Zingiber spectabile
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Zingiber spectabile , blossoms |
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Zingiber spectabile is a species of ginger ( Zingiber ) within the ginger family(Zingiberaceae) from Southeast Asia.
features
Zingiber spectabile is a perennial herbaceous plant . The shoots of the species reach heights of about 2 to 3.5 meters, under optimal conditions in culture up to 4.5 meters. They arise, often in several closely spaced, underground creeping shoots ( rhizomes ) that run close to the surface of the soil. The green-colored shoots are somewhat flattened, swollen at the base, their lower, leafless section is about one meter long. The foliage leaves, which are attached in two rows, sit far apart in the lower section and are densely packed towards the tip. They are lanceolate, the tip of the leaf (apex) pointed, the largest about 30 to 50 centimeters long with a width of 6 to 10 centimeters. They are smooth at the base on the underside, sometimes slightly hairy. They are sessile with a thin-skinned, bilobed ligule , this is pale green and thin, dry-skinned with age.
The peduncle is about 30 to 50 centimeters long, it is covered with short, green to reddish colored leaf sheaths. The inflorescence is upright and cylindrical, with a rounded tip, it reaches about 10 to 30 centimeters in length and 6 to 7 centimeters in diameter, rarely a little above. The dachziegelig seated, fleshy, strikingly colored bracts give it a hive -like appearance; These are initially orange-yellow, but turn red in the course of about 40 to 55 days. They are about 4 to 5 centimeters long, obverse-shaped and curved upwards, and rainwater often collects in the pocket-shaped niches. That the flower tube enveloping bract is about 4 centimeters long and two-lobed. The white to pale pink calyx tube is up to 3.5 centimeters long, it is indistinctly three-lobed on the outside and deeply split inside. The yellow colored, zygomorphic corolla consists of a corolla tube about 3 centimeters long and three corolla lobes; the middle one is about 3 centimeters long and about 1.7 centimeters wide, the smaller side is only 1.8 centimeters long and about 6 millimeters wide. As is typical of the family, the stamens form a lip-like structure about 2.5 centimeters long, which is mottled purple and yellow; it is in three parts with an egg-shaped fertile stamen and two lateral sterile staminodes , the anthers are yellow and without stamens, with a purple appendage.
The fruit is a capsule about 2.5 centimeters long, it is egg-shaped and slightly hairy.
Ecology, location, distribution
The species occurs in tropical East Asia, on the Malay Peninsula , in Thailand and Malaysia , south to Negeri Sembilan . It grows in the evergreen tropical rainforest, also in disturbed places, in the secondary forest and on the edges of the forest. It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant in many places in the tropics. In Thailand it is called changoe, in Malaysia Tepus Tanah, Tepus Tunduk or Tepus Halia. The flowering period is from July to November, in Malaysia to December.
use
The species is occasionally, but rarely, used as a substitute for ginger as a spice plant. It is used ethnomedically in Malaysia and Thailand as a traditional medicinal plant, which is used against eye infections, for wound treatment, for burns and for headaches and back pain. The young shoots are used as lettuce and vegetables under the name ulam. It is also grown as an ornamental plant. The demand as an ornamental plant led to a strong local decline in their homeland; in the meantime, however, possibilities of reproduction in culture have been discovered.
According to research, components of the plant should be able to curb the growth of a certain form of colon cancer cells.
Taxonomy and systematics
25 species of the genus Zingiber are known on the Malay Peninsula (status: 2014), although new species are still being described on an ongoing basis. Within the genus, the species is assigned to the section Zingiber , which mainly includes species that are widespread on the (mainland) Malay peninsula. According to genetic data, the closest related and possible sister species is the Zingiber ottensii Valeton , which is also morphologically very similar . A number of species from the islands, such as the Zingiber engganoensis Ardiyani , newly described by Enggano in 2015, are morphologically very similar.
Individual evidence
- ^ RE Holttum (1950): The Zingiberaceae of the Malay peninsula. The Gardens' bulletin, Singapore 13: 1-249. online at biodiversitylibrary.org
- ↑ a b Ida Theilade (1999): A synopsis of the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 389-410.
- ↑ a b c Chee Beng Jin & Lau Kah Hoo (2010): The spectacular ginger: Zingiber spectabile Griffith. Malaysian Naturalist September 2010: 12-13.
- ^ EA Weiss: Spice Crops. CABI Publishing, Wallingford 2002. ISBN 978-0-85199-605-9 . on page 338.
- ↑ Mehdi Sharifi-Rad, Elena Maria Varoni, Bahare Salehi, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Karl R. Matthews, Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, Farzad Kobarfard, Salam A. Ibrahim, Dima Mnayer, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria, Majid Sharifi-Rad, Zubaida Yousaf, Marcello Iriti, Adriana Basile, Daniela Rigano (2017): Plants of the Genus Zingiber as a Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals: From Tradition to Pharmacy. Molecules 2017, 22, 2145 (19 pages) doi: 10.3390 / molecules22122145
- ↑ Samir Kumar Sadhu, Amina Khatun, Takashi Ohtsuki, Masami Ishibashi: First isolation of sesquiterpenes and flavonoids from Zingiber spectabile and identification of zerumbone as the major cell growth inhibitory component . In: Natural Product Research . 21, No. 14, 2007, ISSN 1478-6419 , pp. 1242-1247. doi : 10.1080 / 14786410701371421 .
- ↑ CK Lim & K. Meekiong (2014): New Zingiber taxa, and supplementary notes on the genus in peninsular Malaysia. Folia malaysiana 15 (1): 11-40.
- ↑ P. Theerakulpisut, P. Triboun, W. Mahakham, D. Maensiri, J. Khampila, P. Chantaranothai (2012): Phylogeny of the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data. Kew Bulletin 67: 389-395.
- ↑ Marlina Ardiyani (2015): A new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Enggano Island, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 14 (2): 307-310.
