Zymomonas mobilis
| Zymomonas mobilis | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Zymomonas | ||||||||||||
| Kluyver & van Niel 1936 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Zymomonas mobilis | ||||||||||||
| ( Lindner 1928) Kluyver & van Niel 1936 |
Zymomonas mobilis is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium . Usually the bacterium is immobile, in the mobile stage it has 1 to 4 polar flagella . The cells usually appear in pairs and are rod-shaped. Zymomonas mobilis is acid tolerant, it grows at pH values from 3.5 to 7.5.
Zymomonas mobilis is facultatively anaerobic and generates energy through fermentation . However, it also grows in environments with low oxygen concentrations, i.e. also microaerobically . Zymomonas mobilis is used for the alcoholic fermentation of the juice of the agave Agave americana . The resulting fermentation drink is called pulque . "Real" tequila is obtained from this by distillation . The glucose of Agavensafts is not in this fermentation as the alcoholic fermentation by yeast on the glycolysis , but via the Entner-Doudoroff way degraded.
Fermentation is 3 to 4 times faster than with yeast and the ethanol yield is higher: 92 to 94% compared to 88 to 90% with yeast. However, the substrate requirements of Zymomonas mobilis are higher than those of comparable yeasts, only about 3 sugars are broken down, molasses and the like cannot be used as substrate. The resulting biomass cannot be fed or can only be fed poorly.
Systematics
Zymomonas mobilis is the only species in its genus, which in turn belongs to the family Sphingomonadaceae . The other genera of the family are not facultatively anaerobic, they can only grow with oxygen (obligatory aerobic).
There are three subspecies:
- Zymomonas mobilis subsp. francensis
- Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
- Zymomonas mobilis subsp. pomaceae
swell
- ↑ Lecture notes for technical and industrial microbiology, TU-Berlin, 2009
- ↑ Systematics: JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Zymomonas (as of December 9, 2018)
literature
- George M. Garrity: Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. 2nd Edition. Vol. 2: The Proteobacteria Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria. Springer, New York, 2005, ISBN 0-387-24145-0 .