Onion tooth root

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Onion tooth root
Onion tooth root (Cardamine bulbifera) in the Moselle valley

Onion tooth root ( Cardamine bulbifera ) in the Moselle valley

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Cardamineae
Genre : Foam Herbs ( Cardamine )
Type : Onion tooth root
Scientific name
Cardamine bulbifera
( L. ) Crantz

The onion tooth root ( Cardamine bulbifera ), also known as onion-bearing tooth root , is a member of the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae) that occurs very widely in Central Europe . It occurs in beech forests.

Other names are or were Dreiackerwurz , Helckkraut ( Thuringia ), Korallenwurz ( Silesia ), Schuppenwurz (Thuringia), Zahnkraut and Kleine Zahnwurz (pharmacies). In the Middle Ages , the name Dentaria minor was also used .

description

The perennial plant reaches a height of about 30 to 70 cm. It is a deciduous geophyte with a runners-like storage rhizome that is covered with tooth-shaped coppice scars. The stem grows upright, is unbranched, sometimes short-haired in the lower area but otherwise bald. In the leaf axils there are small, about 3 to 7 mm long, egg-shaped to spherical, brown-purple brood buds . Stem leaves are quite numerous. The lower ones are pinnate unpaired and have three to seven leaflets, the upper ones are smaller and undivided. The leaflets are pointed at both ends, sessile, lanceolate, serrate, about 3 to 10 cm long and hairy on the edge.

The racemose inflorescence is short and consists of about four to twelve flowers . The sepals are elongated ovate, blunt, about 5 to 7 mm long, greenish in color and have a whitish to pale violet skin edge. The petals are pale purple to pink, rarely whitish, obovate and 13 to 20 mm long. Pods with ripe seeds are almost never seen.

The plant is an early bloomer , it blooms mainly from April to June.

The plant is dodecaploid with 2n = 12x = 96 chromosomes. It is presumably of alloploid origin and arose from chromosome duplication during the hybridization of parent species from Ice Age forest refuges.

ecology

The reproduction takes place almost exclusively in a vegetative way through the growth and division of the rhizome, and especially through the brood buds, which are partly spread by ants . From these an upright shoot develops in the third or fourth year after falling from the mother plant .

Pollinators of flowers are insects , but also self-pollination is successful. The ripe pods eject the seeds (if available) as self-spreaders, in that the flaps suddenly roll upwards.

Occurrence

distribution

Cardamine bulbifera occurs from Central Europe to France, southern England, southern Scandinavia and southeastern Europe. To the east it is found in the Caucasus.

In Germany, the onion tooth root can be found scattered to widespread in parts in the middle of the area. In addition, it is rare. More often it comes z. B. on basalt rubble slopes on limestone subsoil in the Rhön. In Austria it occurs frequently to absent-minded, while it is rarely found in Switzerland.

A significant deposit is located on Růžovský vrch ( Rosenberg ) in the Czech Republic.

Location requirements

The onion tooth root grows in beech forest communities from the Fagion association, but is also found in humid communities of the Carpinion association. It prefers fresh, nutrient-rich, loose, often lime-rich gauze and clay soils. It rises in the Alps to around 1430 meters above sea level.

Taxonomy

In the past, the species was mostly classified in its own genus Dentaria and is synonymous with the name Dentaria bulbifera (L.) Crantz .

photos

  • Onion tooth root ( herbarium evidence )

  • Onion tooth root (bulbils)

  • Foliage leaves

  • Habitus

swell

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Carl Jessen , The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 132
  2. ↑ a b c d e Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  462 .

Web links

Commons : Onion-Tooth Root ( Cardamine bulbifera )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files