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{{short description|Letter of the Latin alphabet}}
{{short description|Latin letter A with breve}}
{{about|the Latin letter|the visually identical Cyrillic letter|A with breve (Cyrillic)}}
{{about|the Latin letter|the visually identical Cyrillic letter|A with breve (Cyrillic)}}{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}[[Image:A with breve.svg|150px|right]]
⚫
'''Ă''' ([[upper case]]) or '''ă''' ([[lower case]]), usually referred to in English as '''A-[[breve]]''', is a [[letter (alphabet)|letter]] used in standard [[Romanian language|Romanian]] and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] [[orthography|orthographies]]. In Romanian, it is used to represent the [[mid central vowel|mid-central unrounded vowel]], while in Vietnamese it represents the short '''a''' sound. It is the second letter of the [[Romanian alphabet|Romanian]], [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]], and the pre-1972 [[Malay alphabet|Malaysian]] alphabets, after [[A]].
[[Image:A with breve.svg|150px|right]]
⚫
'''<span lang="cs" dir="ltr">Ă</span>''' ([[upper case]]) or '''ă''' ([[lower case]]), usually referred to in English as '''A-[[breve]]''', is a [[letter (alphabet)|letter]] used in standard [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] and [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]] [[orthography|orthographies]]. In Romanian, it is used to represent the [[mid central vowel|mid-central unrounded vowel]], while in Vietnamese it represents the short '''a''' sound. It is the second letter of the [[Romanian alphabet|Romanian]], [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese]], and the pre-1972 [[Malay alphabet|Malaysian]] alphabets, after [[A]].


Ă/ă is also used in several languages for [[transliteration]] of [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] letter [[Hard sign|Ъ/ъ]].
Ă/ă is also used in several languages for [[transliteration]] of the [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] letter [[Hard sign|Ъ/ъ]].<ref name="Dafinoiu2015" />


==Romanian==
==Romanian==
The sound represented in [[Romanian language|Romanian]] by '''ă''' is a [[mid-central vowel]] {{IPAslink|ə}}, i.e. [[schwa]]. Unlike in [[English language|English]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]] and [[French language|French]] but like in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (using ''ā'' (a with macron) rather than ''ă'', e.g. "diām" {{IPA|/diʌm/}} (''quiet'')), [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]] and [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], the vowel can be stressed. There are words in which it is the only vowel, such as "măr" {{IPA|/mər/}} (''apple'') or "văd" {{IPA|/vəd/}} (''I see''). Additionally, some words that also contain other vowels can have the stress on '''ă''' like "cărțile" {{IPA|/ˈkərt͡sile/}} (''the books'') and "odăi" {{IPA|/oˈdəj/}} (''rooms'').
The sound represented in [[Romanian language|Romanian]] by '''ă''' is a [[mid-central vowel]] {{IPAslink|ə}}, i.e. [[schwa]].<ref name="Dafinoiu2015">{{cite journal |last1=Dafinoiu |first1=Cristina |title=Considerations upon Romanian-Albanian Linguistics Reports in Phonetics and Phonology |journal=Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa. Seria Filologie |date=2015 |volume=XXVI |issue=1 |pages=60–66 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=522547 |access-date=3 February 2024 |language=English |issn=1223-7248}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sala |first1=Marius |title=Romanian |journal=Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire |date=2010 |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=841–872 |doi=10.3406/rbph.2010.7806 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_3_7806 |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref> Unlike in [[English language|English]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]] and [[French language|French]] but like in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (using ''e'' rather than ''ă''), the vowel can be stressed.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Recasens |first1=Daniel |title=Stressed /e/ Centralization into Schwa and Related Mid Vowel Developments in Catalan and Elsewhere in the Romania |journal=Transactions of the Philological Society |date=July 2019 |volume=117 |issue=2 |pages=294–316 |doi=10.1111/1467-968X.12159 |language=en |issn=0079-1636}}</ref> There are words in which it is the only vowel, such as ''măr'' {{IPA|/mər/}} ("apple") or ''văd'' {{IPA|/vəd/}} ("I see"). Additionally, some words that also contain other vowels can have the stress on '''ă''' like ''cărțile'' {{IPA|/ˈkərt͡sile/}} ("the books") and ''odăi'' {{IPA|/oˈdəj/}} ("rooms"). Another grapheme <a> with diacritic in Romanian is <[[â#Romanian|â]]>.


==Vietnamese==
==Vietnamese==
Ă is the 2nd letter of the [[Vietnamese alphabet]] and represents {{IPA|/a/}}. Because Vietnamese is a [[tonal language]] this letter may have any one of the 5 tonal symbols above or below it (or even no accent at all, since the Vietnamese first tone is identified by the lack of accent marks). See [[Vietnamese phonology]].
Ă is the 2nd letter of the [[Vietnamese alphabet]] and represents {{IPA|/ă/}}. Because Vietnamese is a [[tonal language]] this letter may have any one of the 5 tonal symbols above or below it (or even no accent at all, since the Vietnamese first tone is identified by the lack of accent marks, see also [[Vietnamese phonology]]): Ằ ằ, Ắ ắ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ặ ặ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modified Letters {{!}} Vietnamese Typography |url=https://vietnamesetypography.com/modified-letters/#abreve |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=vietnamesetypography.com}}</ref>

*Ằ ằ
*Ắ ắ
*Ẳ ẳ
*Ẵ ẵ
*Ặ ặ


==Malay==
==Malay==
The sound represented in pre-1972 [[Malay alphabet|Malaysian orthography]] by '''ă''' is a vowel. It occurred in the middle and final syllable of the root word such as "mată" {{IPA|/matə/}} (''eye'') and "sană" {{IPA|/sanə/}} (''there''). The letter was replaced in 1972 with '''a''' in the [[New Rumi Spelling]].
The sound represented in pre-1972 [[Malay alphabet|Malaysian orthography]] by '''ă''' is a vowel. It occurred in the final syllable of the root word such as ''lamă'' {{IPA|/lamə/}} ("long", "old"), ''mată'' {{IPA|/matə/}} ("eye"), and ''sană'' {{IPA|/sanə/}} ("there"). The letter was replaced in 1972 with '''a''' in the [[New Rumi Spelling]].


==Khmer==
==Balinese==
Ă used in [[Khmer language|Khmer]] romanization, e.g. ''preăh riăciănaacak kampuciă'' (Kingdom of Cambodia).
Ă or ă are used in [[Balinese language|Balinese]] romanization, e.g. ''Kabupatén Tăbăṅan'' (Tabanan Regency ).


==Pronunciation respelling for English==
==Pronunciation respelling for English==
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|0103|name1=Latin small letter A with breve
|0103|name1=Latin small letter A with breve
|0102|name2=Latin capital letter A with breve
|0102|name2=Latin capital letter A with breve
|map1=[[ISO 8859]]-[[ISO 8859-1|1]], [[ISO 8859-2|2]], [[ISO 8859-3|3]], [[ISO 8859-4|4]], [[ISO 8859-9|9]], [[ISO 8859-10|10]], [[ISO 8859-14|14]], [[ISO 8859-15|15]], [[ISO 8859-16|16]]|map1char1=103|map1char2=102
|map1=[[ISO 8859]]-[[ISO 8859-2|2]], [[ISO 8859-3|3]], [[ISO 8859-4|4]], [[ISO 8859-9|9]], [[ISO 8859-10|10]], [[ISO 8859-14|14]], [[ISO 8859-15|15]], [[ISO 8859-16|16]]|map1char1=103|map1char2=102
}}
}}

[[z]]

[[e]]

[[r]]

[[O]]

[[c]]

[[i]]

[[n]]

[[u]]

[[z]],[[e]],[[r]],[[o]],[[c]],i,n


==See also==
==See also==
{{Wiktionary|ă}}
{{Wiktionary|ă}}
*[[A with breve (Cyrillic)]], Cyrillic letter а with breve, visually indistinguishable
* [[A with breve (Cyrillic)]], Cyrillic letter а with breve, visually indistinguishable
*[[Breve]]
* [[Breve]]

+-------+-------+-------+
| . 4 . | . . 8 | 9 . . |
| 3 . . | . 7 . | . . 8 |
| . . . | . . . | 1 6 . |
+-------+-------+-------+
| . . 6 | . . 2 | . 5 . |
| . 8 5 | 7 . 4 | 2 3 . |
| . 3 . | 5 . . | 4 . . |
+-------+-------+-------+
| . 1 7 | . . . | . . . |
| 9 . . | . 5 . | . . 4 |
| . . 4 | 6 . . | . 2 . |
+-------+-------+-------+


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Phonetic transcription symbols]]
[[Category:Phonetic transcription symbols]]
[[Category:Latin letters with diacritics]]
[[Category:Latin letters with diacritics]]

[[zero]],cin

[[ze]],roun

Latest revision as of 01:00, 3 February 2024

This article is about the Latin letter. For the visually identical Cyrillic letter, see A with breve (Cyrillic).

Ă (upper case) or ă (lower case), usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian and Vietnamese orthographies. In Romanian, it is used to represent the mid-central unrounded vowel, while in Vietnamese it represents the short a sound. It is the second letter of the Romanian, Vietnamese, and the pre-1972 Malaysian alphabets, after A.

Ă/ă is also used in several languages for transliteration of the Bulgarian letter Ъ/ъ.[1]

Romanian[edit]

The sound represented in Romanian by ă is a mid-central vowel /ə/, i.e. schwa.[1][2] Unlike in English, Catalan and French but like in Indonesian (using e rather than ă), the vowel can be stressed.[3] There are words in which it is the only vowel, such as măr /mər/ ("apple") or văd /vəd/ ("I see"). Additionally, some words that also contain other vowels can have the stress on ă like cărțile /ˈkərt͡sile/ ("the books") and odăi /oˈdəj/ ("rooms"). Another grapheme <a> with diacritic in Romanian is <â>.

Vietnamese[edit]

Ă is the 2nd letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents /ă/. Because Vietnamese is a tonal language this letter may have any one of the 5 tonal symbols above or below it (or even no accent at all, since the Vietnamese first tone is identified by the lack of accent marks, see also Vietnamese phonology): Ằ ằ, Ắ ắ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ặ ặ.[4]

Malay[edit]

The sound represented in pre-1972 Malaysian orthography by ă is a vowel. It occurred in the final syllable of the root word such as lamă /lamə/ ("long", "old"), mată /matə/ ("eye"), and sană /sanə/ ("there"). The letter was replaced in 1972 with a in the New Rumi Spelling.

Balinese[edit]

Ă or ă are used in Balinese romanization, e.g. Kabupatén Tăbăṅan (Tabanan Regency ).

Pronunciation respelling for English[edit]

In some systems for Pronunciation respelling for English including American Heritage Dictionary notation, ă represents the short A sound, /æ/.

Character mappings[edit]

Character information
Preview ă Ă
Unicode name LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 259 U+0103 258 U+0102
UTF-8 196 131 C4 83 196 130 C4 82
Numeric character reference &#259; &#x103; &#258; &#x102;
Named character reference &abreve; &Abreve;
ISO 8859-2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16 259 103 258 102

See also[edit]

Look up ă in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Dafinoiu, Cristina (2015). "Considerations upon Romanian-Albanian Linguistics Reports in Phonetics and Phonology". Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa. Seria Filologie. XXVI (1): 60–66. ISSN 1223-7248. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  2. ^ Sala, Marius (2010). "Romanian". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 88 (3): 841–872. doi:10.3406/rbph.2010.7806. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  3. ^ Recasens, Daniel (July 2019). "Stressed /e/ Centralization into Schwa and Related Mid Vowel Developments in Catalan and Elsewhere in the Romania". Transactions of the Philological Society. 117 (2): 294–316. doi:10.1111/1467-968X.12159. ISSN 0079-1636.
  4. ^ "Modified Letters | Vietnamese Typography". vietnamesetypography.com. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
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