23 (number)

This article is about the number 23. For the year, see 23. For the movie, see 23 (film). For other uses, see 23 (disambiguation)

23	20	3

23 (twenty-three) is the natural number following 22 and preceding 24.

In mathematics

Twenty-three is the ninth prime number, the smallest odd prime which is not a twin prime. Twenty-three is also the fifth factorial prime, the second Woodall prime, and the second Smarandache-Wellin prime. It is an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form $3n-1$ .

The fifth Sophie Germain prime and the fourth safe prime, 23 is the next to last member of the first Cunningham chain of the first kind to have five terms (2, 5, 11, 23, 47). Since 14! + 1 is a multiple of 23 but 23 is not one more than a multiple 14, 23 is a Pillai prime. 23 is the smallest odd prime to be a highly cototient number, as the solution to x - φ(x) for the integers 95, 119, 143, 529.

23 also has the distinction of being one of two integers that cannot be expressed as the sum of fewer than 9 cubes of integers (the other is 239). See Waring's problem.

23 is a Wedderburn-Etherington number and the sixth happy number. The codewords in the perfect (non-extended) binary Golay code are of size 23.

The atomic number of vanadium and the approximate atomic mass (in u) of sodium.
The number of chromosomes in a human germline cell
Human sex cells have 23 chromosomes. Other human cells have 2 sets of 23 chromosomes (23 from mother, 23 from father).
Avogadro's number used in chemistry is 6.0221367×10^23.

Messier object M23 is a magnitude 6.0 open cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
The New General Catalogue object NGC 23 is a magnitude 12.0 barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus
The planet Neptune was discovered on September 23, 1846.
The planet Earth has an Axial tilt of 23° degrees

Psalm 23 (Psalm is the 23rd book in the bible), also known as the Shepherd Psalm, is possibly the most quoted and best known psalm.
- The opening line of Coolio's "Gangsta's Paradise" is an example.

In Islam, the Quran was revealed in a total of 23 years to Muhammad.^{[citation needed]}

France has 23 archbishops; the current Archbishop of Paris is André Vingt-Trois (Andrew Twenty-Three)

In Buddhist psychology/cosmology or Abhidharma, the number of anomalous generic types (of a possible 72) -- e.g., events are considered sui generis because they are not reducible to either mind or matter -- is 23.

The sacred number (along with 5) of Eris, goddess of discord, according to the Principia Discordia; it is the number of the Illuminati.
Like 13, sometimes considered unlucky or otherwise significant (as in the occult writings of Aleister Crowley and William S. Burroughs); see the 23 enigma.
Robert Anton Wilson's trilogy, The Illuminatus! Trilogy, list 23 as a cosmic number with strong connections to arcane magic and synchronicity.
In the alphabet of the Tibetan language, what is reckoned the 23rd consonant is the same as the first vowel of most Indo-European languages, namely, the letter 'A'.

23 is composer Alban Berg's self-professed 'number of fate': for example, his 'Lyric Suite' for String Quartet includes a variety of references to 23, including nonstandard metronome markings that are all multiples of 23. Each movement is some multiple of 23 measures long, and there are significant structural elements at measures numbered in multiples of 23.

The free party soundsytem Spiral Tribe, pioneers of the DIY tekno subculture and principal organisers of the Castlemorton free festival, had an obsession with the number 23. Posters, backdrops, record artwork, flyers and graffiti artwork linked to the collective frequently featured the number 23. Parties were often organised on the twenty third day of the month. Members sometimes recorded under the moniker of SP23, and the groups own record label was named Network 23.

Several songs use "twenty three" as their titles, including:

Tristan Prettyman's debut album.
The eleventh song off of Tool (band)'s fourth full-length studio album "10,000 Days". The song's title is actually "Viginti Tres", which is Latin for twenty three.
The seventh album by Blonde Redhead, released in the United States by 4AD Records on April 10, 2007. Also the first song and single off the album.
The fourth song off of Shpongle's second album, "Tales of the Inexpressible" is often called "Room 23," but the character following the two is actually Om, the sacred Hindu sylable.
The eleventh song off of Jimmy Eat World's fifth album, "Futures."
The twelfth song from Project 86's album, "Drawing Black Lines," is titled "Twenty-Three."
The first song from the bonus disc on the limited edition version of Welle:Erdball's album, "Die Wunderwelt der Technik," is titled "23... (C=64)."

23 is a German movie about Karl Koch
The Number 23 is a 2007 film starring Jim Carrey.
23 is the number of people (16 females, 7 males) that Neo would have had to select in order to re-found Zion in The Matrix Trilogy. ^[1]
23 is often used in artist Jamie Hewlett's work. A brief chapter is dedicated to the number in the Gorillaz artbook, Rise of the Ogre
23 is the fifth of the mystical numbers--4, 8, 15, 16, 23, and 42--in Lost (TV series)