Russian National Orchestra: Difference between revisions
m more composer links and performers added |
m final links to conductors and labels. |
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Line 146: | Line 146: | ||
''Tristia II'' |
''Tristia II'' |
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|Teodor Currentzis, Vladimir Ponkin |
|[[Teodor Currentzis]], [[Vladimir Ponkin]] |
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|Divine Art Records |
|Divine Art Records |
||
Line 218: | Line 218: | ||
Symphony No. 7 in C major |
Symphony No. 7 in C major |
||
|Paavo Järvi |
|[[Paavo Järvi]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
Line 254: | Line 254: | ||
Arabella Steinbacher, violin |
Arabella Steinbacher, violin |
||
|Vasily Petrenko |
|[[Vasily Petrenko]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
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Line 296: | Line 296: | ||
Vesna Children's Choir |
Vesna Children's Choir |
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|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Ondine |
|[[Ondine (record label)|Ondine]] |
||
ODE 1180-2D |
ODE 1180-2D |
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Line 309: | Line 309: | ||
Tatiana Porshneva and Alexei Bruni, violin |
Tatiana Porshneva and Alexei Bruni, violin |
||
|Carlo Ponti |
|[[Carlo Ponti (conductor)|Carlo Ponti]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
Line 353: | Line 353: | ||
Soloists: [[Rachel Barton Pine]], Alexander Romanovsky, Wen-Sinn Yang, Marc Chisson, Alexey Serov |
Soloists: [[Rachel Barton Pine]], Alexander Romanovsky, Wen-Sinn Yang, Marc Chisson, Alexey Serov |
||
|José Serebrier |
|[[José Serebrier]] |
||
|Warner Classics |
|[[Warner Classics]] |
||
2564-67946-5 (2CD) |
2564-67946-5 (2CD) |
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Line 378: | Line 378: | ||
''John of Damascus'', Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra after a poem by A. Tolstoy |
''John of Damascus'', Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra after a poem by A. Tolstoy |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
477 9505 6 |
477 9505 6 |
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Line 403: | Line 403: | ||
Moscow State Chamber Choir |
Moscow State Chamber Choir |
||
|José Serebrier |
|[[José Serebrier]] |
||
|Warner Classics 2564-68025-5 |
|[[Warner Classics]] 2564-68025-5 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] |
|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] |
||
Line 410: | Line 410: | ||
''Swan Lake'' – Ballet in Four Acts |
''Swan Lake'' – Ballet in Four Acts |
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|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Ondine |
|[[Ondine (record label)|Ondine]] |
||
ODE 1167-2D |
ODE 1167-2D |
||
Line 437: | Line 437: | ||
[[Sophia Loren]], [[Bill Clinton|Bill Clinton,]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], narrators in English |
[[Sophia Loren]], [[Bill Clinton|Bill Clinton,]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], narrators in English |
||
|Kent Nagano |
|[[Kent Nagano]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
Line 453: | Line 453: | ||
[[Ingrid Jacoby]], piano |
[[Ingrid Jacoby]], piano |
||
|Dmitry Liss |
|[[Dmitry Liss]] |
||
|Ondine |
|[[Ondine (record label)|Ondine]] |
||
ODE 1163-2 |
ODE 1163-2 |
||
Line 493: | Line 493: | ||
''Khovanshchina – Prelude and Dance of the Persian Slave Girls'' |
''Khovanshchina – Prelude and Dance of the Persian Slave Girls'' |
||
|Carlo Ponti |
|[[Carlo Ponti (conductor)|Carlo Ponti]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
SACD 5186332 |
SACD 5186332 |
||
Line 502: | Line 502: | ||
''Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasia'' |
''Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasia'' |
||
|Vladimir Jurowski |
|[[Vladimir Jurowski]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] 5186330 |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
5186330 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Ludwig van Beethoven]] |
|[[Ludwig van Beethoven]] |
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Line 510: | Line 511: | ||
[[Mikhail Pletnev]], piano |
[[Mikhail Pletnev]], piano |
||
|Christian Gansch |
|[[Christian Gansch]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
477 7475 |
477 7475 |
||
Line 520: | Line 521: | ||
[[Mikhail Pletnev]], piano |
[[Mikhail Pletnev]], piano |
||
|Christian Gansch |
|[[Christian Gansch]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
477 6417 |
477 6417 |
||
Line 532: | Line 533: | ||
''Ode to the End of the War'' |
''Ode to the End of the War'' |
||
|Vladimir Jurowski |
|[[Vladimir Jurowski]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
5186083 |
5186083 |
||
Line 550: | Line 551: | ||
The Moscow State Chamber Choir conducted by Vladimir Minin |
The Moscow State Chamber Choir conducted by Vladimir Minin |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
477 6409 |
477 6409 |
||
Line 561: | Line 562: | ||
[[Mikhail Pletnev]], piano |
[[Mikhail Pletnev]], piano |
||
|Christian Gansch |
|[[Christian Gansch]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
477 6416 |
477 6416 |
||
Line 581: | Line 582: | ||
Mikhail Pletnev, piano |
Mikhail Pletnev, piano |
||
|Christian Gansch |
|[[Christian Gansch]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
477 6415 |
477 6415 |
||
Line 591: | Line 592: | ||
Symphony No. 9 in E-flat major |
Symphony No. 9 in E-flat major |
||
|Yakov Kreizberg |
|[[Yakov Kreizberg]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
Line 609: | Line 610: | ||
[[Antonio Banderas]], narrator (in Spanish) |
[[Antonio Banderas]], narrator (in Spanish) |
||
|Kent Nagano |
|[[Kent Nagano]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 625: | Line 626: | ||
[[Julia Fischer]], violin |
[[Julia Fischer]], violin |
||
|Yakov Kreizberg |
|[[Yakov Kreizberg]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 631: | Line 632: | ||
Symphony No. 8 in C minor |
Symphony No. 8 in C minor |
||
|Paavo Berglund |
|[[Paavo Berglund]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 639: | Line 640: | ||
Symphony No. 6 in B minor |
Symphony No. 6 in B minor |
||
|Vladimir Jurowski |
|[[Vladimir Jurowski]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 673: | Line 674: | ||
''Divertimento'' – Ballet Suite from ''Le baiser de la fée'' |
''Divertimento'' – Ballet Suite from ''Le baiser de la fée'' |
||
|Vladimir Jurowski |
|[[Vladimir Jurowski]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 691: | Line 692: | ||
[[San Francisco Symphony|San Francisco Symphony Orchestra]] and Russian National Orchestra, [[Eric Ericson Chamber Choir]], [[San Francisco Symphony Chorus]] |
[[San Francisco Symphony|San Francisco Symphony Orchestra]] and Russian National Orchestra, [[Eric Ericson Chamber Choir]], [[San Francisco Symphony Chorus]] |
||
|Michael Tilson Thomas, Alexander Vedernikov |
|[[Michael Tilson Thomas]], [[Alexander Vedernikov]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 711: | Line 712: | ||
[[Julia Fischer]], violin |
[[Julia Fischer]], violin |
||
|Yakov Kreizberg |
|[[Yakov Kreizberg]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 737: | Line 738: | ||
Suite from ''The Bolt'' |
Suite from ''The Bolt'' |
||
|Alexander Vedernikov |
|[[Alexander Vedernikov]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 753: | Line 754: | ||
[[Sophia Loren]], [[Bill Clinton]], [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], narrators |
[[Sophia Loren]], [[Bill Clinton]], [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], narrators |
||
|Kent Nagano |
|[[Kent Nagano]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] SACD |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 771: | Line 772: | ||
Bonus track: ''Peter and the Wolf,'' [[Sophia Loren]], narrator |
Bonus track: ''Peter and the Wolf,'' [[Sophia Loren]], narrator |
||
|Kent Nagano |
|[[Kent Nagano]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 787: | Line 788: | ||
''Romeo and Juliet'', Suite No. 2 |
''Romeo and Juliet'', Suite No. 2 |
||
|Alexander Vedernikov |
|[[Alexander Vedernikov]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 799: | Line 800: | ||
[[Mari Kodama]], piano |
[[Mari Kodama]], piano |
||
|Kent Nagano |
|[[Kent Nagano]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 811: | Line 812: | ||
[[Nikolai Lugansky]], piano |
[[Nikolai Lugansky]], piano |
||
|Kent Nagano |
|[[Kent Nagano]] |
||
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
|[[Pentatone (record label)|Pentatone]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 823: | Line 824: | ||
[[Mikhail Pletnev]], piano |
[[Mikhail Pletnev]], piano |
||
|Mstislav Rostropovich |
|[[Mstislav Rostropovich]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]]471476 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan="3" |2002 |
! colspan="3" |2002 |
||
Line 842: | Line 843: | ||
''Romeo and Juliet'' ''Overture-Fantasia'' |
''Romeo and Juliet'' ''Overture-Fantasia'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
471 7422 |
471 7422 |
||
Line 884: | Line 885: | ||
[[David Garrett (musician)|David Garrett]], violin |
[[David Garrett (musician)|David Garrett]], violin |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
4714282 |
4714282 |
||
Line 898: | Line 899: | ||
''John of Damascus'' |
''John of Damascus'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
471 029-2 |
471 029-2 |
||
Line 920: | Line 921: | ||
''The Isle of the Dead'' |
''The Isle of the Dead'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
463 075-2 |
463 075-2 |
||
Line 934: | Line 935: | ||
Concertos for Orchestra No. 2 – ''The Chimes'' |
Concertos for Orchestra No. 2 – ''The Chimes'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
471 136-2 |
471 136-2 |
||
Line 954: | Line 955: | ||
Symphony No. 3 – ''Le divin poème'' |
Symphony No. 3 – ''Le divin poème'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
459 6812 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan="3" |1997 |
! colspan="3" |1997 |
||
Line 962: | Line 964: | ||
''The Sleeping Beauty'' |
''The Sleeping Beauty'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
457 6342 |
457 6342 |
||
Line 976: | Line 978: | ||
[[Michael Collins, clarinet]] |
[[Michael Collins, clarinet]] |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
457 6522 |
457 6522 |
||
Line 1,000: | Line 1,002: | ||
Overture, ''The Ruler of the Spirits'' |
Overture, ''The Ruler of the Spirits'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
453 4862 |
453 4862 |
||
Line 1,020: | Line 1,022: | ||
[[Gil Shaham, violin]] |
[[Gil Shaham, violin]] |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
457 0642 |
457 0642 |
||
Line 1,030: | Line 1,032: | ||
''Symphonic Dances'' |
''Symphonic Dances'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
457 5982 |
457 5982 |
||
Line 1,066: | Line 1,068: | ||
''1812 Overture'' |
''1812 Overture'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] |
|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] |
||
Line 1,076: | Line 1,078: | ||
Symphony No. 1 in G minor – ''Winter Daydreams'' |
Symphony No. 1 in G minor – ''Winter Daydreams'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
453 4452 |
453 4452 |
||
Line 1,088: | Line 1,090: | ||
Symphony No. 2 in C minor – ''Little Russian'' |
Symphony No. 2 in C minor – ''Little Russian'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
453 4462 |
453 4462 |
||
Line 1,098: | Line 1,100: | ||
Symphony No. 3 in D major – Polish |
Symphony No. 3 in D major – Polish |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
453 4472 |
453 4472 |
||
Line 1,108: | Line 1,110: | ||
Symphony No. 4 in F minor |
Symphony No. 4 in F minor |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
453 4482 |
453 4482 |
||
Line 1,118: | Line 1,120: | ||
Symphony No. 5 in E minor |
Symphony No. 5 in E minor |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
453 4492 |
453 4492 |
||
Line 1,130: | Line 1,132: | ||
''Voyevoda'' |
''Voyevoda'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
453 4502 |
453 4502 |
||
Line 1,144: | Line 1,146: | ||
Suite from ''The Firebird'' |
Suite from ''The Firebird'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
453 4342 |
453 4342 |
||
Line 1,162: | Line 1,164: | ||
Symphony No. 6 in B minor – ''Pathétique'' |
Symphony No. 6 in B minor – ''Pathétique'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
449 9672 |
449 9672 |
||
Line 1,178: | Line 1,180: | ||
Mischa Maisky, cello |
Mischa Maisky, cello |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
449 8212 |
449 8212 |
||
Line 1,190: | Line 1,192: | ||
''Summer Night,'' Suite for Orchestra from ''Betrothal in a Monastery'' |
''Summer Night,'' Suite for Orchestra from ''Betrothal in a Monastery'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
445 8302 |
445 8302 |
||
Line 1,198: | Line 1,200: | ||
''Slavonic Dances'' |
''Slavonic Dances'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
447 0562 |
447 0562 |
||
Line 1,222: | Line 1,224: | ||
''The Enchanted Kingdom'' |
''The Enchanted Kingdom'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
447 0842 |
447 0842 |
||
Line 1,246: | Line 1,248: | ||
''The Enchanted Lake'' |
''The Enchanted Lake'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
459 0592 |
459 0592 |
||
Line 1,256: | Line 1,258: | ||
''The Rock – Fantasy'' |
''The Rock – Fantasy'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
439 8882 |
439 8882 |
||
Line 1,266: | Line 1,268: | ||
''The Tempest'' |
''The Tempest'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
439 8912 |
439 8912 |
||
Line 1,306: | Line 1,308: | ||
Overture in F major |
Overture in F major |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Deutsche Grammophon |
|[[Deutsche Grammophon]] |
||
439 8922 |
439 8922 |
||
Line 1,318: | Line 1,320: | ||
''Marche slave'' |
''Marche slave'' |
||
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
|[[Mikhail Pletnev]] |
||
|Virgin |
|[[Virgin Media|Virgin]] |
||
759 66121 |
759 66121 |
||
|} |
|} |
||
<br /> |
|||
==External links== |
== External links == |
||
*[http://www.russiannationalorchestra.org/ Official Website (English)] |
*[http://www.russiannationalorchestra.org/ Official Website (English)] |
||
Revision as of 16:33, 28 March 2019
The Russian National Orchestra (Russian: Российский национальный оркестр) was founded in Moscow in 1990 by pianist and conductor Mikhail Pletnev.[1]
It was the first Russian orchestra to perform at the Apostolic Palace, Vatican and in Israel.[2]
The RNO's first recording (1991) was Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Pathétique, released on Virgin Classics. Since then, the orchestra has made over 80 recordings for Deutsche Grammophon, Pentatone, Ondine, Warner Classics and other labels, and with conductors that include RNO Founder and Artistic Director Mikhail Pletnev, Vladimir Jurowski, Paavo Järvi,Kent Nagano, Carlo Ponti, José Serebrier and Vasily Petrenko. Notable releases include the complete Beethoven symphonies and piano concertos on Deutsche Grammophon, Tchaikovsky’s six symphonies for Pentatone, and the RNO Shostakovich project, also on Pentatone.[3]
The RNO’s recording of Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf and Beintus's Wolf Tracks, conducted by Kent Nagano and narrated by Sophia Loren, Bill Clinton and Mikhail Gorbachev, was the winner of a 2004 Grammy Award, making the RNO the first Russian orchestra ever to win this honor.[4] A Spanish-language version narrated by Antonio Banderas was released in 2007, following a Russian version narrated by actors Oleg Tabakov and Sergei Bezrukov, with a Mandarin edition following in 2011. Narrators in concert versions of these works have included actors Danny Glover, Diana Douglas, Sean Dill and Debbie Allen, model Tatiana Sorokko, Singaporean violinist Min Lee, and BBC anchor Seva Novgorodsev.
Touring annually, the RNO appears in the music capitals of Europe, Asia and the Americas, and is a frequent guest at festivals such as Edinburgh, the BBC Proms, Festival Napa Valley, and Festival of the Arts BOCA. In 2009 the RNO launched its own annual festival, the RNO Grand Festival, held each September to open the Moscow season. The tenth anniversary festival was held from September 10 to October 4, 2018.[5]
RNO concerts are often aired on National Public Radio, the European Broadcasting Union, and Russia’s Kultura channel.[6]
In 2008, a panel of international critics assembled by Gramophone named the Russian National Orchestra as one of the world's top orchestras.[7]
The RNO maintains two outreach programs in the US and Russia: Cultural Allies, encompassing exchanges between artists in Russia and the West and the commissioning of new works; and the Magic of Music, bringing RNO musicians to play for children in Moscow’s orphanages, special facilities for the mentally and physically disabled, and bringing school children to concert halls in Moscow for RNO children's concerts. In the two decades since the Magic of Music program was created, it has expanded to the US with Russian National Orchestra musicians performing for school children while on tour.[8]
The Russian National Orchestra is a private institution supported by individuals, corporations and foundations in Russia and throughout the world. Organizations that support the RNO include the Russian Arts Foundation, Prince Michael of Kent Foundation, Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation, Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation, and the Trust for Mutual Understanding.
Awards
Recording | Award |
---|---|
Beethoven: Piano Concertos No. 2 and No. 4 | Best Concerto Recording 2007, Tokyo Record Academy |
Beethoven: The Nine Symphonies | WGUC Top CD of 2007; Recording of the Month, MusicWeb |
Glazunov: Complete Concertos | Classical CD of the Week, The Telegraph; Recording of the Month, MusicWeb; CD of the Week (Colorado and Minnesota Public Radio); CD of the Week (WQZR New York, WETA Washington) |
Prokofiev: Cinderella | Top Recordings of the 1990s, Gramophone Magazine |
Prokofiev & Beintus: Peter and the Wolf / Wolf Tracks | GRAMMY Award, 2004 |
Rachmaninov: Symphony No. 3, Symphonic Dances | Romantic Record of the Year (Classic FM Magazine), 1998 |
Scriabin: Symphony No 3, The Poem of Ecstasy | Classical CD of the Week: The Telegraph, London |
Shostakovich: Symphonies No. 1 and No. 6 | Editor's Choice, Gramophone; Diapason d'Or de l'année; Choc du monde de la Musique de l'année; Double 10, Classics Today; Best of 2006, Soundstage |
Shostakovich: Symphony No. 11, "The Year 1905" | Classical CD of the Week, The Telegraph, London; Best of 2006, Soundstage |
Shostakovich: Symphony No. 15 & Hamlet | BBC Music Choice of the Month |
Shostakovich: Symphony No. 8 | Supersonic Award, Pizzicato, (Luxembourg) |
Shostakovich: Symphonies No. 5 and No. 9 | Choc du monde de la Musique (May 2007); Edison Award Nominee, 2008 (Netherlands) |
Taneyev: At the Reading of a Psalm | Classical CD of the Week: The Telegraph, London |
Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 (Virgin Classics) | Gramophone List: The 100 Greatest Recordings |
Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto in D (Julia Fischer) | BBC Music Magazine, Best Recording of Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto
2007 Gramophone Artist of the Year Echo Klassik Award, Best Instrumental Performance of 2007 Best Recording of Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto (ClassicalMusic.com) Best of 2006, Audiophile Audition Editor's Choice, Gramophone Magazine (April 2007) Financial Times Critics Choice |
Tchaikovsky: Suite No. 3; Stravinsky: Divertimento | Classical CD of the Week: The Telegraph, London |
Tchaikovsky: Hamlet & Romeo and Juliet | Recording of the Month, Gramophone Magazine (March 2009) |
Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 & Francesca da Rimini (Pentatone) | Disc of the Month, BBC Music Magazine (October 2011) |
Russian Violin Concertos (Julia Fischer) | Editor's Choice, Gramophone Magazine (January 2005); 2005 Echo Klassik Award, Concerto Record of the Year |
Ravel & Prokofiev: Piano Concertos (Francesco Tristano Schlimé) | Choc du monde de la Musique (July/Aug 2006); Editor's Choice, Gramophone Magazine (September 2006); Classical CD of the Week, The Daily Telegraph |
Chopin & Loewe: Piano Concertos (Mari Kodama) | Best of 2004, Audiophile Audition |
Prokofiev, Rachmaninov: Piano Concertos No. 3 (Mikhail Pletnev) | Nominated for GRAMMY Award, 2004 |
Recordings
Since 1990, the RNO has released over 80 recordings on CD and SACD. These include:
Description | Conductor | Label/Number |
---|---|---|
2018 | ||
Dmitri Shostakovich
Symphony No. 4 in C minor Symphony No. 10 in E minor |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186647 |
2017 | ||
Johann Sebastian Bach
Ich ruf zu Dir, Herr Jesu Christ Ich habe genug Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B minor |
Metropolitan Hilarion Alfeyev, Stephan Genz | Pentatone
5186593 |
2016 | ||
Divine Art
Symphony: Gentle Emanation Tristia II |
Teodor Currentzis, Vladimir Ponkin | Divine Art Records
DDA 25143 |
Tchaikovsky Selections
Coronation March Capriccio italien Francesca da Rimini: Fantasy for Orchestra after Dante Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasia Marche slave |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186550 |
2015 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky: The Symphonies and “Manfred” Symphony | Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186489 |
Alexander Scriabin
Symphony No. 1 in E major The Poem of Ecstasy (Symphony No. 4) Svetlana Shilova, soprano Mikhail Gubsky, tenor Vladislav Lavrik, trumpet Norbert Gembaczka, organ Chamber Choir of the Moscow Conservatory |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186514 |
Metropolitan Hilarion Alfeyev
Stabat Mater Concerto Grosso Fugue on the B-A-C-H Motif Canciones de la muerte De profundis Soloists: Svetlana Kasyan, Artyom Dervoed, Tatiana Porshneva, Maxim Khokholkov, Sergei Dubov, Alexander Gotgelf,Moscow Synodal Choir |
Pentatone
5186486 | |
Dmitri Shostakovich
Symphony No. 7 in C major |
Paavo Järvi | Pentatone
5176511 |
2014 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
“Manfred” Symphony |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186387 |
2012 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 3 in D major Coronation March |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186383 |
Sergei Prokofiev
Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major Violin Concerto No. 2 in G minor Sonata for Solo Violin in D major Arabella Steinbacher, violin |
Vasily Petrenko | Pentatone
5186395 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 2 in C Minor – Little Russian Symphony No. 2 in C Minor (Original First Movement) |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186382 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 1 in G minor – Winter Daydreams Marche slave |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186381 |
2011 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 6 in B minor – Pathétique Capriccio italien |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186386 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
The Nutcracker – Ballet in Two Acts Vesna Children's Choir |
Mikhail Pletnev | Ondine
ODE 1180-2D |
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Capriccio espagnol Neapolitan Song Tatiana Porshneva and Alexei Bruni, violin |
Carlo Ponti | Pentatone
5186 378 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 5 in E minor Francesca da Rimini: Fantasy for Orchestra after Dante |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186 385 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 4 in F minor Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasia (Final version of 1880) |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186384 |
Alexander Glazunov: Complete Concertos
Violin Concerto in A minor Chant du ménestrel Piano Concerto No. 2 in B major Concerto in E-flat major for Alto Saxophone and String Orchestra Piano Concerto No. 1 in F minor Rêverie in D-flat major for Horn and Orchestra Concerto Ballata in C major for Cello and Orchestra Méditation in D major for Violin and Orchestra Soloists: Rachel Barton Pine, Alexander Romanovsky, Wen-Sinn Yang, Marc Chisson, Alexey Serov |
José Serebrier | Warner Classics
2564-67946-5 (2CD) |
Sergei Rachmaninov
The Isle of the Dead, Symphonic Poem Symphony No. 1 in D minor Symphony No. 2 in E minor The Rock – Fantasy Symphony No. 3 in A minor Symphonic Dances The Bells John of Damascus, Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra after a poem by A. Tolstoy |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
477 9505 6 |
2010 | ||
Sergei Rachmaninov
Festive Overture Chant du ménestrel The Bells Entr’acte (Act IV) from Khovanshchina, orchestrated by Leopold Stokowski Vocalise, orchestrated byJosé Serebrier Lyubov Petrova, soprano Andrei Popov, tenor Sergei Leiferkus, baritone Moscow State Chamber Choir |
José Serebrier | Warner Classics 2564-68025-5 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Swan Lake – Ballet in Four Acts |
Mikhail Pletnev | Ondine
ODE 1167-2D |
Peter and the Wolf / Wolf Tracks [in Mandarin]
Xiao Lu and Geng Chun, narrators in Mandarin Pu Cunxin, narrator in Mandarin Wolf Tracks Sophia Loren, Bill Clinton, Mikhail Gorbachev, narrators in English |
Kent Nagano | Pentatone
5186311 |
Gershwin and Bernstein
Concerto in F The Age of Anxiety Ingrid Jacoby, piano |
Dmitry Liss | Ondine
ODE 1163-2 |
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Suite from The Snow Maiden Suite from Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya Nuit sur le Mont Triglav – 3rd Act of the Ballet Opera Mlada |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186 362 |
2009 | ||
Dmitri Shostakovich
Symphony No. 15 in A major Hamlet – Selections from the Incidental Music |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone
5186 331 |
2008 | ||
Modest Mussorgsky
The Sorochinsky Fair Khovanshchina – Prelude and Dance of the Persian Slave Girls |
Carlo Ponti | Pentatone
SACD 5186332 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Hamlet – Overture and Incidental Music Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasia |
Vladimir Jurowski | Pentatone
5186330 |
Ludwig van Beethoven
Piano Concertos No. 1-5 Mikhail Pletnev, piano |
Christian Gansch | Deutsche Grammophon
477 7475 |
Ludwig van Beethoven
Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major Mikhail Pletnev, piano |
Christian Gansch | Deutsche Grammophon
477 6417 |
2007 | ||
Sergei Prokofiev
Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major Ode to the End of the War |
Vladimir Jurowski | Pentatone
5186083 |
Ludwig van Beethoven
Symphonies No. 1-9 Angela Denoke, soprano Marianna Tarasova, mezzo-soprano Endrik Wottrich, tenor Matthias Goerne, baritone The Moscow State Chamber Choir conducted by Vladimir Minin |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
477 6409 |
Ludwig van Beethoven
Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major Mikhail Pletnev, piano |
Christian Gansch | Deutsche Grammophon
477 6416 |
Lee Johnson
Dead Symphony |
Lee Johnson | Jammates
JAM-0635-CD |
Ludwig van Beethoven
Piano Concerto No. 1 in C major Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor Mikhail Pletnev, piano |
Christian Gansch | Deutsche Grammophon
477 6415 |
Dmitri Shostakovich
Symphony No. 5 in D minor Symphony No. 9 in E-flat major |
Yakov Kreizberg | Pentatone
5186 096 |
Peter and the Wolf / Wolf Tracks [in Spanish]
Peter and the Wolf Wolf Tracks Sophia Loren, narrator (in English) Antonio Banderas, narrator (in Spanish) |
Kent Nagano | Pentatone SACD |
2006 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Violin Concerto in D major Sérénade mélancolique Valse – Scherzo Souvenir d'un lieu cher Julia Fischer, violin |
Yakov Kreizberg | Pentatone SACD |
Dmitri Shostakovich
Symphony No. 8 in C minor |
Paavo Berglund | Pentatone SACD |
Dmitri Shostakovich
Symphony No. 1 in F minor Symphony No. 6 in B minor |
Vladimir Jurowski | Pentatone SACD |
Dmitri Shostakovich
Symphony No. 11 – “The Year 1905” |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone SACD |
Maurice Ravel
Piano Concerto in G major Piano Concerto No. 5 in G major 3 Improvisations Francesco Tristano Schlimé, piano |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone SACD |
2005 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Suite No. 3 in G major Divertimento – Ballet Suite from Le baiser de la fée |
Vladimir Jurowski | Pentatone SACD |
Young America
Choral Works by Gordon Getty Young America Three Welsh Songs Annabel Lee Victorian Scenes Jerusalem San Francisco Symphony Orchestra and Russian National Orchestra, Eric Ericson Chamber Choir, San Francisco Symphony Chorus |
Michael Tilson Thomas, Alexander Vedernikov | Pentatone SACD |
2004 | ||
Russian Violin Concertos
Violin Concerto in D minor Violin Concerto No. 1 in D Violin Concerto in A minor Julia Fischer, violin |
Yakov Kreizberg | Pentatone |
Sergei Taneyev
At the Reading of a Psalm Cantata No. 2 St. Petersburg State Academic Capella Choir and the Chernushenko Boys Choir of the Glinka Choral College |
Mikhail Pletnev | Pentatone |
Russian Ballet Suites
Romeo and Juliet, Suite No. 1 Suite from Spartacus Dmitri Shostakovich Suite from The Bolt |
Alexander Vedernikov | Pentatone SACD |
2003 | ||
Peter and the Wolf / Wolf Tracks [in English]
Peter and the Wolf Wolf Tracks Sophia Loren, Bill Clinton, Mikhail Gorbachev, narrators |
Kent Nagano | Pentatone SACD |
Peter and the Wolf / Wolf Tracks [in Russian]
Peter and the Wolf Oleg Tabakov, narrator Wolf Tracks Sergei Bezrukov, narrator Bonus track: Peter and the Wolf, Sophia Loren, narrator |
Kent Nagano | Pentatone |
Gordon Getty
Joan and the Bells, Cantata for Soprano, Baritone, Chorus & Orchestra Lisa Delan, soprano Vladimir Chernov, baritone Eric Ericson Chamber Choir Romeo and Juliet, Suite No. 2 |
Alexander Vedernikov | Pentatone |
Frédéric Chopin
Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor Piano Concerto No. 2 in A Mari Kodama, piano |
Kent Nagano | Pentatone |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Violin Concerto in D major Christian Tetzlaff, violin Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor Nikolai Lugansky, piano |
Kent Nagano | Pentatone |
Sergei Prokofiev
Piano Concerto No. 3 in C major Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor Mikhail Pletnev, piano |
Mstislav Rostropovich | Deutsche Grammophon471476 |
2002 | ||
Dave Brubeck Returns to Moscow
DVD/Video of Brubeck's 1997 trip to Moscow to perform with the RNO and Dave Brubeck Quartet. Includes his mass, To Hope! A Celebration and Blue Rondo à la Turk |
||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 6 in B minor – Pathétique Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasia |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
471 7422 |
Encore! The Russian National Orchestra Live in Concert
Overture, The Marriage of Figaro Waltz of the Flowers (from The Nutcracker) Spanish Dance from Raimonda Hungarian Dance No. 1 in G minor Prelude to Act III of Lohengrin Dance from Ballet Suite No. 1 Waltz-Joke from Ballet Suite No. 1 In the Hall of the Mountain King, from Peer Gynt Suite, No. 1 Young Prince and the Young Princess, from Schéhérezade Slavonic Dance, No. 2 in E minor Lezghinka |
Mikhail Pletnev | RNO 100 |
2001 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Violin Concerto in D major Violin Concerto in E minor David Garrett, violin |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
4714282 |
2000 | ||
Sergei Rachmaninov
The Bells John of Damascus |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
471 029-2 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 6 in B minor – Pathétique The Seasons Sleeping Beauty |
Mikhail Pletnev | Virgin Classics |
1999 | ||
Sergei Rachmaninov
Symphony No. 1 in D minor The Isle of the Dead |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
463 075-2 |
1998 | ||
Rodion Shchedrin
Carmen Suite Concertos for Orchestra No. 1 – Naughty Limericks Concertos for Orchestra No. 2 – The Chimes |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
471 136-2 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
A Tale of Dance and Music – The Nutcracker Moscow State Academy of Choreography |
Mikhail Pletnev | RNO 2000
Video CD |
Alexander Scriabin
Le poème de l’extase Symphony No. 3 – Le divin poème |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
459 6812 |
1997 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
The Sleeping Beauty |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
457 6342 |
Ludwig von Beethoven
Clarinet (Violin) Concerto in D major (arr. Mikhail Pletnev) Clarinet Concerto in A major |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
457 6522 |
1996 | ||
Carl Maria von Weber
Invitation to the Dance Konzerstück for Piano and Orchestra in F minor Overture, Abu Hassan Overture, Der Freischütz Overture, Die drei Pintos Overture, Euryanthe Overture, Oberon Overture, The Ruler of the Spirits |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
453 4862 |
Alexander Glazunov
Violin Concerto in A minor Violin Concerto in C major Souvenir d' un lieu cher Valse-Scherzo |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
457 0642 |
Sergei Rachmaninov
Symphony No. 3 in A minor Symphonic Dances |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
457 5982 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
DISC 1 Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasia Francesca da Rimini: Symphonic Fantasy after Dante The Voyevoda The Tempest DISC 2 Marche slave Festival Overture on the Danish National Hymn Fatum Hamlet Overture-Fantasia Capriccio italien DISC 3 Hamlet Overture-Fantasia “Manfred” Symphony 1812 Overture |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem Marche slave Symphony No. 1 in G minor – Winter Daydreams |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
453 4452 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
1812 Overture Symphonic Fantasy – Fate Symphony No. 2 in C minor – Little Russian |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
453 4462 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasia Symphony No. 3 in D major – Polish |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
453 4472 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Francesca da Rimini: Symphonic Fantasy after Dante Symphony No. 4 in F minor |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
453 4482 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Hamlet Overture-Fantasia Symphony No. 5 in E minor |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
453 4492 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Capriccio italien Symphony No. 6 in B minor – Pathétique Voyevoda |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
453 4502 |
Igor Stravinsky
Canon on a Russian Popular Tune Scherzo à la russe Symphony in E-flat major Suite from The Firebird |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
453 4342 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 1 in G minor – Winter Daydreams Symphony No. 2 in C minor – Little Russian Symphony No. 3 in D major Symphony No. 4 in F minor Symphony No. 5 in E minor Symphony No. 6 in B minor – Pathétique |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
449 9672 |
1995 | ||
Nikolai Miaskovsky
Cello Concerto in C minor Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Cello and Orchestra Mischa Maisky, cello |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
449 8212 |
1994 | ||
Sergei Prokofiev
Cinderella – Ballet in Three Acts Summer Night, Suite for Orchestra from Betrothal in a Monastery |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
445 8302 |
Antonin Dvořák
Slavonic Dances |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
447 0562 |
The Enchanted Kingdom
Baba-Yaga Kikimora The Enchanted Lake The Golden Cockerel, Suite for Orchestra The Distant Princess The Enchanted Kingdom |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
447 0842 |
Sergei Rachmaninov
Symphony No. 2 in E minor The Rock – Fantasy The Tempest Overture in F major Baba-Yaga Kikimora The Enchanted Lake |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
459 0592 |
1993 | ||
Sergei Rachmaninov
The Rock – Fantasy |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
439 8882 |
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
“Manfred” Symphony The Tempest |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
439 8912 |
Russian Overtures
Overture, Prince Igor Solemn Overture Overture, Ruslan and Ludmila Overture, Colas Breugnon Modest Mussorgsky Overture, Khovanshchina Overture, Semyon Kotko Overture, The Tsar's Bride Festive Overture Overture in F major |
Mikhail Pletnev | Deutsche Grammophon
439 8922 |
1991 | ||
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 6 in B minor – Pathétique Marche slave |
Mikhail Pletnev | Virgin
759 66121 |
External links
References
- ^ "About the Orchestra - Russian National Orchestra". russiannationalorchestra.org. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
- ^ "About the Orchestra - Russian National Orchestra". russiannationalorchestra.org. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
- ^ "About the Orchestra - Russian National Orchestra". russiannationalorchestra.org. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
- ^ "RNO Scores a Grammy Win". RNO Press Release. Archived from the original on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "About the Orchestra - Russian National Orchestra". russiannationalorchestra.org. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
- ^ "The World's Greatest Orchestras". Gramophone. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Magic of Music - Russian Arts Foundation". russianarts.org. Retrieved 2019-03-19.