Dwarf soapwort
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Dwarf soapwort ( Saponaria nana ) |
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| Fritsch |
The plant species dwarf soapwort ( Saponaria nana , Syn: Saponaria pumilio , Saponaria pumila ) is a type of plant from the genus of soap herbs ( Saponaria ) within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). It should not be confused with the soap herb species Saponaria pumilio Boiss, which only occurs in the Near East .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The dwarf soapwort is a perennial, almost bare and herbaceous plant that grows in cushions up to 10 centimeters high . A strong root anchors the plant in the ground. The stems are very short, usually shorter than the single flower. The linear, simple leaves are bare and somewhat fleshy.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from July to September. The hermaphroditic, short-stalked, large flowers with a double flower envelope are radially symmetrical and five-fold. They appear individually or in pairs. The reddish calyx is 13 to 20 millimeters long, it is somewhat puffed up and covered with shaggy hair, its small teeth are egg-shaped and rounded. The corolla has a diameter of 20 to 25 millimeters. The petals have an obovate and pink plate with a reddish-whitish nail . At the throat are long and forked, awl up to 4 millimeters long appendages, scales. The plate is 7 to 9 millimeters long and mostly sanded. There are usually three, rarely only two styluses . The small fruit capsule is shorter than the calyx. The brown seeds are 2 millimeters thick.
Ecology and ingredients
Pollinators are long-nosed butterflies . An important ingredient is saponin , which foams like soap in an aqueous solution . Due to the upholstery growth, this species is very well adapted to high alpine climates.
Occurrence
Now in the Eastern Alps , sub- endemic in Austria ( Styria , Carinthia , Salzburg and East Tyrol ) otherwise only in South Tyrol and Cadore . Low -lime soils , poor grassland , dwarf shrub heaths and mountain pine bushes and often open chamois heather carpets are preferred as locations .
literature
- Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpine flowers. Munich 2003, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
- Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Andreas Tribsch, Peter Schönswetter, Tod F. Stuessy: Saponaria pumila (Caryophyllaceae) and the Ice Age in the European Alps. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 89, 2002, 2024-2033.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Saponaria pumilio ( L. ) A. Braun non Boiss. , Saponaria pumila (St.Lag.) Janch., SM Walters u. a .: The European Garden Flora. Vol. III, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989, 2004, p. 184. The taxonomy is unclear; the valid name is probably Saponaria nana Fritsch. Because Fenzl has never used the generic name Saponaria , and Saponaria pumilio was already used by Boiss. used before, so is invalid here. Then Saponaria pumila or Silene pumila St.Lag. is also invalid because the basionym Cucubalus pumilio , change to pumila is not allowed. And Hayek only has the invalid name Saponaria pumila from St.Lag. accepted. Janchen 1907 only gave the name Saponaria pumilio (L.) Fenzl, but it is invalid. So the species no longer has a valid name, so Saponaria nana Fritsch was suggested a little later . However, the species name Saponaria nana Fritsch is not common and an exact clarification is pending. (PDF) .
- ^ A b Arthur Oliver Chater : Saponaria L. S. 223. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al: Flora Europaea , 2nd edition, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press 1992, ISBN 0-521-41007-X . ( limited preview in Google Book search)