Ginger (genus)
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Mill. |
Ginger ( Zingiber ) is a genus of plants in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It comes from the warmer parts of Asia . The best-known representative is ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) , which is often used as a spice .
description
Vegetative characteristics
In Zingiber TYPES concerns perennial herbaceous plants . The subterranean, branched and bulbous thickened, often aromatic-smelling rhizome develop as persistence organs. The sterile shoots are upright and in most species they reach heights of 1 to 2 meters. The elongated oval, lanceolate to linear leaves are arranged in two lines .
Generative characteristics
The inflorescences are cone or cone-shaped. Mostly they stand on a short stem covered with scaly leaves, in some species they sit almost directly on the rhizome and barely protrude beyond their bracts . The bracts of the flowers, which are very differently colored in the various species, are dense and overlap like roof tiles. Each bract has only a single flower .
The three-lobed, zygomorphic flowers are usually whitish. The middle lobe ( labellum ) is usually wider than the two side lobes and often split in front. In all species, the stylus protrudes clearly beyond the stamens and the corolla tube.
Occurrence
All species come from tropical to warm Asia . One species ( Zingiber zerumbet ) has been introduced as a ruderal plant to several other tropical regions of the world (America, Africa, Australia). The True ginger is cultivated in all tropical areas of the world.
Most of the species are inhabitants of moist forest floors.
Systematics
The genus Zingiber was established as "Zinziber" in 1754 by Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary ... Abridged ... , 4th edition, number 3. Type species is Zingiber officinale Roscoe . Synonyms for Zingiber Mill. Nom. cons. are: Amomum L. nom. rej ., Pacoseroca Adans. nom. superflat., Zerumbet T.Lestib. nom. illeg., Cassumunar Colla , Dieterichia Giseke , Dymczewiczia Horan. , Jaegera Giseke , Thumung J.Koenig .
The genus Zingiber contains 100 to 188 species:
- Zingiber acuminatum Valeton
- Zingiber albiflorum R.M.Sm.
- Zingiber album Nurainas
- Zingiber anamalayanum Sujanapal & Sasidh.
- Zingiber angustifolium C.K. Lim & Meekiong
- Zingiber apoense Elmer
- Zingiber argenteum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber arunachalensis A. Joe, T. Jayakr., Hareesh & M. Sabu
- Zingiber atroporphyreum Škornick. & QBNguyen
- Zingiber atrorubens Gagnep.
- Zingiber aurantiacum (Holttum) Theilade
- Zingiber banhaoense Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber barbatum Wall.
- Zingiber belumense C.K. Lim & Meekiong
- Zingiber bipinianum D.K. Roy, D.Verma, Talukdar & Dutta Choud.
- Zingiber bisectum D.Fang
- Zingiber brachystachys Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber bradleyanum Craib
- Zingiber brevifolium N.E.Br.
- Zingiber bulusanense Elmer
- Zingiber callianthus Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber capitatum Roxb.
- Zingiber cardiocheilum Škornick. & QBNguyen
- Zingiber castaneum Škornick. & QBNguyen
- Zingiber cernuum Dalzell
- Zingiber chantaranothaii Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber chlorobracteatum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber chrysanthum Roscoe
- Zingiber chrysostachys Ridl.
- Zingiber citriodorum Theilade & Mood
- Zingiber clarkei King ex Benth. & Hook.f.
- Zingiber cochleariforme D. Fang
- Zingiber collinsii Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber coloratum N.E.Br.
- Zingiber corallinum Hance
- Zingiber cornubracteatum Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber curtisii Holttum
- Zingiber cylindricum Thwaites
- Zingiber densissimum S.Q.Tong & YMXia
- Zingiber discolor Škornick., H.Ð.Tran & Rybková
- Zingiber diwakarianum R.Kr.Singh
- Zingiber eberhardtii Gagnep.
- Zingiber eborinum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber elatius (Ridl.) Theilade
- Zingiber elatum Roxb.
- Zingiber ellipticum (SQTong & YMXia) QGWu & TLWu
- Zingiber engganoense Ardiyani
- Zingiber flagelliform Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber flammeum Theilade & Mood
- Zingiber flaviflorum C.K. Lim & Meekiong
- Zingiber flavomaculosum S.Q.Tong
- Zingiber flavovirens Theilade
- Zingiber fragile S.Q.Tong
- Zingiber fraseri Theilade
- Zingiber georgeae Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber gracile jack
- Zingiber gramineum Noronha ex flower
- Zingiber griffithii Baker
- Zingiber guangxiense D. Fang
- Zingiber gulinense Y.M.Xia
- Zingiber hainanense Y.S.Ye, L.Bai & NHXia
- Zingiber idae Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber incomptum B.L.Burtt & RMSm.
- Zingiber inflexum flower
- Zingiber integrilabrum Hance
- Zingiber integrum S.Q.Tong
- Zingiber intermedium Baker
- Zingiber isanense Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber jiewhoei Škornick.
- Zingiber junceum Gagnep.
- Zingiber kangleipakense Kishor & Škornick.
- Zingiber kawagoii Hayata
- Zingiber kelabitianum Theilade & H.Chr.
- Zingiber kerrii Craib
- Zingiber kunstleri King ex Ridl.
- Zingiber lambii Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber laoticum Gagnep.
- Zingiber larsenii Partade
- Zingiber latifolium Theilade & Mood
- Zingiber lecongkietii Škornick. & H.Ð.Tran
- Zingiber leptorrhizum D. Fang
- Zingiber ligulatum Roxb.
- Zingiber limianum Meekiong
- Zingiber lingyunense D. Fang
- Zingiber loerzingii Valeton
- Zingiber longibracteatum Theilade
- Zingiber longiglande D. Fang & DHQin
- Zingiber longiligulatum S.Q.Tong
- Zingiber longipedunculatum Ridl.
- Zingiber longyanjiang Z.Y.Zhu
- Zingiber macradenium K.Schum.
- Zingiber macrocephalum (inch.) K.Schum.
- Zingiber macroglossum Valeton
- Zingiber macrorrhynchus K.Schum.
- Zingiber malaysianum C.K. Lim
- Zingiber marginatum Roxb.
- Zingiber martini R.M.Sm.
- Zingiber matangense Noor Ain, Tawan & Meekiong
- Zingiber matutumense Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber mawangense Noor Ain & Meekiong
- Zingiber meghalayense Sushil K.Singh, Ram.Kumar & Mood
- Zingiber mekongense Gagnep.
- Zingiber mellis Škornick., H.Ð.Tran & Sída f.
- Zingiber microcheilum Škornick., H.Ð.Tran & Sída f.
- Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe
- Zingiber mizoramense Ram.Kumar, Sushil K.Singh & S.Sharma
- Zingiber molle Ridl.
- Zingiber monglaense S.J.Chen & ZYChen
- Zingiber monophyllum Gagnep.
- Zingiber montanum (J.König) Link ex A.Dietr.
- Zingiber multibracteatum Holttum
- Zingiber murlenica Ram.Kumar, Sushil K.Singh & S.Sharma
- Zingiber nanlingense Lin Chen, AQDong & FWXing
- Zingiber nazrinii C.K. Lim & Meekiong
- Zingiber neesanum (J.Graham) Ramamoorthy
- Zingiber neglectum Valeton
- Zingiber negrosense Elmer
- Zingiber neotruncatum T.L.Wu, K.Larsen & Turland
- Zingiber newmanii Theilade & Mood
- Zingiber nigrimaculatum S.Q.Tong
- Zingiber nimmonii (J.Graham) Dalzell
- Zingiber nitens M.F. Newman
- Zingiber niveum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber nudicarpum D.Fang
- Zingiber odoriferum flower
- Zingiber officinale Roscoe
- Zingiber oligophyllum K.Schum.
- Zingiber olivaceum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber orbiculatum S.Q.Tong
- Zingiber ottensii Valeton
- Zingiber pachysiphon B.L.Burtt & RMSm.
- Zingiber panduratum Roxb.
- Zingiber papuanum Valeton
- Zingiber pardocheilum Wall. ex Baker
- Zingiber parishii Hook.f.
- Zingiber paucipunctatum D. Fang
- Zingiber pellitum Gagnep.
- Zingiber pendulum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber peninsular Theilade
- Zingiber petiolatum (Holttum) Theilade
- Zingiber pherimaense Biseshwori & Bipin
- Zingiber phillippsiae Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber phumiangense Chaveer. & Mokkamul
- Zingiber pleiostachyum K.Schum.
- Zingiber plicatum Škornick. & QBNguyen
- Zingiber popaense Nob.Tanaka
- Zingiber porphyrosphaerum K.Schum.
- Zingiber pseudopungens R.M.Sm.
- Zingiber pseudosquarrosum L.J.Singh & P.Singh
- Zingiber puberulum Ridl.
- Zingiber pubisquama Ridl.
- Zingiber pyroglossum Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber raja C.K. Lim & Kharuk.
- Zingiber recurvatum S.Q.Tong & YMXia
- Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe
- Zingiber rubens Roxb.
- Zingiber rufopilosum Gagnep.
- Zingiber sabuanum K.MPKumar & A.Joe
- Zingiber sabun C.K.Lim
- Zingiber sadakornii Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber shuanglongense C.L.Yeh & SWChung
- Zingiber simaoense Y.Y.Qian
- Zingiber singapore Škornick.
- Zingiber skornickovae N.S.Lý
- Zingiber smilesianum Craib
- Zingiber spectabile handle.
- Zingiber squarrosum Roxb.
- Zingiber stenostachys K.Schum.
- Zingiber striolatum Diels
- Zingiber sulphureum Burkill ex Theilade
- Zingiber tenuifolium L.Bai, Škornick. & NHXia
- Zingiber tenuiscapus Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber thorelii Gagnep.
- Zingiber tuanjuum Z.Y.Zhu
- Zingiber vanlithianum coord.
- Zingiber velutinum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber ventricosum L.Bai, Škornick., NHXia & YSYe
- Zingiber vinosum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber viridiflavum Mood & Theilade
- Zingiber vittacheilum Triboun & K.Larsen
- Zingiber wandingense S.Q.Tong
- Zingiber wightianum Thwaites
- Zingiber wrayi Prain ex Ridl.
- Zingiber yersinii Škornick., H.Ð.Tran & Rybková
- Zingiber yingjiangense S.Q.Tong
- Zingiber yunnanense S.Q.Tong & XZLiu
- Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm.
use
- Mioga ( Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe ), a species that is mainly cultivated in Japan and of which the inflorescences are used as a spice.
- Ginger , common ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe ), an important spice plant cultivated worldwide, from which the rhizome is used.
- Blockzitwer ( Zingiber montanum (J. König) Link ex A. Dietr. , Syn .: Zingiber purpureum Roscoe ); may come from India, is cultivated in tropical Asia.
- Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm .: It is a ruderal plant that has beencarried over to many areas of the tropics, but is also cultivated as a medicinal plant and fragrance dispenser.
swell
- Alan T. Whittemore: Zingiber. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9 (English). , online.
- Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiber. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 223 (English). , same text online as the printed work.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts, 2004: World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Zingiber. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 7, 2020.
- ↑ a b c Siegfried Danert: Urania plant kingdom . Volume 4: Flowering Plants 2. Urania Verlag , Leipzig 1994, ISBN 3-332-00497-2 .
- ↑ a b Walter Erhardt et al .: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. 2nd volume, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
- ↑ a b Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 943).