Qalandia: Difference between revisions

Qalandia/Kalandia
Qalandia/Kalandia
Municipality type D (Village council)
Arabic transcription(s)
• Arabic	قلنديا
• Latin	Qalandiya (unofficial)
	Qalandia Village
	Qalandia/Kalandia Location of Qalandia/Kalandia within Palestine
	Coordinates: 31°51′47″N 35°12′27″E / 31.86306°N 35.20750°E
Palestine grid	169/141
State	State of Palestine
Governorate	Jerusalem
Government
• Type	Village council
Area
• Total	3,289 dunams (3.3 km2 or 1.3 sq mi)
Population (2017)
• Total	572
• Density	170/km2 (450/sq mi)
Name meaning	Kulundia, personal name

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Qalandia (Arabic: قلنديا, Hebrew: קלנדיה), also Kalandiya, is a Palestinian village located in the West Bank, between Jerusalem and Ramallah, just west from the Jerusalem municipality boundary. The village had a population of 572 residents in 2017.^[1] Qalandia is also the name of a refugee camp, established by UNRWA in 1949. It is located just east from Jerusalem municipality. Qalandia refugee camp was built for Palestinians refugees from Lydda, Ramle and Jerusalem of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight.^[3]

History

In Qalandiya, archaeologists unearthed the remnants of a wine-producing Jewish farm dating back to the Second Temple period. Inhabited during the Hellenistic period until its destruction during the First Jewish–Roman War, the site featured two large structures, a mikveh, and rock-cut industrial facilities. Findings include a plethora of artifacts—hundreds of coins, potsherds, chalk vessels, metal objects, jewelry, and an array of tools. Nearby exploration revealed burial caves, winepresses, cisterns, and quarries.^[4]^[5]

Ancient tombs have been found at Qalandia.^[6] A Byzantine bath has been excavated, and pottery from the same period has also been located there.^[7]^[8]

During the Crusader period, it was noted that Qalandia was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre.^[6]^[9]^[10]^[11] In 1151 the Abbot leased the use of the vineyards and orchards of Qalandia to a Nemes the Syrian and his brother Anthony and their children. In return the convent was given a part of the yearly production from these fields.^[12] In 1152 Queen Melisende exchanged villagers whom she owned for shops and two moneychanger counters in Jerusalem. All the names of the Qalandia villagers were Christian, which indicate that Qalandia was a Christian village at the time.^[13]^[14]

Ottoman era

Qalandia, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the Ottoman census of 1596, the village, called Qalandiya, was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Al-Quds which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Al-Quds. The village had a population of 15 households, all Muslim, and paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on wheat, barley, olives, beehives and/or goats, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 3,900 akçe.^[15]

In 1838, it was noted as a Muslim village in the Jerusalem District.^[16]^[17]

In 1863, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he described as small hamlet consisting of a few houses with fig plantations around them,^[18] while an Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed 16 houses and a population of 50, though the population count included only the men.^[19]^[20]

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the village as a "small village on a swell, surrounded by olives, with quarries to the west."^[21]

In 1896 the population of Kalandije was estimated to be about 150 persons.^[22]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qalandieh (Qalandia) had a population of 144, of which 122 Muslims and 22 Jews.^[23] This had decreased in the 1931 census when Qalandiya had an all-Muslim population of 120, in 25 houses.^[24]

In the 1945 survey, Qalandia had a population of 190 Muslims,^[25] and a land area of 3,940 dunams.^[26] 427 dunams were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,202 for cereals,^[27] while six dunams were built-up.^[28]

Qalandia airport

An airstrip to the east of Qalandia was built by the British army in 1925. It was located a few kilometers north of Jerusalem at a site that offered flat terrain in a largely hilly region. In 1936 it was renovated by the Jewish entrepreneur Pinchas Rutenberg and began to be used commercially on a limited basis by Rutenberg’s airline, Palestine Airways, and the British carrier, Imperial Airways.^[29]

Until 1927, it was the only airport in Mandatory Palestine, although there were several military airfields. Qalandia was used for prominent guests bound for Jerusalem.^[30] It opened for regular flights in 1936.^[31]

After the Six-Day War, it was renamed Atarot Airport by Israel, but closed down due to disturbances related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and because international companies refused to land there.^[32] Israel confiscated 639 dunums from Qalandia village in order to establish a military base at the former airport.^[33]

1947–1949

During the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, in early January 1948, the residents of Qalandia evacuated the village and moved to Ramallah, leaving a few young men to protect the property and make sure mines were not planted on the way leading to the village and the nearby mine.^[34] The villagers returned to the village and after the news of the Deir Yassin massacre arrived the women, the children and most of the men were evacuated again and the village became a post of the Arab Liberation Army^[35] In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Qalandia came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.

Qalandia refugee camp

The Qalandia refugee camp was established in 1949 by the Red Cross^[36] on land leased from Jordan. It covers 353 dunums (0.353 km²; 35.3 ha) as of 2006^[37] and has a population of 10,024^[38] with 935 structures divided into 8 blocks.^[37] Israeli authorities consider it part of Greater Jerusalem, and it remains under their control.^[39]

1967-present

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Qalandia has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 2% of Qalandiya’s land was classified as Area B, while the remaining 98% is Area C.^[33] Israel has confiscated 574 dunams of land from Qalandiya in order to construct the Israeli industrial settlement Atarot and 639 dunams for the Israeli Qalandiya military base.^[33] 1,940 dunums of the village, 59.3% of the village’s total area is isolated behind the Israeli West Bank barrier.^[40] In 2006, 1,154 people were living in the village according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.^[41]

The Qalandia checkpoint is the main checkpoint between the northern West Bank and Jerusalem, and is known for frequent demonstrations against the occupation.^[42]

The Israeli 2013 Qalandia raid led to clashes with local residents, leaving three of Qalandia's inhabitants dead and several critically wounded.^[43]

References

^ ^a ^b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
^ Palmer, 1881, p. 321
^ Kalandia Refugee Camp
^ Magen, Y. (2004). Qalandiya–A Second Temple-period Viticulture and Wine-manufacturing Agricultural Settlement. The Land of Benjamin, 3.
^ Ariel, D. T. (2004). The Coins from Qalandiya. The Land of Benjamin, 3, 145-177.
^ ^a ^b Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11
^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 844
^ Baramki, 1933, pp. 105-109
^ de Roziére, 1849, p. 30: Calandria, p.263: Kalendrie, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 16-17, No 74
^ Röhricht, 1904, RHH Ad, p. 5, No. 74
^ Rey, 1883, p. 387
^ de Roziére, 1849, pp. 159-160, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 67-68, No. 267
^ Röhricht, 1893, RHH, pp. 70-71, No 278
^ Ellenblum, 2003, pp. 235 -236
^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 116
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol.3, Appendix 2, p. 122
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. 137, 141, 315
^ Guérin, 1868, p. 393, Guérin, 1869, p. 6
^ Socin, 1879, p. 155
^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 127, also noted 16 houses
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 10-11
^ Schick, 1896, p. 121
^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 15
^ Mills, 1932, p. 42
^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153
^ Palestine Studies, Gateway to the World-The Golden Age of Jerusalem Airport, 1948–67
^ An Empire in the Holy Land: Historical Geography of the British Administration of Palestine, 1917-1929 Gideon Biger, St. Martin's Press and Magnes Press, New York & Jerusalem, 1994, p. 152
^ Atarot and the Fate of the Jerusalem Airport
^ Larry Derfner (January 23, 2001). "An Intifada Casualty Named Atarot". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
^ ^a ^b ^c Qalandiya Village Profile, p. 16, ARIJ
^ Gelber, 2004, p.139
^ Gelber, 2004, p.162
^ Gelber, 2004, p.363
^ ^a ^b Qalandia Refugee Camp Profile Archived 2013-12-19 at the Wayback Machine
^ Kalandia Refugee Camp
^ United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (date unknown). Where We Work - West Bank - Camp Profiles - Kalandia. "The Israeli authorities consider this area as part of Greater Jerusalem, and the camp was thus excluded from the redeployment phase in 1995. Qalandia camp remains under Israeli control today." Retrieved from http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-profiles?field=12&qt-view__camps__camp_profiles_block=3.
^ Qalandiya Village Profile, p. 17, ARIJ
^ Projected Mid -Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
^ Garcia-Navarro, Lourdes (2012-07-26). Latest Target For Palestinians' Protest? Their Leader. NPR, 26 July 2012. Archived 2014-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
^ Funerals held for three Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops, The Guardian, Monday 26 August 2013

Bibliography

Baramki, D.C. (1933). "A Byzantine Bath at Qalandia". Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine. 2: 105–109.
Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
Ellenblum, R. (2003). Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521521871.
Gelber, Y. (2004). Independence Versus Nakba. Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir. ISBN 965-517-190-6.
Guérin, V. (1868). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
Rey, E.G. [in French] (1883). Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles (in French). Paris: A. Picard.
Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
Röhricht, R. (1904). (RRH Ad) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani Additamentum (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
de Roziére, ed. (1849). Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican (in Latin and French). Paris: Imprimerie nationale.
Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.

External links

Welcome To Qalandiya
Qalandia, Welcome to Palestine
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Qalandiya Village (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem, (ARIJ)
Qalandiya Village Profile, ARIJ
Qalandiya areal photo, ARIJ
Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Qalandiya, ARIJ
Kalandia Refugee Camp, articles from UNRWA.
Photostory: The Kalandia Terminal
Two Israeli families attacked in Qalandiya after losing their way
Kalandia Checkpoint acts as door to Jerusalem

[PrelimCensus2017-1] Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.

[2] Palmer, 1881, p. 321

[3] Kalandia Refugee Camp

[4] Magen, Y. (2004). Qalandiya–A Second Temple-period Viticulture and Wine-manufacturing Agricultural Settlement. The Land of Benjamin, 3.

[5] Ariel, D. T. (2004). The Coins from Qalandiya. The Land of Benjamin, 3, 145-177.

[SWP11-6] Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11

[7] Dauphin, 1998, p. 844

[8] Baramki, 1933, pp. 105-109

[9] Roziére, 1849, p. 30: Calandria, p.263: Kalendrie, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 16-17, No 74

[10] Röhricht, 1904, RHH Ad, p. 5, No. 74

[11] Rey, 1883, p. 387

[12] Roziére, 1849, pp. 159-160, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 67-68, No. 267

[13] Röhricht, 1893, RHH, pp. 70-71, No 278

[14] Ellenblum, 2003, pp. 235 -236

[15] Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 116

[16] Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol.3, Appendix 2, p. 122

[17] Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. 137, 141, 315

[18] Guérin, 1868, p. 393, Guérin, 1869, p. 6

[19] Socin, 1879, p. 155

[20] Hartmann, 1883, p. 127, also noted 16 houses

[21] Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 10-11

[22] Schick, 1896, p. 121

[Census1922-23] Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 15

[Census1931-24] Mills, 1932, p. 42

[1945p25-25] Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25

[Hadawi58-26] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58

[27] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103

[28] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153

[29] Palestine Studies, Gateway to the World-The Golden Age of Jerusalem Airport, 1948–67

[30] An Empire in the Holy Land: Historical Geography of the British Administration of Palestine, 1917-1929 Gideon Biger, St. Martin's Press and Magnes Press, New York & Jerusalem, 1994, p. 152

[31] Atarot and the Fate of the Jerusalem Airport

[32] Larry Derfner (January 23, 2001). "An Intifada Casualty Named Atarot". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved 2007-11-07.

[ARIJ16-33] Qalandiya Village Profile, p. 16, ARIJ

[34] Gelber, 2004, p.139

[35] Gelber, 2004, p.162

[36] Gelber, 2004, p.363

[ochaoptPDF-37] Qalandia Refugee Camp Profile Archived 2013-12-19 at the Wayback Machine

[38] Kalandia Refugee Camp

[unrwa-39] United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (date unknown). Where We Work - West Bank - Camp Profiles - Kalandia. "The Israeli authorities consider this area as part of Greater Jerusalem, and the camp was thus excluded from the redeployment phase in 1995. Qalandia camp remains under Israeli control today." Retrieved from http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-profiles?field=12&qt-view__camps__camp_profiles_block=3.

[ARIJ17-40] Qalandiya Village Profile, p. 17, ARIJ

[41] Projected Mid -Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.

[42] Garcia-Navarro, Lourdes (2012-07-26). Latest Target For Palestinians' Protest? Their Leader. NPR, 26 July 2012. Archived 2014-06-10 at the Wayback Machine

[43] Funerals held for three Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops, The Guardian, Monday 26 August 2013

[UNRWA-CampProfiles-44] "Camp Profiles". unrwa.org. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Retrieved 2 July 2015.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
+{{Pp-extended|small=yes}}
 {{Infobox settlement
 | name                    = Qalandia/Kalandia
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 | translit_lang1_info1    = Qalandiya (unofficial)
 | type                    = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality type D (Village council)]]
-| image_skyline           = Flickr_-_boellstiftung_-_Flüchtlingslager_Kalandia.jpg
+| image_skyline           = QalandiaVillageMay022023 01.jpg
-| image_caption           = Kalandia refugee camp
+| image_caption           = Qalandia Village
 | pushpin_map             = Palestine
 | pushpin_map_caption     = Location of Qalandia/Kalandia within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 | elevation_min_m         =
 | elevation_max_m         =
+| population_footnotes    = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
-| population_footnotes    =
-| population_total        = 25,595
+| population_total        = 572
-| population_as_of        = 2006
+| population_as_of        = 2017
 | population_note         =
 | population_density_km2  = auto
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 [[File:East Jerusalem enclaves.jpg|thumbnail|The barrier in northern Jerusalem, which confines Kalandia village (in the north) to an enclave under Israeli control.]]
-'''Kalandia''' ({{lang-ar|قلنديا}}, {{lang-he|קלנדיה}}), also '''Qalandiya''', is  a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] village located in the [[West Bank]], between [[Jerusalem]] and [[Ramallah]], just west from the Jerusalem municipality boundary. In 2006, 1,154 people were living in the village according to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]].<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop08.aspx Projected Mid -Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207052201/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop08.aspx |date=2012-02-07 }} [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]].</ref> Kalandia is also the name of a refugee camp, established by [[United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East|UNRWA]] in 1949. It is located just east from Jerusalem municipality. Kalandia refugee camp was built for Palestinians refugees from [[Lydda]], [[Ramle]] and Jerusalem of the [[1948 Palestinian exodus]].<ref>[http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-profiles?field=12   Kalandia Refugee Camp]</ref>
+'''Qalandia''' ({{lang-ar|قلنديا}}, {{lang-he|קלנדיה}}), also '''Kalandiya''', is  a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] village located in the [[West Bank]], between [[Jerusalem]] and [[Ramallah]], just west from the Jerusalem municipality boundary. The village had a population of 572 residents in 2017.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" /> Qalandia is also the name of a refugee camp, established by [[United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East|UNRWA]] in 1949. It is located just east from Jerusalem municipality. [[Qalandia refugee camp]] was built for Palestinians refugees from [[Lydda]], [[Ramle]] and Jerusalem of the [[1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight]].<ref>[http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-profiles?field=12   Kalandia Refugee Camp]</ref>
 ==History==
+In Qalandiya, archaeologists unearthed the remnants of a wine-producing Jewish farm dating back to the [[Second Temple period]]. Inhabited during the [[Hellenistic period]] until its destruction during the [[First Jewish–Roman War]], the site featured two large structures, a [[mikveh]], and rock-cut industrial facilities. Findings include a plethora of artifacts—hundreds of coins, potsherds, chalk vessels, metal objects, jewelry, and an array of tools. Nearby exploration revealed burial caves, winepresses, cisterns, and quarries.<ref>Magen, Y. (2004). Qalandiya–A Second Temple-period Viticulture and Wine-manufacturing Agricultural Settlement. The Land of Benjamin, 3.</ref><ref>Ariel, D. T. (2004). The Coins from Qalandiya. The Land of Benjamin, 3, 145-177.</ref>
-Ancient tombs have been found at Kalandia.<ref name=SWP11>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/11/mode/1up 11]</ref>
-A [[Byzantine]] bath has been excavated, and pottery from the same period has also been located there.<ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 844</ref><ref>Baramki, 1933, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.56292/2015.56292.Quarterly-Of-The-Department-Of-Antiquities-In-Palestine-Vol2#page/n235/mode/1up 105]-109</ref>
+Ancient tombs have been found at Qalandia.<ref name="SWP11">Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/11/mode/1up 11]</ref> A [[Byzantine]] bath has been excavated, and pottery from the same period has also been located there.<ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 844</ref><ref>Baramki, 1933, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.56292/2015.56292.Quarterly-Of-The-Department-Of-Antiquities-In-Palestine-Vol2#page/n235/mode/1up 105]-109</ref>
-During the [[Crusader states|Crusader]] period, it was noted that Kalandia was one of 21 villages given by King [[Godfrey of Bouillon|Godfrey]] as a [[fief]] to the [[Canon (priest)|canons]] of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre|Holy Sepulchre]].<ref name=SWP11/><ref>de Roziére, 1849,  p. [https://archive.org/stream/cartulairedelgl00jergoog#page/n42/mode/1up 30]: ''Calandria'', p.[https://archive.org/stream/cartulairedelgl00jergoog#page/n273/mode/1up 263]: ''Kalendrie'',  cited in Röhricht,  1893, RRH, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n24/mode/1up 16]-17, No 74</ref><ref>Röhricht, 1904,     RHH  Ad,   p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n539/mode/1up 5], No. 74</ref><ref>Rey, 1883, p.  [https://archive.org/stream/lescoloniesfran00reygoog#page/n414/mode/1up 387]</ref> In 1151 the [[Abbot]] leased the use of  the vineyards and orchards of Kalandia to a Nemes the Syrian and his brother Anthony and their children. In return the convent was given a part of  the yearly production from these fields.<ref>de Roziére, 1849,  pp. [https://archive.org/stream/cartulairedelgl00jergoog#page/n170/mode/1up 159]-160, cited in Röhricht,  1893, RRH,  p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n73/mode/1up 67]-68, No. 267</ref> In 1152 Queen [[Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem|Melisende]] exchanged villagers whom she owned for shops and two moneychanger counters in Jerusalem. All the names of the Kalandia villagers were Christian, which indicate that Kalandia was a Christian village at the time.<ref>Röhricht,  1893, RHH,  pp.  [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n76/mode/1up  70]-71, No 278</ref><ref>Ellenblum, 2003, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA235  235] -236</ref>
+During the [[Crusader states|Crusader]] period, it was noted that Qalandia was one of 21 villages given by King [[Godfrey of Bouillon|Godfrey]] as a [[fief]] to the [[Canon (priest)|canons]] of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre|Holy Sepulchre]].<ref name=SWP11/><ref>de Roziére, 1849,  p. [https://archive.org/stream/cartulairedelgl00jergoog#page/n42/mode/1up 30]: ''Calandria'', p.[https://archive.org/stream/cartulairedelgl00jergoog#page/n273/mode/1up 263]: ''Kalendrie'',  cited in Röhricht,  1893, RRH, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n24/mode/1up 16]-17, No 74</ref><ref>Röhricht, 1904,     RHH  Ad,   p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n539/mode/1up 5], No. 74</ref><ref>Rey, 1883, p.  [https://archive.org/stream/lescoloniesfran00reygoog#page/n414/mode/1up 387]</ref> In 1151 the [[Abbot]] leased the use of  the vineyards and orchards of Qalandia to a Nemes the Syrian and his brother Anthony and their children. In return the convent was given a part of  the yearly production from these fields.<ref>de Roziére, 1849,  pp. [https://archive.org/stream/cartulairedelgl00jergoog#page/n170/mode/1up 159]-160, cited in Röhricht,  1893, RRH,  p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n73/mode/1up 67]-68, No. 267</ref> In 1152 Queen [[Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem|Melisende]] exchanged villagers whom she owned for shops and two moneychanger counters in Jerusalem. All the names of the Qalandia villagers were Christian, which indicate that Qalandia was a Christian village at the time.<ref>Röhricht,  1893, RHH,  pp.  [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n76/mode/1up  70]-71, No 278</ref><ref>Ellenblum, 2003, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA235  235] -236</ref>
 ===Ottoman era===
-Kalandia, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517, and in the Ottoman [[daftar|census]] of 1596, the village, called Qalandiya, was a part of the ''[[nahiya]]'' ("subdistrict") of [[Al-Quds]] which was under the administration of the ''[[Liwa (Arabic)|liwa]]'' ("district") of Al-Quds. The village had a population of 15 households, all [[Muslim]], and paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on wheat, barley, olives, beehives and/or goats, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 3,900 [[akçe]].<ref>Hütteroth and  Abdulfattah, 1977,  p. 116</ref>
+Qalandia, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517, and in the Ottoman [[daftar|census]] of 1596, the village, called Qalandiya, was a part of the ''[[nahiya]]'' ("subdistrict") of [[Al-Quds]] which was under the administration of the ''[[Liwa (Arabic)|liwa]]'' ("district") of Al-Quds. The village had a population of 15 households, all [[Muslim]], and paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on wheat, barley, olives, beehives and/or goats, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 3,900 [[akçe]].<ref>Hütteroth and  Abdulfattah, 1977,  p. 116</ref>
 In 1838, it was noted as a Muslim village in the Jerusalem District.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol.3,  Appendix 2, p.  [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/122/mode/1up 122]</ref><ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. [https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n159/mode/1up 137], [https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n163/mode/1up 141], [https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n337/mode/1up 315]</ref>
 In 1863, the French explorer [[Victor Guérin]] visited the village, which he described as small [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] consisting of a few houses with [[ficus|fig]] plantations  around  them,<ref>Guérin, 1868,  p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01gu#page/393/mode/1up 393], Guérin, 1869, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n19/mode/1up 6]</ref> while an Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed 16 houses and a population of 50, though  the population count included only the men.<ref>Socin, 1879,  p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/155/mode/1up 155]</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n935/mode/1up  127], also noted 16 houses</ref>
 In 1883, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' described the village as a "small village on a swell, surrounded by olives, with [[quarries]] to the west."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/10/mode/1up 10]-11</ref>
 In 1896 the population of ''Kalandije'' was estimated to be about 150 persons.<ref>Schick, 1896, p.  [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n228/mode/1up  121]</ref>
 ===British Mandate era===
-In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[British Mandate for Palestine (legal instrument)|British Mandate authorities]], ''Qalandieh (Qalandia)'' had a population of 144, of which 122 Muslims and 22 [[Jews]].<ref name=Census1922>Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n17/mode/1up  15]</ref> This had decreased in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] when ''Qalandiya'' had an all-Muslim population of 120, in 25 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas  42]</ref>
+In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandate for Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], ''Qalandieh (Qalandia)'' had a population of 144, of which 122 Muslims and 22 [[Jews]].<ref name=Census1922>Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n17/mode/1up  15]</ref> This had decreased in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] when ''Qalandiya'' had an all-Muslim population of 120, in 25 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas  42]</ref>
-In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 survey]], Kalandia had a population of 190 Muslims,<ref name=1945p25>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p25.jpg   25]</ref> and a land area of 3,940 [[dunam]]s.<ref name=Hadawi58>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jerusalem/Page-058.jpg  58]</ref> 427 dunams were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,202 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jerusalem/Page-103.jpg  103]</ref> while six dunams were built-up.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jerusalem/Page-153.jpg  153]</ref>
+In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 survey]], Qalandia had a population of 190 Muslims,<ref name=1945p25>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p25.jpg   25]</ref> and a land area of 3,940 [[dunam]]s.<ref name=Hadawi58>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jerusalem/Page-058.jpg  58]</ref> 427 dunams were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,202 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jerusalem/Page-103.jpg  103]</ref> while six dunams were built-up.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jerusalem/Page-153.jpg  153]</ref>
-====Kalandia airport====
+====Qalandia airport====
 {{main|Atarot Airport}}
+An airstrip to the east of Qalandia was built by the British army in 1925. It was located a few kilometers
-Until 1927, Kalandia was the only airport in [[Mandatory Palestine]], although there were several military airfields. Kalandia was used for prominent guests bound for Jerusalem.<ref>''An Empire in the Holy Land: Historical Geography of the British Administration of Palestine, 1917-1929'' Gideon Biger, St. Martin's Press and Magnes Press, New York & Jerusalem, 1994, p. 152</ref> It opened for regular flights in 1936.<ref>[http://www.jerusalemquarterly.org/ViewArticle.aspx?id=20 Atarot and the Fate of the Jerusalem Airport]</ref> After the [[Six-Day War]], it was renamed [[Atarot Airport]] by Israel, but closed down due to disturbances related to the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]], and because international companies refused to land there.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=6648| title=An Intifada Casualty Named Atarot| author=Larry Derfner| publisher=[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles]]| date=January 23, 2001| accessdate=2007-11-07}}</ref> Israel confiscated 639 dunums from Kalandia village in order to establish a military base at the former airport.<ref name=ARIJ16/>
+north of Jerusalem at a site that offered flat terrain in a largely hilly region. In 1936 it was renovated by the  Jewish entrepreneur [[Pinchas Rutenberg]]  and began to be used commercially on a limited basis by
+Rutenberg’s airline, Palestine Airways, and the British carrier, Imperial Airways.<ref>[https://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/jq-articles/Gateway%20to%20the%20World-The%20Golden%20Age%20of%20Jerusalem%20Airport%2C%201948%E2%80%9367.pdf Palestine Studies, Gateway to the World-The Golden Age of Jerusalem Airport, 1948–67]</ref>
+Until 1927, it was the only airport in [[Mandatory Palestine]], although there were several military airfields. Qalandia was used for prominent guests bound for [[Jerusalem]].<ref>''An Empire in the Holy Land: Historical Geography of the British Administration of Palestine, 1917-1929'' Gideon Biger, St. Martin's Press and Magnes Press, New York & Jerusalem, 1994, p. 152</ref> It opened for regular flights in 1936.<ref>[http://www.jerusalemquarterly.org/ViewArticle.aspx?id=20 Atarot and the Fate of the Jerusalem Airport]</ref>
+[[File:Jerusalem Airport Terminal Dec 23 1961.jpg|thumb|Jerusalem airport, 1961]]
+After the [[Six-Day War]], it was renamed [[Atarot Airport]] by Israel, but closed down due to disturbances related to the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]], and because international companies refused to land there.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=6648| title=An Intifada Casualty Named Atarot| author=Larry Derfner| publisher=[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles]]| date=January 23, 2001| access-date=2007-11-07}}</ref> Israel confiscated 639 dunums from Qalandia village in order to establish a military base at the former airport.<ref name=ARIJ16/>
 ===1947–1949===
-During the [[1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]], in early January 1948, the residents of Kalandia evacuated the village and moved to [[Ramallah]], leaving a few young men to protect the property and make sure mines were not planted on the way leading to the village and the nearby mine.<ref>Gelber, 2004, p.139</ref> The villagers returned to the village and after the news of the [[Deir Yassin massacre]] arrived the women, the children and most of the men were evacuated again and the village became a post of the [[Arab Liberation Army]]<ref>Gelber, 2004, p.162</ref> In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Kalandia came under [[Jordan|Jordanian]] rule. It was [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|annexed by Jordan]] in 1950.
+During the [[1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]], in early January 1948, the residents of Qalandia evacuated the village and moved to [[Ramallah]], leaving a few young men to protect the property and make sure mines were not planted on the way leading to the village and the nearby mine.<ref>Gelber, 2004, p.139</ref> The villagers returned to the village and after the news of the [[Deir Yassin massacre]] arrived the women, the children and most of the men were evacuated again and the village became a post of the [[Arab Liberation Army]]<ref>Gelber, 2004, p.162</ref> In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Qalandia came under [[Jordan]]ian rule. It was [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|annexed by Jordan]] in 1950.
-===Kalandia refugee camp===
+===Qalandia refugee camp===
+{{main|Kalandia Camp}}
-[[File:Qalandiya.jpg|thumb|200px|The Kalandia checkpoint between Jerusalem and Ramallah is known for frequent demonstrations against the occupation.<ref>Garcia-Navarro, Lourdes (2012-07-26). Latest Target For Palestinians' Protest? Their Leader. NPR, 26 July 2012. Retrieved from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-207480084.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610090031/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-207480084.html |date=2014-06-10 }}.</ref>]]
-The Qalandia [[Palestine refugee camps|refugee camp]] was established in 1949 by the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]]<ref>Gelber, 2004, p.363</ref> on land leased from [[Jordan]]. It covers {{convert|353|dunum|km2 ha}} as of 2006<ref name=ochaoptPDF>[http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_campprof_unrwa_qalandia_oct_2008.pdf Kalandia Refugee Camp Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219033633/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_campprof_unrwa_qalandia_oct_2008.pdf |date=2013-12-19 }}</ref> and has a population of 10,024<ref>[https://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/westbank/kalandia.html Kalandia Refugee Camp]</ref> with 935 structures divided into 8 blocks.<ref name=ochaoptPDF/> Israeli authorities consider it part of Greater Jerusalem, and it remains under their control.<ref name="unrwa">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (date unknown). Where We Work - West Bank - Camp Profiles - Kalandia. "The Israeli authorities consider this area as part of Greater Jerusalem, and the camp was thus excluded from the redeployment phase in 1995. Kalandia camp remains under Israeli control today." Retrieved from http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-profiles?field=12&qt-view__camps__camp_profiles_block=3.</ref>
+The Qalandia [[Palestine refugee camps|refugee camp]] was established in 1949 by the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]]<ref>Gelber, 2004, p.363</ref> on land leased from [[Jordan]]. It covers {{convert|353|dunum|km2 ha}} as of 2006<ref name=ochaoptPDF>[http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_campprof_unrwa_qalandia_oct_2008.pdf Qalandia Refugee Camp Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219033633/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/opt_campprof_unrwa_qalandia_oct_2008.pdf |date=2013-12-19 }}</ref> and has a population of 10,024<ref>[https://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/westbank/kalandia.html Kalandia Refugee Camp]</ref> with 935 structures divided into 8 blocks.<ref name=ochaoptPDF/> Israeli authorities consider it part of Greater Jerusalem, and it remains under their control.<ref name="unrwa">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (date unknown). Where We Work - West Bank - Camp Profiles - Kalandia. "The Israeli authorities consider this area as part of Greater Jerusalem, and the camp was thus excluded from the redeployment phase in 1995. Qalandia camp remains under Israeli control today." Retrieved from http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-profiles?field=12&qt-view__camps__camp_profiles_block=3.</ref>
 ===1967-present===
-Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Kalandia has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]].
+Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Qalandia has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]].
-After the [[Oslo II Accord|1995 accords]], 2% of  Qalandiya’s land was classified as [[Area B]], while the remaining 98% is [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]].<ref name=ARIJ16>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Qalandiya_EN.pdf Qalandiya Village Profile], p. 16, ARIJ</ref> Israel has confiscated 574 [[dunam]]s of land from Qalandiya in order to construct the Israeli industrial settlement [[Atarot]] and 639 dunams for the Israeli [[Atarot Airport|Qalandiya military base]].<ref name=ARIJ16/> 1,940 dunums of the village, 59.3% of the village’s total area is isolated behind the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]].<ref name=ARIJ17>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Qalandiya_EN.pdf Qalandiya Village Profile], p. 17, ARIJ</ref>
+After the [[Oslo II Accord|1995 accords]], 2% of  Qalandiya’s land was classified as [[Palestinian enclaves|Area B]], while the remaining 98% is [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]].<ref name=ARIJ16>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Qalandiya_EN.pdf Qalandiya Village Profile], p. 16, ARIJ</ref> Israel has confiscated 574 [[dunam]]s of land from Qalandiya in order to construct the Israeli industrial settlement [[Atarot]] and 639 dunams for the Israeli [[Atarot Airport|Qalandiya military base]].<ref name=ARIJ16/> 1,940 dunums of the village, 59.3% of the village’s total area is isolated behind the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]].<ref name=ARIJ17>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Qalandiya_EN.pdf Qalandiya Village Profile], p. 17, ARIJ</ref> In 2006, 1,154 people were living in the village according to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]].<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop08.aspx Projected Mid -Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207052201/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop08.aspx |date=2012-02-07 }} [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]].</ref>
+The [[Qalandia checkpoint]] is the main checkpoint between the northern West Bank and Jerusalem, and is known for frequent demonstrations against the occupation.<ref>Garcia-Navarro, Lourdes (2012-07-26). Latest Target For Palestinians' Protest? Their Leader. NPR, 26 July 2012.  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610090031/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-207480084.html |date=2014-06-10 }}</ref>
-====Kalandia checkpoint====
-Kalandia is the main checkpoint between the northern West Bank and Jerusalem. The checkpoint is used by the Israeli military to control Palestinian access to East Jerusalem and Israel. Israel requires Palestinians to have permits to pass through the checkpoint to East Jerusalem and Israel for their work, medical care, education or for religious reasons.<ref>[http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/Commercial%20Crossings%20V5.pdf OCHA Commercial Crossings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314071422/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/commercial%20crossings%20v5.pdf |date=2016-03-14 }} report of 22 January 2008</ref><ref>Hubbard, Ben, ([[Associated Press]]), "[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35505095/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/checkpoint-misery-epitomizes-mideast-divide/ Checkpoint misery epitomizes a Mideast divide]", ''NBC News'', February 21, 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Barahona|first=Ana|title=Bearing Witness - Eight weeks in Palestine|publisher=Metete|location=London| isbn= 978-1-908099-02-0|year=2013|page=13}}</ref> According to [[B'Tselem]], most of the people who use the checkpoint are residents of East Jerusalem separated from the city by the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]].<ref name=bt201403>{{cite web|title=Qalandiya Checkpoint, March 2014: An obstacle to normal life|url=http://www.btselem.org/photoblog/201404_qalandiya_checkpoint|publisher=B'Tselem|date=March 2014}}</ref>
 The Israeli [[2013 Qalandia raid]] led to clashes with local residents, leaving three of Qalandia's inhabitants dead and several critically wounded.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/26/palestinians-shot-dead-israel-funerals Funerals held for three Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops], The Guardian, Monday 26 August 2013</ref>
@@ Line 97: / Line 104: @@
 ==Bibliography==
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+*{{cite journal | last = Baramki |first=D.C. | title = A Byzantine Bath at Qalandia|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56292 |journal = Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine| volume = 2 | year = 1933 | pages = 105–109|author-link= Dimitri Baramki}}
-*{{cite book | editor =Barron,  J.B.  | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922  | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
+*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B.  | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922  | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
-*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}}
+*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}}
-*{{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = Claudine  | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =French|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
+*{{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin  | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =fr|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
 *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
-*{{cite book |first=Ronnie|last=Ellenblum|title=Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C  | publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|ISBN= 9780521521871}}
+*{{cite book |first=R.|last=Ellenblum|author-link= Ronnie Ellenblum|title=Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C  | publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn= 9780521521871}}
-*{{cite book |first=Y.|last=Gelber|authorlink=Yoav Gelber|title=Independence Versus Nakba|url=| publisher=[[Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir]]|year=2004|ISBN= 965-517-190-6}}
+*{{cite book |first=Y.|last=Gelber|author-link=Yoav Gelber|title=Independence Versus Nakba| publisher=[[Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir]]|year=2004|isbn= 965-517-190-6}}
-*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique  Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog01gu|volume=1: Judee,  pt. 1|year=1868|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
+*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog01gu|volume=1: Judee, pt. 1|year=1868|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
-*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique  Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee,  pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
+*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee, pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
-*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
+*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
-*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| authorlink = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)  | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
+*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| author-link = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)  | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
 *{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=Wolf-Dieter |first2=Kamal | last2=Abdulfattah | title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ  | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
 *{{cite book | editor = Mills, E.  | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
-*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
+*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
-*{{cite book|last=Rey|first=E.G. |authorlink=:fr:Emmanuel Guillaume-Rey |title=Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles|url=https://archive.org/details/lescoloniesfran00reygoog|year=1883|publisher=A. Picard|location=Paris|language=French}}
+*{{cite book|last=Rey|first=E.G. |author-link=:fr:Emmanuel Guillaume-Rey |title=Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles|url=https://archive.org/details/lescoloniesfran00reygoog|year=1883|publisher=A. Picard|location=Paris|language=fr}}
-*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}}
+*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}}
-*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=http://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
+*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=http://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
-*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R. |authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=Latin}}
+*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R. |author-link=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=la}}
-*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R. |authorlink=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH Ad) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani Additamentum|url=https://archive.org/stream/registaregnihier00rhuoft#page/525/mode/1up|year=1904|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=Latin}}
+*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R. |author-link=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH Ad) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani Additamentum|url=https://archive.org/stream/registaregnihier00rhuoft#page/525/mode/1up|year=1904|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=la}}
-*{{cite book|editor=de Roziére|title=Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican|url=https://archive.org/details/cartulairedelgl00jergoog|year=1849|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|location=Paris|language=Latin, French}}
+*{{cite book|editor=de Roziére|title=Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican|url=https://archive.org/details/cartulairedelgl00jergoog|year=1849|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|location=Paris|language=la, fr}}
-*{{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| authorlink = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = 120–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
+*{{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| author-link = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = 120–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
-*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| authorlink = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
+*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| author-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
 {{refend}}
@@ Line 136: / Line 143: @@
 {{Jerusalem Governorate}}
 {{Palestinian refugee camps}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Populated places established in 1949]]
 [[Category:Villages in the West Bank]]
-[[Category:Palestinian refugee camps in the West Bank]]
 [[Category:Jerusalem Governorate]]
 [[Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine]]

v t e Jerusalem Governorate
Subdistrict	Jerusalem J1 (Territories of East Jerusalem unilaterally annexed by Israel in its Jerusalem Municipality)
Cities	Abu Dis al-Eizariya (Bethany) al-Ram
Municipalities	Hizma Biddu Bir Nabala Kafr 'Aqab Qatanna
Villages	'Anata 'Arab al-Jahalin Beit 'Anan Beit Duqqu Beit Hanina Beit Ijza Beit Iksa Beit Safafa Beit Surik Jaba al-Jib al-Judeira Khan al-Ahmar Mukhmas Nabi Samwil al-Qubeiba Qalandia Rafat as-Sawahira ash-Sharqiya Sharafat ash-Sheikh Sa'd Shuafat az-Za'ayyem
Refugee camps	Qalandia Camp Shu'fat Camp