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Culture of Second Life

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File:BlackAngel 001.JPG
An example of an avatar in Second Life: a male human appearance customized with black wings.

In the context of Second Life, the term Resident is applied to "people who have a stake in the world":[1]

It was pretty early in the development of Second Life. One of my jobs was to come up with the different words we wanted to use, including the name! The naming discussions were usually between me, Philip, Hunter and Peter (both of whom aren't here any more) with feedback from everyone else.

When it came to what to call the people in the world, we knew we didn't want to call them 'users', although that would be the most typical thing for software. However, the word 'users' doesn't do a very good job of describing the two-way nature of Second Life, where the people involved are providing content and contributing to the experience.

We also thought about 'members' (boring!), 'citizens' (too political!), and 'players' (too game-y).

'Residents', however, seems most descriptive of people who have a stake in the world and how it grows.

— Robin Harper (aka Robin Linden), [2]

The term is not generally applied under the following conditions:

  • People who have only created an account, but never logged in
  • People who have had accounts created on their behalf for promotional events
  • People who have created an account, and logged in a few times then stopped using the account

A slight exception to the application of the term would be when referring to a person who holds multiple accounts. In this case, their primary account is referred to normally with the others interchangeably referred to as Resident or Alt. No exceptions are made for those with Basic or Premium accounts, however Residents who have held active accounts since the beta or periods and have purchased Lifetime subscriptions for US$225 can be optionally referred to as Charter Members.

Activities of Residents in Second Life

Residents engage in a bewildering array of activities, just as people do in real life. Unlike real life, there is no biological need to seek nourishment or shelter. Thus some activities that would be necessary in the real world are purely voluntary leisure pursuits.

Residents explore, interact with one another, and create new "content." Exploration is like travel in the real world, one searches for places which might be interesting, and then goes there, sometimes even at random. Interaction is mostly via chat or instant messaging, not unlike the popular Internet applications, except that full 3D visuals are included. Interaction is also behavioral, such as friends and strangers assembling at a club to listen to recorded or live music. Creation is the use of software tools to change the appearance and behavior of the Second Life virtual world.

Subcultures

Second Life comprises various diverse, user-driven subcultures. There are few pre-determined structures, so what organization that exists has evolved to meet the wants and needs of the residents. Some Residents will have an avatar that is clearly human male or female, and some will have an avatar where the gender is less obvious, or entirely androgynous; it is easy for a user to change the appearance of the avatar to either gender. Also, there are many non-human avatars, sometimes called "furries, and there are sub-types among these, as well.

Some residents choose to re-enact some specific world, such as medieval Japan or ancient Rome. They choose to act out this world like real life historical re-creators do. As usual, residents are free to move in and out of these worlds as they see fit. Virtual property rights come into play here, since the property owner can choose to expel residents who don't abide by the property regulations, which in these case might include dress, language, and behavior. There are also areas that re-create worlds from literature, such as Frank Herbert's Dune or John Norman's Gor.

Some of the subcultures in Second Life revolve around events. Events include many activities related to arts, culture, charity, support groups, commerce, discussion, education, games, contests, nightlife, entertainment, pageants, and sports.

There is a built-in mechanism for organizations called the group. A group can be created by a resident for a fee of L$100, who then has three days to recruit an additional member. A group must then maintain a membership of at least 2 members at all times in order to remain active. The groups that each Resident belongs to are displayed in that user's profile. Group membership provides a means of self-identification and self-expression, and facilitates member to member communication in a number of ways. A group comprises officers and members, with titles determined by group leadership. The Owner, Member (referred to by the client as Everyone) or the title for any custom roles may appear superimposed above the name of the Resident's avatar.[3] Residents may participate in up to 25 groups, and may choose which group's title to display at any given time.[3] Group activity is usually centered on a particular interest, so creating groups can give people a common ground for discussion and provide an easy way to break the ice. Some groups maintain websites to bridge the gap between real-life (referred to as "first life", or abbreviated to "RL" for "real-life") and Second Life (commonly abbreviated as SL, but 2L is also used) interests.[citation needed]

Groups are allowed ownership of land and resources, so they comprise the closest thing to a corporation within the Second Life environment.[3]

Second Life is also being influenced by many Internet phenomena which include the Moskau Dance, Ulae, and Captain Jean-Luc Picard. Many of these memes are in the form of gestures, which are animations that the avatar uses. These gestures are a cause of Internet culture spread in Second Life.[citation needed]

Second Life blogs are also appearing where Residents detail their second lives, sometimes more extensively than their first:[4][5]

Resident Created Content

The majority of the content in the Second Life world is Resident-created. Linden Lab actively promotes the concept that Residents retain the intellectual property rights to objects they create (although they are required to offer Linden Lab a limited license for the purposes of promotion and marketing.[6]

Only LSL scripts and the basic 3D objects can be created solely with the client (although a future release will enable animations to be created within the client).

Animations can be made with various software, such as Qavimator, Avimator, and Poser, or they can be acquired via motion capture. Avimator is a simple, open source tool for creating and editing avatar animations just for Second Life. It is available for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Animations can be triggered by scripts and used in hot-keyed gestures.

Textures can be uploaded as TGA, Bitmap or JPEG, and are made in applications such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel Paint Shop Pro, or The GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP)). Textures can be applied to the surface of any 3D object, land, clothing, an avatar's skin (including tattoos) and can be used as scripted particles.[7]

Sounds can be made using any piece of software capable of creating WAV files, ranging from an Operating System's basic sound recorder, media players such as foobar2000, as well as dedicated audio editing packages such as Audacity and Pro Tools.

Every resident has access to a library of textures, animations, sounds and objects, found in the Library folder).[citation needed] Textures, animations and sounds cost L$10 to upload.[8] JPEGs, although smaller in file size, are not recommended since they will be converted to JPEG2000 file format on upload regardless of original file format. TGA files have the added advantage of alpha channel transparency.

Avatars

Residents of Second Life are represented in the environment by an avatar. The basic avatar is humanoid in shape which may be customized in a variety of ways:

  • A series of GUI controls, modifying every aspect of the basic mesh (body shape, skin, hair style etc)
  • Creating clothing or buying clothes made by other Residents
  • Attachments — 3D objects intended to supplement or replace body structure, clothes or hair
  • Animation Overriders (intended to supplement or replace the stock set of animations) using LSL to trigger BVH format animations.
  • Sonic Overriders — using LSL to trigger sounds such as footsteps, or emotive cues such as laughing, crying and orgasms.
File:FlowerSL.JPG
A female humanoid avatar.

The result can either be faithful to the original humanoid avatar, or can result in a completely non-humanoid representation of the character. These customizations can be packaged up into a single outfit, with common applications of outfits including animals, robots, mechs, furries, Clone Troopers and "tinies", which are just "folded up" (via a static animation &mash; a "pose") regular avatars.

Objects

Second Life includes a built-in 3D Modeler that allows Residents to create complex objects out of a set of basic building blocks known as prims (short for "primitives")- parametric models supporting dynamic scalar level of detail. Second Life uses Havok for simulated physics, though not all objects in the world respond to physics. A future update will include Havok 2 support, an improvement that Second Life Residents have awaited since its announcement by Linden Lab before June, 2002. All objects and 3D information are streamed in real-time to all clients. This allows for real-time editing of 3D objects so any Resident can view what is being created as it is being created.

The 3D objects can be used to make avatar attachments, vehicles, buildings, furniture, sculpture or anything else the user can think of. Attachments can be something as simple as a pair of glasses, or a complex series of objects in order to make the avatar look like something else entirely. Vehicles can range from a small pair of roller skates to a car,[9] to large and full scale replica of fictional vehicles from Sci-Fi and Anime[10][11][12][13]

Scripting

Residents can apply scripts to created objects, thereby controlling the behavior of the objects within the environment. Second Life uses its own scripting language, called Linden Scripting Language (LSL). LSL has a syntax similar to C, Java, and, to a lesser extent, Python, and allows objects to interact with the Second Life world, as well as the Internet via email, XML-RPC and HTTP.[14]

LSL is used to drive all interactivity in Second Life that isn't provided by the interface. For instance, while it is possible to sell an object by leaving the object out with the correct attributes set via the interface, but it becomes increasingly difficult the larger a single object is, the more numerous a collection of objects are, or for objects that are updated on a regular basis. Textures, scripts, animations, gestures and notecards cannot be sold by themselves (although they can be transferred between Residents in such a manner), requiring them to be held within a containing object. Games, doors, flashing lights, and basically anything that is seen in Second Life that is interactive is scripted.

External Influences

The largest external influence is Linden Lab itself, which ultimately controls the virtual rule. Thus, one way to improve ones chances of success in a Second Life endeavor is to gain the ear of Linden lab.[citation needed]

Second Life resident Prokofy Neva achieved significant notoriety with a theory that a particular group of residents received preferential treatment from Linden Lab. The group in question was supposedly comprised early adopters who had created impressive objects or areas, and gained the attention of Linden Lab staff, thus receiving placement in the publicity used to advertise Second Life to the real world. This position, Neva argued, then further resulted in residents preferentially associate with these people. This situation is disagreeable to those who are attempting to create real life businesses and incomes based in the Second Life world.

Prokofy argued that granting rewards to early adopters would leave fewer rewards for future adopters, and that a situation where a society went straight from lacking the technical foundations to support certain social interactions, directly to having the "leaders" of the interacting groups established as those who created those technical foundations, left no openings for users specializing in social or leadership skills.[15] This would lead to the formation of dysfunctional groups. Prokofy coined the term Feted Inner Core, or FIC, to refer to the "favored" users.

The FIC theory stimulated heated debate in the Second Life community. The current Second Life community now uses the term FIC as a satirical term for an imaginary conspiracy that supposedly controls the world, but instances of favoritism (such as the InfoNet example above) have arisen on occasion.[16][17] It has also been alleged by some residents that the FIC theory itself damaged Second Life by making Linden Labs afraid of supporting residents creating good content for fear of claims of FICdom.[citation needed]

In addition, users who own large amounts of land (and thus pay larger subscriptions) are generally seen to have greater influence on Linden Lab due to the financial loss that would be incurred by removing them. With the growth of the Second Life world, the financial loss is lowered due to more Residents contributing.

Residents of Second Life

Residents who achieved fame or notoriety through Second Life

The following is a list of Residents who have become well known outside of Second Life to varying degrees, either due to a significant accomplishment in-world - generally being featured in a Linden Lab press release or news source primarily focusing on Second Life or gaming in general (e.g. Anshe Chung and Tateru Nino) or have been featured in major news sources outside of the scope of Second Life or their in-world accomplishment has carried on the "real" world (e.g. Laukosargas Svarog and Kermitt Qurik )

A - E

  • Alpha Zaius - Alpha Zaius is a developer of libsecondlife, and an Estate Manager of Eden - Teen Second Life's second registered teen-owned Private Island. Zaius is also the founder of AZTech.[verification needed]
  • Alex Harbinger - Alex Harbinger is the owner of Alcove and Eden (Teen Second Life's second Private Island) on the teen grid. He also owns parts of Hyperion along with other regions. Alex Harbinger is the owner of Harbinger Productions, a gadget-based business.[citation needed]
  • Anshe Chung - Ailin and Guntram Graef, entrepreneurs/virtual land speculators
  • Cheesepuff Barnard - Cheesepuff Barnard is a story writer who brings his stories into Teen Second Life. He has been invited to several gaming conferences for his work, and is famous across the web for his opposition to Global Kids in Teen Second Life.[citation needed]

F - J

  • Grey Blankes - Co-owner of U.S. Black Ops: The largest producer of weapons in Second Life.
  • Johnny Ming - John Swords (now a member of the Electric Sheep Company[21]), for his contribution to the evangelisation of Second Life through podcasting:

K - O

  • Kermitt Qurik - Nathan Keir, developer of the game Tringo. Keir licensed the game to Donnerwood Media, however retains rights to the game inside Second Life.
  • Kithro Kithro Luan, the infamous crasher. Kithro in 2006 developed a meathod of crashing Simulators in Second Life without the use of scripts, by exploiting primitive build features that cause the whole Sim to lag out and go offline. In late 2006, Kithro crashed the entire grid and left residents out for several hours. Kithro also created a infamous "fat kid" and "attack cone", grey goo objects that attacked users and wreaked havoc on both the Teen Grid and Adult Grid, and are still seen to this day. In 2007, the grid was brought down due to these grey goos and the Lindens disabled the script. However, even after his script being disabled and several of Kithro's accounts being disabled, he managed to still continue to release grey goo and wreak general havoc. Much of Kithro's most recent activity was aimed towards the Teen Grid. Kithro earned himself a title of an expert social engineer, as he was able to talk himself out of several bans and always seem to get by with everything. Kithro has had several last names, all spelling out trouble for the Lindens and Residents of Second Life. Kithro even created a "Mr.Walmart" in the Adult Grid, an object which was designed after Walmart's copyright smilie logo. Kithro was skilled in both building and scripting, though his objects always seemed malicious in nature. Kithro's real age is still unknown, as he has been spotted on both the Adult and Teen grids.
  • Mr Matahari Is currently in the process of making one of the largest script/information/object libraries into the grid for TSL.
  • nik385 Doesburg a Teen Second Life resident who has been in SL since LindenWorld (under a different name), he is currently the chairman of Oonitec within TSL and is a manager of Unreal a TSL private estate. He also does managerial work for Global Kids. Also creator of the real-life MultiGadget, a replica of the SL object made by Timeless Prototype.

P - T

  • Plastic Duck- notorious for being the subject of a letter from Linden Labs to the CBC. Linden Labs sought to prevent Plastic duck from being interviewed due to alleged "griefing and generally anti-social behavior"[22]
  • Prokofy Neva- notorious for coining the phrase Feted Inner Core- seemingly SMOF, re-applied to Second Life.
  • Shoshana Epsilon - "A Second Life artist whose avatar goes by the name Shoshana Epsilon has taken stunning digital portraits of other users' avatars".
  • Sonof Marvin - New Former Owner Of Mecca, Sonof Has plans on Buying another Sim named Oakland but no time has been released yet on when he will order it. Sonof Helped Kithro, His real Life Friend create a weapon called Doom.
  • Tao Takashi for World of SL[5] and his coverage of the in-world X-Men: The Last Stand premiere[29]
  • Tateru Nino for:
    • her contributions to the Volunteer programme and to Second Life as a whole[30]
    • her journalistic and creative talents writing for Second Life Insider[31] and her own Webcomic, Dwell On It:The Comic[32]
    • her work as a statistician through the New World Numbers series on New World Notes[33][34]
    • organising SL3B- the "official" Second Life Third Birthday event that took place from June 21, 2006 to June 25, 2006.[35]
  • Tina (PetGirl) Bergman - Swedish designer/artist/marketing specialist Tina (PetGirl) Bergman has been in SL since February 2005 and has made quite a name by very actively pursuing both short- and longterm projects. To mention a few:
    • art projects/installations, such as Pixels In The Wind (during Burning Life 2006 - and Dance and Crime Scene - at Osprey Therian´s - Photography Studio (the first hit-and-run art burglary in SL - - Look for Monday, November 13, 2006).
    • SL marketing of Sweden and the Swedish; example: arranged the first genuine Swedish Lucia party in SL and in ALL cyber - in co-operation with Phreak Radio , in December 2006. More about it - here - and - here
    • IRL marketing of SecondLife in Sweden; one example of many in Swedish press: Så skapar du dig ett bättre liv online (about SL in Swedish Press - in Swedish) More about it - here
  • Tin Bling - Former Owner of Mecca (sold to sonof Marvin in March 2007); Teen SecondLife's first resident-owned Private Island,[verification needed] and the original owner of Mega Mall Cascade, before transferring owner ship to Alex Harbinger. Recently, Tin has opened his shop "Bling Buy" in Levithan.

Tin Later in March Of 07 Decided to Take Mecca Back from Sonof and sell it to Asuka Martin, no Word on if he plans to take it back again and try to sell it again...

  • TonyH Wrangler Is a well known volunteer in the teen grid as a mentor 2.0, he is respected for taking time out of his schedule and helping anyone who asks for assistance. He is also known for trying to keep TSL clean and abuse free. .
  • Toy LaFollette - "one of Second Life's most well-known Live Helpers"[36]

U - Z

  • Wagner James Au- contracted from April 2003 to February 2006 by Linden Lab as an embedded journalist as Hamlet Linden, Au is now known in-world as Hamlet Au[37][38]
    • Both the archives of Au's work as Hamlet Linden, as well his current work as Hamlet Au can be found on New World Notes[39]

Notable people who joined Second Life

Listed alphabetically by first name. Individuals on this list may or may not be currently active in Second Life. The following is a list of people who became well known prior to creating an account. Individuals on this list may not currently be active or even found in Second Life, as some of these people may have only entered Second Life for the purposes of a promotional event, may no longer hold account, might not actively use it or they may have been permantly banned from Second Life.

A - E

F - J

K - O

  • Cezary Ostrowski, well known Polish graphics designer and musician, Second Life name: Cezary Fish - CEO of aHead content developer company.[48]

P - T

U - Z

Notable people whose Second Life names are identical to their own

A - E

  • Bill Lichtenstein, President, Lichtenstein Creative Media[53]
  • Cory Doctorow, author of many published works.[54]
  • Dutch Boyd, lead member of the group of professional poker players, "The Crew", child prodigy and 2006 World Series of Poker bracelet holder.

F - J

K - O

P - T

U - Z

See also

External links

References

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  52. ^ Wong, Torley (January 12, 2006). "A Biography of Torley". Torley Linden. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  53. ^ http://LCMedia.com. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ^ Au, Wagner James (July 26, 2006). "Day Of The Doctorow". New World Notes. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  55. ^ Linden, Torley (October 22, 2006). "Do you know what kind of hat Howard Rheingold wears?". Torley Linden. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  56. ^ Terdiman, Daniel (December 2, 2004). "Gamers Eye Open Virtual Worlds". Wired Magazine. Retrieved 2006-12-5. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  57. ^ Au, Wagner James (July 31, 2006). "The Second Life Of Julian Dibbell". New World Notes. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  58. ^ Au, Wagner James (August 2, 2006). "SL Vonnegut, Or Lonesome In-World No More!". New World Notes. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  59. ^ Au, Wagner James (January 24, 2006). "The Second Life Of Lawrence Lessigef". New World Notes. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  60. ^ Au, Wagner James (August 31, 2006). "The Second Life Of Governor Mark Warner". New World Notes. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  61. ^ Mason, Paul (January 5, 2006). "Do avatars dream of electric racoons?". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  62. ^ Au, Wagner James (November 28, 2006). "Judge Richard Posner Comes To Second Life (Updated)". New World Notes. Retrieved 2006-11-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  63. ^ Au, Wagner James (August 4, 2006). "Suzanne Vega And The Second Life Of Live Music". New World Notes. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  64. ^ "The Second Life Of Thomas P.M. Barnett". October 27, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  65. ^ "Metaverse Messenger:Tuesday, September 26, 2006" (PDF). Metaverse Messenger. September 26, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
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