Cylinder rock snail

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Cylinder rock snail
Cylinder rock snail (Cylindus obtusus), not yet fully grown shell

Cylinder rock snail ( Cylindus obtusus ), not yet fully grown shell

Systematics
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Helicoidea
Family : Schnirkelschnecken (Helicidae)
Subfamily : Ariantinae
Genre : Cylinder
Type : Cylinder rock snail
Scientific name of the  genus
Cylinder
Fitzinger , 1833
Scientific name of the  species
Cylinder obtusus
( Draparnaud , 1805)

The cylinder rock snail ( Cylinderus obtusus ) is a land lung snail (Stylommatophora) from the family of the snail snail (Helicidae). It is the only species of the genus Cylindric Fitzinger, 1833 (from the Greek κύλινδρος “roller, roller, barrel”). In the opinion of some authors, the generic name Cylinders Fitzinger, 1833, would be invalid and should be replaced by Cochlopupa Jan, 1830. However, the Nomenclature Commission decided to protect the name Cylinder Fitzinger, 1833.

features

The casing is twisted to the right and, in the young animal, is initially spherical, later soon barrel-shaped. It has seven to eight slightly arched whorls that increase slowly and regularly. The apex is rounded to a spherical shape. The seams are relatively deep, the navel is closed. It measures 11 to 14 mm × 4 to 6 mm, a maximum of 17 × 7 mm. The first turns are horn-brown and translucent, the later turns light blue-gray and opaque. The mouth is approximately elliptical with an almost straight spindle edge and a curved outer edge. Dead housings, however, quickly fade and are then more or less whitish. The mouth edges are bent and slightly thickened. The case only shows weak growth stripes on the outside. The soft body itself is dark gray, slim and quite small, maximum 12 mm long (head foot).

Geographical distribution and way of life

The cylinders Rock snail is an Austrian Eastern Alps - endemic (Draparnaud was mistakenly referred to as native France on) and a " glacial relict ". The species occurs only on limestone peaks between Schneeberg and the Hohe Tauern and has so far been reported from almost 250 locations ( Salzburg ( Kleinarltal ), East Tyrol , Carinthia (upper Gailtal )). Another housing find (washed in) from Lake Constance seems uncertain.

The cylinder rock snail is psychotropic and hygrophilic and avoids direct sun, is even extremely heliophobic (fleeing the sun). It occurs on limestone soils in the Krummholz - and Alpenrosenzone (i.e. between 1500 (north side) and 2650 m (south side)), in snow valleys, carts , sinkholes , small gorges - i.e. in the karst . Since the animals are also shy, it is difficult to see them alive, as W. Klemm (reported in Adensamer 1962) described after a night inspection: in the early morning (when the weather is fine) everyone crawls into cracks in the rock, under blocks, in crevices. The vagility is very low (in "bad weather" a few centimeters per day). Locally, they are usually available in heaps - their food consists of mushrooms (lichens), algae, moss ( protonemata ), pollen and the like. - The hermaphrodites lay few eggs and live to be 5-6 years old.

As a result of global warming , the snail is considered to be potentially endangered, as it cannot move “upwards” from many of its current biotopes .

Illustration in the first description of Draparnaud in 1805.

Systematics

Draparnaud described this rock snail as “ Pupa obtusa ” and assumed a relationship to the pupa snails (Pupillidae: genus “ Pupa ” = today partly vertigo ) due to the similarities in its shell . In its habitus it is also reminiscent of representatives of the barrel snails (Orculidae) or wolverine snails (Enidae). The species is added to the monotypical genus Cylindric Leopold Fitzinger , 1833. In the opinion of some authors, however, the name Cylinders would be preoccupied by Cylinders Batsch, 1789 and Cylinders Deshayes, 1824 and thus invalid. It was also overlooked that Cylindric Fitzinger, 1833, is a younger synonym of Cochlopupa Jan, 1830. Thereupon an application was made to the Nomenclature Commission to protect the name Cylinder Fitzinger, 1833 and to suppress all previous synonyms. This was granted in 2019.

The surprise was great when it turned out that Cylindrus after his genital one -Anatomy Helicide must be (subfamily Arian Tinae - even Helicigoninae and Campylaeinae called). A more recent molecular biological investigation confirms that the species belongs to the subfamily Ariantinae and shows a sister group relationship to the genus Arianta .

Wilhelm Kühnelt published the first studies on ecology at different altitudes in the occurrence area on the Dürrenstein near Lunz am See. Newer studies and genetic studies again focused on the different distances between the various subpopulations with great uniformity in the eidonomy .

literature

  • W. Adensamer: Cylinderus obtusus (Draparnaud 1805), its relict-like distribution and low variability, as well as zoogeographical-phylogenetic considerations about alpine gastropods in general. In: Archives for Molluscology. Volume 69, 1937, pp. 66-115.
  • W. Adensamer: Further considerations about Cylindric obtusus with its strikingly uniform species picture. In: Archives for Molluscology. Volume 91, 1962, pp. 67-70.
  • A. Bisenberger, G. Baumgartner, D. Kleewein, H. Sattmann: Investigations on the population ecology of Cylindric obtusus (Drap. 1805) (Pulmonata, Helicidae). In: Annals of the Natural History Museum Vienna. Volume 101 B, 1999, pp. 453-464.
  • J.-P.-R. Draparnaud: Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. (Ouvrage posthumous) Plassan, Renaud, Paris / Montpellier, 1805.
  • M. Duda, L. Kruckenhauser, E. Haring, H. Sattmann: Habitat requirements of the pulmonate land snails Trochulus oreinos oreinos and Cylinderus obtusus endemic to the Northern Calcareous Alps. Austria. In: eco.mont , Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2010, pp. 5–12. PMC 4340512 (free full text)
  • Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. (= Steinbach's nature guide. 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 .
Dürrenstein (foreground) and Ötscher (background) as Loci classici of the cylindrical screw.
  • Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1954, DNB 451392302 .
  • Dick SJ Groenenberg, Walter Pirovano, Edmund Gittenberger, Menno Schilthuizen: The complete mitogenome of Cylindus obtusus (Helicidae, Ariantinae) using Illumina next generation sequencing. In: BMC Genomics. Volume 13, 2012, Article 114.
  • E. Kreissl: A remarkable new find of Cylindric obtusus (Drap. 1805) (Moll., Gastropoda, Helicidae). In: Communications from the Zoology Department of the Landesmuseum Joanneum. Volume 43, 1989, pp. 39-41.
  • W. Kühnelt: Biological observations on the Cylinder obtusus. In: Archives for Molluscology. Volume 69, 1937, pp. 52-56.
  • EA Roßäßler: Iconography of the land and freshwater mollusks with special consideration of the European species not yet shown. 18 booklets. Leipzig 1835-1859.
  • A. Schileyko, H. Baminger, H. Sattmann: On the variability of the distal genital tract of Cylinderus obtusus (DRAPARNAUD, 1805) (Gastropoda: Helicidae). In: Annals of the Natural History Museum Vienna. Volume 99B, 1997, pp. 535-538.
  • AA Schileyko: On the origin of Cochlopupa (= Cylinderus auct.) Obtusa (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicidae). In: Ruthenica. vol. 22, No. 2, 2012, pp. 93-100.
  • Luise Kruckenhauser, Elisabeth Haring, Barbara Tautscher, Luis Cadahía, Laura Zopp, Michael Duda, Josef Harl, Helmut Sattmann: Indication for selfing in geographically separated populations and evidence for Pleistocene survival within the Alps: the case of 'Cylinderus obtusus' (Pulmonata: Helicidae). In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. Volume 17, 2017, Article 138.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1954, p. 308, DNB 451392302 .
  2. ↑ P. Mildner, A. Kofler: On the distribution of Cylinders obtusus (Drap. 1805) in Carinthia and East Tyrol (Mollusca, Gastropoda: Helicidae). In: Carinthìa II. Volume 180./100, No. 2, 1990, pp. 455-461.
  3. ^ A. Dubois, R. Bour: The distinction between family-series and class-series nomina in zoological nomenclature, with emphasis on the nomina created by Batsch (1788, 1789) and on the higher nomenclature of turtles. In: Bonn Zoological Bulletin. Volume 57, 2010, pp. 149-171.
  4. ^ J. Kennard: The Histoire and Prodome of Férussac. Part III. The divisional noun. In: Journal of Molluscan Studies. Volume 25, No. 3, 1942, pp. 111-118.
  5. ^ E. Gittenberger, R. Bank: case 3683 'Cylindus Fitzinger', 1833 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, HELICIDAE): proposed conservation. In: Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. Volume 72, No. 4, 2015.
  6. ↑ Opinion 2422 (Case 3683) - Cylinder Fitzinger, 1833 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Helicidae): usage conserved
  7. ↑ L. Cadahia, J. Harl, M. Duda, H. Sattmann, L. Kruckenhauser, Z. Feher: New data on the phylogeny of Ariantinae (Pulmonata, Helicidae) and the systematic position of Cylinder obtusus based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA marker sequences. In: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. Volume 52, No. 2, 2013.
  8. ↑ A. Bisenberger, G. Baumgartner, D. Kleewein, H. Sattmann: Investigations on the population ecology of Cylindric obtusus (Drap. 1805) (Pulmonata, Helicidae). In: Annals of the Natural History Museum Vienna. Volume 101 B, 1999, pp. 453-464.
  9. ↑ W. Adensamer: Further considerations on Cylindric obtusus with its strikingly uniform species picture. In: Archives for Molluscology. Volume 91, 1962, pp. 67-70.