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{{Infobox Writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]] -->
:''For the album by Rustic Overtones, see ''[[Long Division]].
| name = Amrita Pritam
| image = Amrita Pritam (1919-2005).jpg
| birthname= Amrita Kaur
| birthdate = {{birth date|1919|8|31|mf=y}}
| birthplace = [[Gujranwala]], [[British India]]
| deathdate = {{death date and age|2005|10|31|1919|8|31|mf=y}}
| deathplace = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Novelist]]
}}


'''Amrita Pritam''' ([[August 31]], [[1919]]–[[October 31]], [[2005]]) ({{lang-pa|ਅਮ੍ਰਿਤਾ ਪ੍ਰੀਤਮ}}, ''{{IAST|amritā prītam}}'', {{lang-hi|अमृता प्रीतम}}, ''{{IAST|amr̥tā prītam}}'') was an [[India]]n [[writer]] and poet, considered the first prominent woman [[Punjab region|Punjabi]] poet, novelist, and essayist, and also as the leading 20th-century poet of the [[Punjabi language]], and equally loved on both the sides of the India-Pakistan border <ref name=guar/>.
In [[arithmetic]], '''long division''' is the standard [[algorithm|procedure]] suitable for dividing simple or complex multidigit numbers. It breaks down a [[division (mathematics)|division]] problem into a series of easier steps. As in all division problems, one number, called the [[division (mathematics)|dividend]], is divided by another, called the [[divisor]], producing a result called the [[quotient]]. It enables computations involving arbitrarily large numbers to be performed by following a series of simple steps. <ref>{{MathWorld | urlname=LongDivision | title= Long Division}}</ref>


She most remembered for her poignant poem, ''Aaj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu'' (I ask Waris Shah Today or "Ode to Waris Shah", an [[elegy]] to the 18th-century Punjabi poet, an expression of her anguish over massacres during the [[partition of India]]. As a novelist her most noted work was ''Pinjar'' (The Skeleton) (1950), in which she created her memorable character, ''Puro'', the novel was made into an award-winning film, ''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]]'' in 2003 <ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051105/saturday/main1.htm Always Amrita, Always Pritam] ''Gulzar Singh Sandhu on the Grand Dame of Punjabi letters'', ''[[The Tribune]]'', [[November 5]], [[2005]].</ref>
==Education==


When the former British India was [[Partition of India|partitioned]] into the independent states of India and [[Pakistan]], she migrated to India in 1947.
Today, inexpensive calculators and computers have become the most common way to solve division problems. (Internally, those devices use one of a variety of [[division (digital)|division algorithm]]s). Long division has been especially targeted for de-emphasis, or even elimination from the school curriculum, by [[reform mathematics]], though traditionally introduced in the 4th or 5th grades. Some curricula such as [[Everyday Mathematics]] teach non-standard methods unfamiliar to most adults, or in the case of [[TERC]] argue that long division notation is itself no longer in mathematics. However many in the mathematics community have argued that standard arithmetic methods such as long division should be continued to be taught <ref>"[http://www.csun.edu/~vcmth00m/longdivision.pdf The Role of Long Division in the K-12 Curriculum]" by David Klein, R. James Milgram.</ref>.


==Biography==
An abbreviated form of long division is called [[short division]].
=== Formative Years ===
Amrita Pritam was born in 1919 in [[Gujranwala]], [[Punjab]], now in [[Pakistan]] <ref name=guar>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2005/nov/04/guardianobituaries.india Amrita Pritam - Obituary]] ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[November 4]], [[2005]].</ref>, the only child of a school teacher and a poet, Kartar Singh Hitkari. Her father was a ''pracharak'' -- a preacher of the Sikh faith<ref>[http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_111205a.html Kushwant Singh, "Amrita Pritam: Queen of Punjabi Literature", ''The Sikh Times''] [[The Tribune]], [[November 12]], [[2005]].</ref>. Amrita's mother died when she was eleven. Soon after, she and her father moved to [[Lahore]]. Confronting adult responsibilities, she began to write at an early age. Her first anthology of poems was published in 1935, at age sixteen, the year she married Pritam Singh, an editor to whom she was engaged in early childhood, and changed her name to Amrita Pritam <ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/amrita-pritam-513564.html Amrita Pritam - Obituary] ''[[The Independent]]'', [[November 2]], [[2005]].</ref>.


==Notation==
=== Partition ===
Some one million [[Muslim]]s, [[Hindu]]s and [[Sikhs]] died from communal violence that followed the [[partition of India]] in 1947, and left Amrita Pritam, a Punjabi refugee at age 28, when she left [[Lahore]] and moved to [[New Delhi]]. Subsequently in 1948, while she was pregnant with her son, and travelling from [[Dehradun]] to [[Delhi]], she expressed anguish on a piece of paper <ref>[http://www.hindu.com/lr/2005/12/04/stories/2005120400040100.htm An alternative voice of history] Nonica Datta, [[The Hindu]], [[December 04]], [[2005]]. </ref> as the poem, "Aaj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu" (I ask Waris Shah Today); this poem was to later immortalize her and become the most poignant reminder of the horrors of Partition <ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2005/11/13/stories/2005111300030100.htm Juggling two lives] [[The Hindu]], [[November 13]], [[2005]].</ref>. The poem addressed to the Sufi poet [[Waris Shah]], author of the tragic saga of [[Heer Ranjha|Heer and Ranjah]] and with whom she shares her birth place <ref>
Long division does not use the [[slash]] (/) or [[obelus]] (÷) signs, instead displaying the [[dividend]], [[divisor]], and (once it is found) [[quotient]] in a [[tableau]]. An example is shown below, representing the division of 500 by 4 (with a result of 125).
[http://www.apnaorg.com/poetry/heercomp/ Complete Heer Waris Shah]</ref>, the Punjabi national epic:
<u> <span style="color: red;">1</span><span style="color: green;">2</span><span style="color: blue;">5</span></u> (Explanations)
4)500
<u>4</u> (4 &times; <span style="color: red;">1</span> = 4)
<span style="color: darkorange;">1</span>0 (5 - 4 = <span style="color: darkorange;">1</span>)
<u>8</u> (4 &times; <span style="color: green;">2</span> = 8)
<span style="color: darkcyan;">2</span>0 (10 - 8 = <span style="color: darkcyan;">2</span>)
<u>20</u> (4 &times; <span style="color: blue;">5</span> = 20)
0 (20 - 20 = 0)


<poem>
another example where there is a [[remainder]]:
'' Aj aakhan Waris Shah nun, kiton kabraan vichchon bol, ''
''Te aj kitab-e-ishq daa koi agla varka phol''
<u> 31.75</u>
''Ik roi si dhi Punjab di, tun likh likh maare vaen, ''
4)127
''Aj lakhaan dhian rondian, tainun Waris Shah nun kaehn
<u>12</u> (12-12=0 which is written on the following line)
''Uth dardmandaan dia dardia, uth takk apna Punjab''
07 (the seven is brought down from the dividend 127)
''Aj bele lashaan bichhiaan te lahu di bhari Chenab''
<u>4</u>
3.0 (3 is the remainder which is divided by 4 to give 0.75)


Today, I call Waris Shah, “Speak from your grave”
#First of all look at the first digit of the dividend (127) to see if any 4's (the divisor) can be subtracted from it (in our case there aren't any because we have 1 as the first digit and we aren't allowed to use negative numbers so we can't write -3)
And turn, today, the book of love’s next affectionate page
#If the number in the first digit isn't big enough we take the second one along with it (so in our case we will deal with 12 as our first number)
Once, a daughter of Punjab cried and you wrote a wailing saga
#See the maximum number of 4s that can subtracted from it (in our case that will be 3 fours which is 12)
Today, a million daughters, cry to you, Waris Shah
#Write in the quotient part (above the second digit since that is the last one you used) that 3 you concluded and write under the dividend the 12
Rise! O’ narrator of the grieving; rise! look at your Punjab
#Subtract the 12 you wrote from the one above it (the result will be of course zero)
Today, fields are lined with corpses, and blood fills the [[Chenab]] <ref>[http://www.buzzvines.com/amrita-pritham Complete verse with Translation]</ref><ref>[http://www.apnaorg.com/audio/amrita/ Ajj Aakhan Waris Shah Nu- Poetry in Amrita's Own Voice] Academy of the Punjab in North America (APNA).</ref>
#Repeat the first step again
</poem>
#Since the zero won't work bring down the next digit in the dividend (which is 7) next to the zero and you get 07
#Repeat step 3,4 and 5
#You will have in the quotient 31 and 3 as a remainder and no more digits in the dividend
#You can bring down a zero beside the 3 after you put the point and continue the division
#The result will be 31.75


Amrita Pritam worked until 1961 for [[All India Radio]]. After her divorce in 1960, her work became more clearly feminist. Many of her stories and poems drew on the unhappy experience of her marriage. A number of her works have been translated into [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and other languages from [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]], including her autobiographical works ''Black Rose'' and ''Revenue Stamp'' (''Raseedi Tikkat'' in Punjabi).
==Generalisations==
=== Rational numbers ===
Long division of integers can easily be extended to include non-integer dividends, as long as they are [[rational number|rational]]. This is because every rational number has a [[recurring decimal]] expansion. The procedure can also be extended to include divisors which have a finite or terminating [[decimal]] expansion (i.e. [[decimal fraction]]s). In this case the procedure involves multiplying the divisor and dividend by the appropriate power of ten so that the new divisor is an integer — taking advantage of the fact that ''a''&nbsp;÷&nbsp;''b'' = (''ca'')&nbsp;÷&nbsp;(''cb'') — and then proceeding as above.


The first of Amrita Pritam's books to be filmed was Dharti Sagar te Sippiyan, as ‘Kadambar’ (1965), followed by ‘Unah Di Kahani’, as ''Daaku'' ([[Dacoit]], 1976), directed by [[Basu Bhattacharya]].<ref>[http://www.sikhtimes.com/news_082702a.html Jeevan Prakash Sharma, "Amrita Pritam's Novel to Be Rendered on Film", ''The Hindustan Times'' (Aug. 27, 2002)]</ref> Her novel ''Pinjar'' (The Skeleton, 1970) was made into an [[Filmfare Best Art Direction|award winning]] [[Pinjar (film)|Hindi movie]] by [[Chandra Prakash Dwivedi]], because of its [[humanism]]: "Amritaji has portrayed the suffering of people of both the countries." ''Pinjar'' was shot in a border region of [[Rajasthan]] and in Punjab.
===Polynomials===
A generalised version of this method called [[polynomial long division]] is also used for dividing [[polynomial]]s (sometimes using a shorthand version called [[synthetic division]]).


She edited “Nagmani”, a monthly literary magazine in Punjabi for several years, which she ran together with Imroz, for 33 years; though after Partition she wrote prolifically in Hindi as well <ref name=lang/><ref>[http://www.pustak.org/bs/home.php?author_name=Amrita%20Pritam Books of Amrita Pritam]</ref>. In 1990s, she started writing on spiritual themes and dreams, producing works like ''Kaal Chetna'' (Time Consciousness) and ''Agyat Ka Nimantran'' (Call of the Unknown) <ref>[http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/arts/new-age-fiction/amritapritam.asp Visions of Divinity - Amrita Pritam] ''Life Positive'', April 1996.</ref>. She had also published two autobiographies, titled, ''Rasidi Ticket'' (The Revenue Stamp) and, ''Aksharon kay Saayee'' (Shadows of Words) <ref>[http://www.chowk.com/articles/9116 Amrita Pritam Biography] ''Chowk'', [[May 15]], [[2005]].</ref>
==See also==
*[[Short division]]
*[[Elementary arithmetic]]
*[[Arbitrary-precision arithmetic]]
*[[Polynomial long division]]


== References ==
== Acclaim ==
The first woman recipient of the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1956 for ''Sunehray'' (''Messages''), Amrita Pritam received the [[Jnanpith|Bhartiya Jnanpith]], India's highest literary award, in 1982 for ''Kagaj te Canvas (Paper and Canvas).'' She received the [[Padma Shri]] (1969) and [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian award, in 2004.
She received [[D.Litt.]] honorary degrees, from many universities including, [[Delhi University]] (1973), [[Jabalpur University]] (1973) and [[Vishwa Bharati]] (1987) <ref>[http://www.punjabilok.com/poetry/amrita_pritam.htm Amrita Pritam] ''www.punjabilok.com''.</ref>

She also received International [[Nikola Vaptsarov|Vaptsarov]] Award from the Republic of [[Bulgaria]] (1979) and Degree of Officer dens, [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] (Officier) by the [[French Government]] (1987) <ref name=lang>[http://www.languageinindia.com/dec2005/amritapritamsunwani1.html Amrita Pritam, The Black Rose] by Vijay Kumar Sunwani, Language In India, Volume 5 : 12 December 2005. </ref>. She was nominated as a member of [[Rajya Sabha]] 1986-92. Towards the end of her life, she was awarded by Pakistan's Punjabi Academy, to which she had remarked, ''Bade dino baad mere maike ko meri yaad aayi..''; and also Punjabi poets of Pakistan, sent her a ''chaddars'', from the tombs of [[Waris Shah]], and fellow Sufi mystic poets [[Bulle Shah]] and [[Sultan Bahu]] <ref name=guar/>.

==Personal life==
In 1960, Amrita Pritam left her husband, and lived the last forty years of her life with the renowned artist and writer, Imroz, who also designed most of her book covers <ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061105/spectrum/book4.htm Nirupama Dutt, "A Love Legend of Our Times"] ''[[Tribune]]'', [[Nov 5]], [[2006]].</ref>. She died in her sleep on 31st October 2005 at the age of 86 in [[New Delhi]], after a long illness. She survived by her partner Imroz , daughter - Kandlla; son- Navraj; daughter-in-law- Alka and her grandchildren - Taurus, Noor, Aman and Shilpi.

Her story cannot be completed without the name of [[Sahir Ludhianvi]] <ref>[http://www.upperstall.com/people/sahir-ludhianvi Sahir Biography] ''[[Upperstall.com]]''.</ref>. She was involved with him when she asked her husband for divorce. But Sahir then had a new woman in his life. Amrita grew closer to Imroz, whom she had known for many years and they together for the rest of her life. Their life together is also subject of a book, ''Amrita Imroz: A Love Story”.

==Works==
In her career spanning over six decades, she penned 28 novels, 18 anthologies of prose, five short stories and 16 miscellaneous prose volumes.
===Novels===
* ''Pinjar''
* ''Doctor Dev''
* ''Kore Kagaz, Unchas Din''
* ''Sagar aur Seepian''
* ''Rang ka Patta''
* ''Dilli ki Galiyan''
* ''Terahwan Suraj''
* ''Yaatri''
* Jilavatan (1968)
===Autobiography===
* ''Rasidi Ticket'' (1976)
* ''Shadows of Words'' (2004)
===Short stories===
* ''Kahaniyan jo Kahaniyan Nahi''
* ''Kahaniyon ke Angan mein''
* ''A Stench of Kerosene''

===Poetry anthologies===
* Amrit Lehran (1936)
* Jinnda Jian (1939)
* Trel Dhote Phul (1942)
* O Gitan Valia (1942)
* Badlam De Laali (1943)
* Lok Pigr (1944)
* Pagthar Giite (1946)
* Punjabi Di Aawaaz (1952)
* Sunehray (1955)
* Ashoka Cheti (1957)
* Kasturi (1957)
* Nagmani (1964)
* Ik Si Anita (1964)
* Chak Nambar Chatti (1964)
* Uninja Din (1979)
* Kagaz Te Kanvas (1981)---Bharatiya Jnanpith Award
* Chuni Huyee Kavitayen

===Literary Journal===
* ''Nagmani''
===Excerpts===
<poem>
There was a pain
I inhaled it
Quietly
Like a cigarette
Left behind are a few songs
I have flickered off
Like ashes
From the cigarette. <ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030803/spectrum/main7.htm Living life on her own terms] Kanchan Mehta. ''[[The Tribune]]'', [[August 3]], [[2003]].</ref>

</poem>

==Legacy==
An audio album 'Amrita recited by Gulzar' was released by noted lyricist [[Gulzar (lyricist)|Gulzar]], with poems of Amrita Pritam recited by him <ref>[http://www.gulzaronline.com/default.htm 'Amrita recited by Gulzar'] www.gulzaronline.com.</ref>
==Further reading==
* Uma Trilok, ''Amrita Imroz: A Love Story,'' Penguin India (2006) ISBN 0143100440
* Indra Gupta, ''India’s 50 Most Illustrious Women'' ISBN 8188086193
* [http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/amrita-biography/ 1st chapter of ''Revenue Stamp'' by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/bodypolitic/amritapritam.html ''The Cellar'' by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/belonging/amrita.html “Sahiban in Exile” by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.thedailystar.net/2004/02/07/d402072101111.htm “The Weed” by Amrita Pritam]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/jan-feb01/amrita.html Wild Flower'' by Amrita Pritam]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.sawnet.org/books/authors.php?Pritam+Amrita Info on Amrita Pritam]
*Alternative Division Algorithms: [http://www.doubledivision.org Double Division], [http://www.math.nyu.edu/~braams/links/em-arith.html Partial Quotients & Column Division], [http://mb.msdpt.k12.in.us/Math/PartialQuotients.wmv Partial Quotients Movie]
* [http://www.razarumi.com/2008/06/09/amrita-pritam-1919-2005/ Amrita Pritam 1919-2005-a tribute by Raza Rumi]

* [http://www.pustak.org/bs/home.php?author_name=Amrita%20Pritam See futher details of her books at Pustak.org]
*Step By Step Polynomial Long Division: [http://www.webgraphing.com/polydivision.jsp WebGraphing.com]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Pritam, Amrita}}
[[Category:Division]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Punjab (India)]]
[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Award recipients]]
[[Category:Jnanpith Award recipients]]
[[Category:Padma Shri recipients]]
[[Category:Padma Vibhushan recipients]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language poets]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Nominated Rajya Sabha Members]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]


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[[fi:Jakokulma]]
[[ml:അമൃതാ പ്രീതം]]
[[sv:Liggande stolen]]
[[mr:अमृता प्रीतम]]
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Revision as of 12:55, 11 October 2008

Amrita Pritam
File:Amrita Pritam (1919-2005).jpg
OccupationNovelist

Amrita Pritam (August 31, 1919–October 31, 2005) (Punjabi: ਅਮ੍ਰਿਤਾ ਪ੍ਰੀਤਮ, amritā prītam, Hindi: अमृता प्रीतम, amr̥tā prītam) was an Indian writer and poet, considered the first prominent woman Punjabi poet, novelist, and essayist, and also as the leading 20th-century poet of the Punjabi language, and equally loved on both the sides of the India-Pakistan border [1].

She most remembered for her poignant poem, Aaj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu (I ask Waris Shah Today or "Ode to Waris Shah", an elegy to the 18th-century Punjabi poet, an expression of her anguish over massacres during the partition of India. As a novelist her most noted work was Pinjar (The Skeleton) (1950), in which she created her memorable character, Puro, the novel was made into an award-winning film, Pinjar in 2003 [2]

When the former British India was partitioned into the independent states of India and Pakistan, she migrated to India in 1947.

Biography

Formative Years

Amrita Pritam was born in 1919 in Gujranwala, Punjab, now in Pakistan [1], the only child of a school teacher and a poet, Kartar Singh Hitkari. Her father was a pracharak -- a preacher of the Sikh faith[3]. Amrita's mother died when she was eleven. Soon after, she and her father moved to Lahore. Confronting adult responsibilities, she began to write at an early age. Her first anthology of poems was published in 1935, at age sixteen, the year she married Pritam Singh, an editor to whom she was engaged in early childhood, and changed her name to Amrita Pritam [4].

Partition

Some one million Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs died from communal violence that followed the partition of India in 1947, and left Amrita Pritam, a Punjabi refugee at age 28, when she left Lahore and moved to New Delhi. Subsequently in 1948, while she was pregnant with her son, and travelling from Dehradun to Delhi, she expressed anguish on a piece of paper [5] as the poem, "Aaj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu" (I ask Waris Shah Today); this poem was to later immortalize her and become the most poignant reminder of the horrors of Partition [6]. The poem addressed to the Sufi poet Waris Shah, author of the tragic saga of Heer and Ranjah and with whom she shares her birth place [7], the Punjabi national epic:

Aj aakhan Waris Shah nun, kiton kabraan vichchon bol,
Te aj kitab-e-ishq daa koi agla varka phol
Ik roi si dhi Punjab di, tun likh likh maare vaen,
Aj lakhaan dhian rondian, tainun Waris Shah nun kaehn
 Uth dardmandaan dia dardia, uth takk apna Punjab
Aj bele lashaan bichhiaan te lahu di bhari Chenab

Today, I call Waris Shah, “Speak from your grave”
And turn, today, the book of love’s next affectionate page
Once, a daughter of Punjab cried and you wrote a wailing saga
Today, a million daughters, cry to you, Waris Shah
Rise! O’ narrator of the grieving; rise! look at your Punjab
Today, fields are lined with corpses, and blood fills the Chenab [8][9]

Amrita Pritam worked until 1961 for All India Radio. After her divorce in 1960, her work became more clearly feminist. Many of her stories and poems drew on the unhappy experience of her marriage. A number of her works have been translated into English, French, Japanese and other languages from Punjabi and Urdu, including her autobiographical works Black Rose and Revenue Stamp (Raseedi Tikkat in Punjabi).

The first of Amrita Pritam's books to be filmed was Dharti Sagar te Sippiyan, as ‘Kadambar’ (1965), followed by ‘Unah Di Kahani’, as Daaku (Dacoit, 1976), directed by Basu Bhattacharya.[10] Her novel Pinjar (The Skeleton, 1970) was made into an award winning Hindi movie by Chandra Prakash Dwivedi, because of its humanism: "Amritaji has portrayed the suffering of people of both the countries." Pinjar was shot in a border region of Rajasthan and in Punjab.

She edited “Nagmani”, a monthly literary magazine in Punjabi for several years, which she ran together with Imroz, for 33 years; though after Partition she wrote prolifically in Hindi as well [11][12]. In 1990s, she started writing on spiritual themes and dreams, producing works like Kaal Chetna (Time Consciousness) and Agyat Ka Nimantran (Call of the Unknown) [13]. She had also published two autobiographies, titled, Rasidi Ticket (The Revenue Stamp) and, Aksharon kay Saayee (Shadows of Words) [14]

Acclaim

The first woman recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1956 for Sunehray (Messages), Amrita Pritam received the Bhartiya Jnanpith, India's highest literary award, in 1982 for Kagaj te Canvas (Paper and Canvas). She received the Padma Shri (1969) and Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, in 2004. She received D.Litt. honorary degrees, from many universities including, Delhi University (1973), Jabalpur University (1973) and Vishwa Bharati (1987) [15]

She also received International Vaptsarov Award from the Republic of Bulgaria (1979) and Degree of Officer dens, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Officier) by the French Government (1987) [11]. She was nominated as a member of Rajya Sabha 1986-92. Towards the end of her life, she was awarded by Pakistan's Punjabi Academy, to which she had remarked, Bade dino baad mere maike ko meri yaad aayi..; and also Punjabi poets of Pakistan, sent her a chaddars, from the tombs of Waris Shah, and fellow Sufi mystic poets Bulle Shah and Sultan Bahu [1].

Personal life

In 1960, Amrita Pritam left her husband, and lived the last forty years of her life with the renowned artist and writer, Imroz, who also designed most of her book covers [16]. She died in her sleep on 31st October 2005 at the age of 86 in New Delhi, after a long illness. She survived by her partner Imroz , daughter - Kandlla; son- Navraj; daughter-in-law- Alka and her grandchildren - Taurus, Noor, Aman and Shilpi.

Her story cannot be completed without the name of Sahir Ludhianvi [17]. She was involved with him when she asked her husband for divorce. But Sahir then had a new woman in his life. Amrita grew closer to Imroz, whom she had known for many years and they together for the rest of her life. Their life together is also subject of a book, Amrita Imroz: A Love Story”.

Works

In her career spanning over six decades, she penned 28 novels, 18 anthologies of prose, five short stories and 16 miscellaneous prose volumes.

Novels

  • Pinjar
  • Doctor Dev
  • Kore Kagaz, Unchas Din
  • Sagar aur Seepian
  • Rang ka Patta
  • Dilli ki Galiyan
  • Terahwan Suraj
  • Yaatri
  • Jilavatan (1968)

Autobiography

  • Rasidi Ticket (1976)
  • Shadows of Words (2004)

Short stories

  • Kahaniyan jo Kahaniyan Nahi
  • Kahaniyon ke Angan mein
  • A Stench of Kerosene

Poetry anthologies

  • Amrit Lehran (1936)
  • Jinnda Jian (1939)
  • Trel Dhote Phul (1942)
  • O Gitan Valia (1942)
  • Badlam De Laali (1943)
  • Lok Pigr (1944)
  • Pagthar Giite (1946)
  • Punjabi Di Aawaaz (1952)
  • Sunehray (1955)
  • Ashoka Cheti (1957)
  • Kasturi (1957)
  • Nagmani (1964)
  • Ik Si Anita (1964)
  • Chak Nambar Chatti (1964)
  • Uninja Din (1979)
  • Kagaz Te Kanvas (1981)---Bharatiya Jnanpith Award
  • Chuni Huyee Kavitayen

Literary Journal

  • Nagmani

Excerpts

There was a pain
I inhaled it
Quietly
Like a cigarette
Left behind are a few songs
I have flickered off
Like ashes
From the cigarette. [18]

Legacy

An audio album 'Amrita recited by Gulzar' was released by noted lyricist Gulzar, with poems of Amrita Pritam recited by him [19]

Further reading

References

  1. ^ a b c Amrita Pritam - Obituary] The Guardian, November 4, 2005.
  2. ^ Always Amrita, Always Pritam Gulzar Singh Sandhu on the Grand Dame of Punjabi letters, The Tribune, November 5, 2005.
  3. ^ Kushwant Singh, "Amrita Pritam: Queen of Punjabi Literature", The Sikh Times The Tribune, November 12, 2005.
  4. ^ Amrita Pritam - Obituary The Independent, November 2, 2005.
  5. ^ An alternative voice of history Nonica Datta, The Hindu, December 04, 2005.
  6. ^ Juggling two lives The Hindu, November 13, 2005.
  7. ^ Complete Heer Waris Shah
  8. ^ Complete verse with Translation
  9. ^ Ajj Aakhan Waris Shah Nu- Poetry in Amrita's Own Voice Academy of the Punjab in North America (APNA).
  10. ^ Jeevan Prakash Sharma, "Amrita Pritam's Novel to Be Rendered on Film", The Hindustan Times (Aug. 27, 2002)
  11. ^ a b Amrita Pritam, The Black Rose by Vijay Kumar Sunwani, Language In India, Volume 5 : 12 December 2005.
  12. ^ Books of Amrita Pritam
  13. ^ Visions of Divinity - Amrita Pritam Life Positive, April 1996.
  14. ^ Amrita Pritam Biography Chowk, May 15, 2005.
  15. ^ Amrita Pritam www.punjabilok.com.
  16. ^ Nirupama Dutt, "A Love Legend of Our Times" Tribune, Nov 5, 2006.
  17. ^ Sahir Biography Upperstall.com.
  18. ^ Living life on her own terms Kanchan Mehta. The Tribune, August 3, 2003.
  19. ^ 'Amrita recited by Gulzar' www.gulzaronline.com.

External links

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