Ash Hollow State Historical Park: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 41°17′53″N 102°07′12″W / 41.29806°N 102.12000°W / 41.29806; -102.12000
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{{short description|Park in Nebraska, USA}}
{{Geobox|Protected Area
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
<!-- *** Name section *** -->
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Ash Hollow <br>State Historical Park
| name = Ash Hollow <br>State Historical Park
| native_name =
| iucn_category =
| other_name =
| photo = Ash Hollow Nebraska.JPG
| other_name1 =
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<!-- *** Category *** -->
| map = USA Nebraska#USA
| category = [[List of Nebraska state parks|Nebraska State Historical Park]]
| map_caption = Location in Nebraska
| category_iucn =
| relief = 1
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = Ash Hollow Nebraska.JPG
| location = [[Garden County, Nebraska]], [[United States]]
| nearest_town = [[Lewellen, Nebraska]]
| image_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|41|17|53|N|102|07|12|W|display=inline,title}}
| image_size = 280
| coords_ref = <ref name=gnis>{{cite gnis|827088|Ash Hollow State Historical Park}}</ref>
<!-- *** Etymology *** --->
| area = {{convert|1001.03|acre}}
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| elevation = {{convert|3363|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=gnis/>
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| designation = [[List of Nebraska state parks|Nebraska state historical park]]
| country = {{flag|United States}}
| established = 1962
| state = {{flag|Nebraska}}
| visitation_num =
| region_type = County
| visitation_year =
| region = [[Garden County, Nebraska|Garden]]
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| administrator = [[Nebraska Game and Parks Commission]]
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| website = [http://outdoornebraska.gov/ashhollow/ Ash Hollow State Historical Park]
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{{Infobox NRHP
| city =
| embed = yes
| city1 =
| name = Ash Hollow Cave
<!-- *** Geography *** -->
| nrhp_type = nhl
| location = [[Lewellen, Nebraska|Lewellen]]
| image =
| coordinates = {{coord|41|17|53|N|102|07|12|W|display=inline,title}}
| image_size = 280
| capital_coordinates =
| location = [[Garden County, Nebraska|Garden County]], [[Nebraska|Nebraska, USA]], near [[Lewellen, Nebraska]]
| mouth_coordinates =
| designated_nrhp_type = July 19, 1964<ref name=nhllist/>
| coordinates_note = <ref name=gnis>{{cite gnis|827088|Ash Hollow State Historical Park}}</ref>
| added = October 15, 1966<ref name=npgallery/>
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<!-- *** Nature *** -->
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<!-- *** People *** -->
| established_type = Established
| established = 1962
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| management_body = [[Nebraska Game and Parks Commission]]
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<!-- *** Map section *** -->
| map = Nebraska Locator Map.PNG
| map_caption = Location in Nebraska
| map_locator = Nebraska
| map_size = 280
| map_first =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| website = [http://outdoornebraska.gov/ashhollow/ Ash Hollow State Historical Park]
{{Infobox NRHP |embed=yes
| name = Ash Hollow Cave
| nrhp_type = nhl
| image =
| caption =
| locmapin =
| map_alt = Near southeast corner of Nebraska Panhandle
| map_caption = Location of Ash Hollow State Historical Park in Nebraska
| coordinates =
| location = [[Garden County, Nebraska|Garden County]], [[Nebraska|Nebraska, USA]], near [[Lewellen, Nebraska]]
| designated_nrhp_type = July 19, 1964<ref name=listing/>
| added = October 15, 1966<ref name=nomination/>
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| area = {{convert|8.9|acre}}
| refnum = 66000445
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| governing_body = [[Nebraska Game and Parks Commission]]
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'''Ash Hollow State Historical Park''' is located near [[Lewellen, Nebraska]] in [[Garden County, Nebraska|Garden County]]. The park comprises two attractions located {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} from each other: Ash Hollow Cave and Windlass Hill.<ref name=ngpc/>
'''Ash Hollow State Historical Park''' is located {{convert|5|mi|spell=in}} south of [[Lewellen, Nebraska|Lewellen]] in [[Garden County, Nebraska|Garden County]], [[Nebraska]]. The park comprises two attractions located {{convert|2.5|mi}} from each other: Ash Hollow Cave and Windlass Hill.<ref name=ngpc/>


==Ash Hollow Cave==
==Ash Hollow cave==
A spring in the vicinity of Ash Hollow Cave made it an attractive site for human habitation. Archaeological explorations of the cave have revealed that at least four distinct indigenous cultures occupied this area, during a period of more than 1,500 years. These include the [[Plains Apache|Apache]] from A.D. 1675-1725; the [[Central Plains Tradition]] from A.D. 900-1450; the [[Woodland period|Woodland Tradition]] from A.D. 0-1100; and the [[Archaic period in the Americas|Late Archaic Tradition]] from 1000 B.C.-A.D. 500. The cave was used as a base camp for hunting and food collecting.
A spring in the vicinity of Ash Hollow Cave made it an attractive site for periodic human habitation. Archaeological explorations of the cave have revealed that at least four distinct indigenous cultures occupied this area, during a period of more than 1,500 years. These include the [[Plains Apache|Apache]] from A.D. 1675-1725; the [[Central Plains tradition]] from A.D. 900-1450; the [[Woodland period|Woodland tradition]] from A.D. 0-1100; and the [[Archaic period in the Americas|Late Archaic tradition]] from 1000 B.C.-A.D. 500.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} The cave was used as a base camp for hunting and food collecting.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}


From the early 18th century, this became an area predominately of [[Lakota Sioux]] occupation. The September 1855 [[Battle of Ash Hollow]] took place near here. The United States Army, with 600 troops, made a punitive attack on a Brule Sioux encampment, killing a total of 86 people, including women and children, and taking another 70 women and children as captives.
From the early 18th century, this became an area predominantly of [[Lakota Sioux]] occupation. The September 1855 [[Ash Hollow Massacre]] took place near here. The United States Army, with 600 troops, made a punitive attack on a Brule Sioux encampment, killing a total of 86 people, including women and children, and taking another 70 women and children as captives.<ref name=nebraskamarkers/> The attack on the Lakota Sioux was launched as a result of the [[Grattan Event]] of 1854 near Ft Laramie, Wyoming.


In 1962 the site was protected as part of an 8.9 acre [[List of Nebraska state parks|Nebraska state park]]. Ash Hollow Cave was named as a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1964, and the surrounding area was named the Ash Hollow Historic District in 1975; it is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. In 1978, a visitor center was built overlooking the canyon.
In 1962, the site was protected as part of a 312-acre [[List of Nebraska state parks|Nebraska state park]].<ref name=diffendal/> Ash Hollow Cave was named as a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1964, and listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1966. The surrounding area was named the Ash Hollow Historic District in 1975.<ref name=npgallery2/> In 1978, a visitor center was built overlooking the canyon.<ref name=star/>


==Windlass Hill==
==Windlass Hill==
Windlass Hill is located along the [[Oregon Trail|Oregon]]-[[California Trail]]. The hill marked the entrance from the high table lands to the south into the Ash Hollow area and the [[North Platte River]] valley. Wagon ruts are visible on the hill. The name "Windlass Hill" was not used by the emigrants, and the source of the name is unknown. Emigrants had a hard time going down the hill at a 25-degree angle, going down for about 300 feet.
Windlass Hill is located along the [[Oregon Trail|Oregon]]-[[California Trail]]. The hill marked the entrance from the high table lands to the south into the Ash Hollow area and the [[North Platte River]] valley. Wagon ruts are visible on the hill.<ref name=historynebraska/> The name "Windlass Hill" was not used by the emigrants,<ref name=nebraskamarkers/> and the source of the name is unknown. Emigrants had a hard time going down the hill at a 25-degree angle, going down for about 300 feet.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Battle of Ash Hollow]]
*[[Courthouse and Jail Rocks]]
* [[List of Registered Historic Places in Nebraska]]
*[[List of Registered Historic Places in Nebraska]]
* [[List of Nebraska state parks]]
* [[Courthouse and Jail Rocks]]


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* Champe, J.L. ''Ash Hollow Cave, A Study of Stratigraphic Sequence in the Central Great Plains.''
* Champe, J.L. ''Ash Hollow Cave, A Study of Stratigraphic Sequence in the Central Great Plains.'' University of Nebraska Studies, 1946.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=ngpc>{{cite web|url=http://outdoornebraska.gov/ashfall/ |title=Ash Hollow State Historical Park |publisher=Nebraska Game and Parks Commission |accessdate=January 13, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name=ngpc>{{cite web|url=http://outdoornebraska.gov/ashhollow/ |title=Ash Hollow State Historical Park |publisher=Nebraska Game and Parks Commission |access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>


<ref name=ngpc2>{{cite web |url=http://www.ngpc.state.ne.us/parks/guides/parksearch/showpark.asp?Area_No=8 |title=Ash Hollow State Historical Park |publisher=Nebraska Game and Parks Commission |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905191806/http://outdoornebraska.ne.gov/parks/guides/parksearch/showpark.asp?Area_No=279 |archivedate=September 5, 2015 |accessdate=October 11, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name=ngpc2>{{cite web |url=https://data-outdoornebraska.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/state-park-locations/data?where=AreaName%20%3D%20%27Ash%20Hollow%20SHP%27 |title=Ash Hollow State Historical Park |publisher=NGPC Map and Data Portal |date=March 1, 2017 |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref>


<ref name=listing>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/ne/NE.pdf |title=Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: Nebraska |work=National Historic Landmarks Program |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=January 13, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name=nhllist>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/list-of-nhls-by-state.htm |title=List of National Historic Landmarks by State |publisher=National Park Service |date=December 2016 |access-date=June 12, 2020}}</ref>


<ref name=nomination>{{cite web|url={{NHLS url|id=66000445}} |title=Ash Hollow Cave |work=National Register of Historic Places |author= |date=October 15, 1966 |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=January 13, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name=npgallery>{{cite web |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/66000445 |title=Ash Hollow Cave |work=NPGallery |date=October 15, 1966 |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=July 31, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=npgallery2>{{cite web |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/75001093 |title=Ash Hollow Historic District |work=NPGallery |date=August 6, 1975 |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=July 31, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=diffendal>{{cite web |url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=conservationsurvey |author=Diffendal|display-authors=et al |title=Geologic History of Ash Hollow State Historical Park |publisher=University of Nebraska-Lincoln |date=1996 |access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>

<ref name=historynebraska>{{cite web |url=https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/ash-hollow |title=Ash Hollow |work=History Nebraska |publisher=Nebraska History Museum |access-date=July 31, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=nebraskamarkers>{{cite web |url=https://history.nebraska.gov/blog/marker-monday-ash-hollow |title=Ash Hollow |series=Nebraska Marker Project |work=History Nebraska |publisher=Nebraska History Museum |date=September 25, 2017 |access-date=July 31, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=star>{{cite news |url=https://www.starherald.com/out_yonder/ash-hollow-still-making-history/article_64151f54-bee0-53e1-9ad1-0ab583dfef51.html |title=Ash Hollow still making history |first=Steve |last=Frederick |newspaper=Star Herald |publisher=Scottsbluff, Neb. |date=July 7, 2017 |access-date=July 31, 2018}}</ref>
}}
}}


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{{commons category|Ash Hollow State Historical Park (Garden County, Nebraska)|Ash Hollow State Historical Park}}
{{commons category|Ash Hollow State Historical Park (Garden County, Nebraska)|Ash Hollow State Historical Park}}
*[http://outdoornebraska.gov/ashhollow/ Ash Hollow State Historical Park] Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
*[http://outdoornebraska.gov/ashhollow/ Ash Hollow State Historical Park] Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
*[http://outdoornebraska.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/AshHollow-Map.pdf Ash Hollow State Historical Park Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801124754/http://outdoornebraska.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/AshHollow-Map.pdf |date=August 1, 2018 }} Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
*[http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/markers/texts/ash_hollow_geology.htm Ash Hollow Geology] Nebraska State Historical Society


{{Native Americans in Nebraska}}
{{Native Americans in Nebraska}}
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{{Registered Historic Places}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}
{{Protected areas of Nebraska}}
{{Protected areas of Nebraska}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Archaic period in North America]]
[[Category:Archaic period in North America]]

Latest revision as of 23:15, 28 April 2024

Ash Hollow
State Historical Park
Map showing the location of Ash Hollow State Historical Park
Map showing the location of Ash Hollow State Historical Park
Location in Nebraska
Map showing the location of Ash Hollow State Historical Park
Map showing the location of Ash Hollow State Historical Park
Ash Hollow State Historical Park (the United States)
LocationGarden County, Nebraska, United States
Nearest townLewellen, Nebraska
Coordinates41°17′53″N 102°07′12″W / 41.29806°N 102.12000°W / 41.29806; -102.12000[1]
Area1,001.03 acres (405.10 ha)[2]
Elevation3,363 ft (1,025 m)[1]
DesignationNebraska state historical park
Established1962
AdministratorNebraska Game and Parks Commission
WebsiteAsh Hollow State Historical Park
Ash Hollow Cave
LocationGarden County, Nebraska, USA, near Lewellen, Nebraska
Area8.9 acres (3.6 ha)
NRHP reference No.66000445
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[3]
Designated NHLJuly 19, 1964[4]

Ash Hollow State Historical Park is located five miles (8.0 km) south of Lewellen in Garden County, Nebraska. The park comprises two attractions located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from each other: Ash Hollow Cave and Windlass Hill.[5]

Ash Hollow cave[edit]

A spring in the vicinity of Ash Hollow Cave made it an attractive site for periodic human habitation. Archaeological explorations of the cave have revealed that at least four distinct indigenous cultures occupied this area, during a period of more than 1,500 years. These include the Apache from A.D. 1675-1725; the Central Plains tradition from A.D. 900-1450; the Woodland tradition from A.D. 0-1100; and the Late Archaic tradition from 1000 B.C.-A.D. 500.[citation needed] The cave was used as a base camp for hunting and food collecting.[citation needed]

From the early 18th century, this became an area predominantly of Lakota Sioux occupation. The September 1855 Ash Hollow Massacre took place near here. The United States Army, with 600 troops, made a punitive attack on a Brule Sioux encampment, killing a total of 86 people, including women and children, and taking another 70 women and children as captives.[6] The attack on the Lakota Sioux was launched as a result of the Grattan Event of 1854 near Ft Laramie, Wyoming.

In 1962, the site was protected as part of a 312-acre Nebraska state park.[7] Ash Hollow Cave was named as a National Historic Landmark in 1964, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The surrounding area was named the Ash Hollow Historic District in 1975.[8] In 1978, a visitor center was built overlooking the canyon.[9]

Windlass Hill[edit]

Windlass Hill is located along the Oregon-California Trail. The hill marked the entrance from the high table lands to the south into the Ash Hollow area and the North Platte River valley. Wagon ruts are visible on the hill.[10] The name "Windlass Hill" was not used by the emigrants,[6] and the source of the name is unknown. Emigrants had a hard time going down the hill at a 25-degree angle, going down for about 300 feet.

See also[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

  • Champe, J.L. Ash Hollow Cave, A Study of Stratigraphic Sequence in the Central Great Plains. University of Nebraska Studies, 1946.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Ash Hollow State Historical Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  2. ^ "Ash Hollow State Historical Park". NGPC Map and Data Portal. March 1, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  3. ^ "Ash Hollow Cave". NPGallery. National Park Service. October 15, 1966. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  4. ^ "List of National Historic Landmarks by State". National Park Service. December 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  5. ^ "Ash Hollow State Historical Park". Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  6. ^ a b "Ash Hollow". History Nebraska. Nebraska Marker Project. Nebraska History Museum. September 25, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  7. ^ Diffendal; et al. (1996). "Geologic History of Ash Hollow State Historical Park". University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  8. ^ "Ash Hollow Historic District". NPGallery. National Park Service. August 6, 1975. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  9. ^ Frederick, Steve (July 7, 2017). "Ash Hollow still making history". Star Herald. Scottsbluff, Neb. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  10. ^ "Ash Hollow". History Nebraska. Nebraska History Museum. Retrieved July 31, 2018.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ash Hollow State Historical Park.
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