Gail
| Gail | ||
 Gail near Vorderberg |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | AT : 2-374-212 | |
| location | Austria | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Drau → Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | on the Kartitscher Sattel in East Tyrol 46 ° 43 ′ 2 ″ N , 12 ° 32 ′ 34 ″ E |
|
| Source height | 1518 m above sea level A. | |
| muzzle | near Villach in the Drau coordinates: 46 ° 36 '23 " N , 13 ° 53' 14" E 46 ° 36 '23 " N , 13 ° 53' 14" E |
|
| Mouth height | 484 m above sea level A. | |
| Height difference | 1034 m | |
| Bottom slope | 8.5 ‰ | |
| length | 122.2 km | |
| Catchment area | 1,413.9 km² | |
| Discharge at the Federaun A Eo gauge: 1,304.9 km² Location: 8.55 km above the mouth |
NNQ (06.08.1961) MNQ 1951–2010 MQ 1951–2010 Mq 1951–2010 MHQ 1951–2010 HHQ (05.11.1966) |
5.8 m³ / s 14.5 m³ / s 44.5 m³ / s 34.1 l / (s km²) 414 m³ / s 850 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Goessering | |
| Right tributaries | Gailitz | |
| Medium-sized cities | Villach | |
| Small towns | Hermagor , Kötschach-Mauthen | |
The Gail ( Friulian Zelia , Slovenian Zilja ) is the largest right tributary of the Drava .
history
The river name Gail , also called the Geile , is one of the very old topographical names of Carinthia and goes back to Illyrian Gē'lias / Gailias , which means "the overflowing, the inundating". In late antiquity, the river was known in Latin as Licas / Licus / Lica , and around 800 as Cellia . The Tyrolean-Bavarian Lech was also called Licus . Licus is etymologically synonymous with Gail and is based on the Indo-European root (v) leiqu - for "wet, liquid". In 1090 the river is called the Gila . In Slovenian it is called Gail Zila / Zilja , in Furlan Zeie and in Italian Zeglia .
course
The Gail flows through the Tyrolean Gailtal , the Lesachtal and the Gailtal . It rises in a moor area on the Kartitscher Sattel in East Tyrol . In Hermagor she takes the Gössering on in Arnoldstein the Gailitz . It flows into the Drau at Maria Gail southeast of Villach . The river length is 122.2 km, the catchment area is 1,414 km².
In the Lesach Valley, the Gail is still in its original condition. In addition to the endangered German tamarisk ( Myricaria germanica ), sandpiper , dipper and gray wagtail can also be found here.
In the Upper Gail Valley in particular, the river was originally heavily branched. At that time, the Gailtal was characterized by wide floodplains and moist meadows, but also by frequent floods. Gail regulation began in 1875 and lasted until the 1970s. The Gail was straightened and the valley floor drained. The regulation gained arable land, but deprived many species of their habitat. There are only a few remains of the wet meadows that once dominated in the Gailtal. One of these meadows is home to the only Austrian occurrence of the Illyrian gladiolus ( Gladiolus illyricus ).
In the area of the Middle Gail and in the urban area of Villach, renaturation measures have been carried out since the 1980s. By widening the river hose, the diversity of the habitats was increased, which in turn led to an increase in the diversity of species.
In the area of the landslides of the Dobratsch , meanders formed that are still preserved today. Probably due to the earthquake of 1348 , which triggered a landslide, a lake several kilometers long was dammed up, which existed until the 18th century and to which the field name Seewiese ⊙ testifies today .
The Gailspitz is located southeast of Villach, where the Gail flows into the Drau. At the Gailspitz there are still remains of alluvial forest with gray alder and broken willows. The Gailspitz harbor is located on the Gailspitz, a safety port for shipping in the event of flooding on the Drau.
Flow rate and water quality
The mean flow rate at Federaun, 8.6 km above the mouth, is 44.5 m³ / s (1951–2010). The mean annual flood is 414 m³ / s, the highest flood was 850 m³ / s (November 5, 1966). In addition to the flow maxima in early summer, there are also autumn maxima on the Gail due to the southern impoundment and the associated heavy rainfall.
With regard to the water quality, the Gail to Kötschach-Mauthen is classified with quality class I (hardly contaminated), then with quality class I-II (hardly to moderately contaminated).
Fish regions
Historically, the trout region extended to Kötschach-Mauthen, the grayling region to the Warmbach estuary. The barbel region occupied the lowest Gail below the Warmbach estuary. Today the trout region extends to Hermagor due to the river regulations. Of historically documented 26 species another 17 species currently occur in the river, classified as severely endangered the true Strömer .
Power plants
There are three small hydropower plants on the Gail. The power station at Schütt with the storage space and the diversion section has a lasting effect on the ecology of the Gail. This prevents fish from migrating from barbel and nose in particular .
literature
- 125 years of gail regulation. Water management through the ages. Publisher: Office of the Carinthian Provincial Government, Department 18: Water Management. Hermagor, June 2001.
- Wolfgang Honsig-Erlenburg, Werner Petutschnig (Hrsg.): The waters of the Gailtales . Scientific Association for Carinthia , Klagenfurt 2002.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ TIRIS - Tyrolean regional planning and information system
- ↑ KAGIS - Carinthia Atlas
- ↑ Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Area directory of the Austrian river basins: Draugebiet. Contributions to the hydrography of Austria, issue No. 59, Vienna 2011, p. 58 ( PDF; 3.5 MB )
- ↑ Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2010. 118th volume. Vienna 2012, p. OG 342, PDF (12.6 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (yearbook 2010)
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 77
- ^ Georg Gangl: Macroseismic determination of the intensity of historical earthquakes - Intensity data point Villach 1348. In: 4th Symposium on the history of earth sciences in Austria. Reports of the Federal Geological Institute, Volume 64, Vienna / Klagenfurt 2003, pp. 32–36 ( PDF; 262 kB )
- ↑ Eric Pentermann, Naturwissenschaftlicher Association for Carinthia, 1989, pages 477-489
- ↑ Drau river trip
- ↑ www.kleinezeitung.at, October 30, 2018