Evil ", Saddam Hussein agrees to a "dialogue without preconditions".
  • March 7, 2002 Kofi Annan welcomes an Iraqi delegation in New York
  • March 10, 2002 Exhibition of jewelry of Assyrian culture in London by Iraqi and British archaeologists.
  • March 28, 2002 At the summit of the Arab League in Beirut, further attacks on Iraq are criticized after Iraq expressly recognizes the "territorial integrity" of Kuwait.
  • December 8, 2002 Delivery of a 12,000-page documentation on the Iraqi weapon systems to the UN.
  • December 27, 2002 US and British planes attack targets in southern Iraq.

Third Gulf War and Occupation

  • February 5, 2003 Colin Powell , Secretary of State of the United States , puts in the UN Security Council before questionable intelligence information that violations of Iraq against the Resolution 1441 of the Security Council to prove.
  • March 20, 2003 The Iraq war begins with targeted bombing in Baghdad by an attack by the USA and Great Britain.
  • March 26, 2003 Paratroopers of the 173rd US Airborne Brigade open a northern front in the Kurdish areas in the north
  • April 7, 2003 The second largest city Basra falls to the British
  • April 9, 2003 US armed forces take the Iraqi capital Baghdad , a
  • April 11, 2003 Kurdish fighters take Kirkuk
  • April 14, 2003 The Third Gulf War ends with the fall of Tikrit
  • The first US soldiers left Iraq in 2009.
  • In 2011 the complete withdrawal will take place

See also: Iraq conflict , Occupation of Iraq 2003–2011

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.ag-friedensforschung.de/regionen/Irak/angriff2.html