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{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1736–1741)}} |
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'''Gembun''' (元文) was a [[Japanese era name| Japanese era]] after [[Kyoho| Kyōhō]] and before [[Kanpo| Kampō]] and spanned from [[1736]] to [[1741]]. The reigning emperor was [[Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan|Sakuramachi]]. |
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{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}} |
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{{nihongo|'''''Genbun'''''|元文}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Kyōhō]]'' and before ''[[Kanpō]].'' This period spanned the years from April 1736 through February 1741.<ref>{{Cite book |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC |
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To mark the enthronement of [[Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan| Sakuramachi]], on the 21st day of the 4th month of Kyōhō 21 (1736), the era was changed to Gembun (元文, "Original literature"?) |
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| isbn = 9780674017535 |
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| translator= Käthe Roth |
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| year= 2005 |
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| author= Louis-Frédéric |
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| title= Japan Encyclopedia |
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| publisher= Harvard University Press |
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| page= 235 |
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}}</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan|Sakuramachi]]''-tennō''|桜町天皇}}.<ref name=Annales>{{Cite book|last=Titsingh|first=Isaac|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9|title=Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon|date=1834|place=Paris|publisher=Oriental Translation Fund|language=fr}}</ref>{{rp|417–418}} |
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* '''1736''' {{nihongo|''Genbun gannen''|元文元年}}: To mark the enthronement of Sakuramachi, the era was changed to ''Genbun'' (meaning "Original civility"). The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Kyōhō'' 21, on the 21st day of the 4th month. |
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==Events of the ''Genbun'' era== |
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<dl><dd> |
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* '''1736''' (''Genbun 1''): The shogunate published an edict declaring that henceforth, the sole, authorized coinage in the empire would be those copper coins which were marked on the obverse with the character '''文''' (pronounced ''bun'' in Japanese or pronounced ''wen'' in Chinese—which is to say, the same character which is found in this era name of ''Genbun'').<ref name="Annales" />{{rp|418}} |
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<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> |
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* '''1737''' (''Genbun 2, 11th month''): A comet is noticed in the western part of the sky.<ref name="Annales" />{{rp|418}} |
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<tr style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;text-align:right"><td>Genbun</td><td>1st</td><td>2nd</td><td>3rd</td><td>4th</td><td>5th</td><td>6th</td></tr> |
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* '''1738''' (''Genbun 3''): Esoteric Shinto rituals {{nihongo|Daijō-ye|大嘗會,|ダイジヤウヱ,|''Daijō-sai''|}} were performed by the emperor.<ref name="Annales" />{{rp|418}} |
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<tr style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"><td>[[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]]</td><td>[[1736]]</td><td>[[1737]]</td><td>[[1738]]</td><td>[[1739]]</td><td>[[1740]]</td><td>[[1741]]</td></tr> |
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* '''1739''' (''Genbun 4''): Some foundrymen in Edo are commanded to create iron coins for use across the empire.<ref name="Annales" />{{rp|418}} |
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</table> |
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* '''1739''' (''Genbun 4''): Hosokawa Etchū-no-kami of Higo was killed in Edo castle by Itakura Katsukane, and the killer was ordered to commit suicide as just punishment; however, Shōgun [[Tokugawa Yoshimune|Yoshimune]] personally intervened to mitigate the adverse consequences for the killer's ''fudai'' family.<ref>Screech, Timon. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822'', pp. 117-121.</ref> |
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</dd></dl> |
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* '''August 8, 1740''' (''Genbun 5, 16th day of the 7th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 元文五年七月十六日 -->: Great floods in Heian-kyō. [[Sanjo Bridge]] is washed away.<ref name="pf321">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869'', p. 321.</ref> |
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* '''January 11, 1741''' (''Genbun 5, 24th day of the 11th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 元文五年十一月二十四日 -->: The esoteric ''Niiname-matsuri'' ceremonies were performed. This specific ceremony had otherwise been held in abeyance for the previous 280 years.<ref name="pf321"/> |
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==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==References== |
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<center> |
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* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301] |
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<table border = 1> |
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* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.B. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794-1869.'' Kyoto: Ponsonby-Fane Memorial. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36644 OCLC 36644] |
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<tr> |
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* [[Timon Screech|Screech, Timon.]] (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC&dq= ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822.''] London: [[RoutledgeCurzon]]. {{ISBN|978-0-203-09985-8}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65177072 OCLC 65177072] |
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<td width = 30% align = center> |
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* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]. |
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Preceded by:<br>[[Kyoho| Kyōhō]] |
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</td><td width = 40% align = center> |
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</td><td width = 30% align = center> |
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Succeeded by:<br>[[Kanpo| Kampō]] |
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</td></tr> |
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</table> |
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</center> |
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== External links == |
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[[ja:元文]] |
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* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection] |
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{{s-start}} |
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{{succession box |
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| before = {{nihongo|[[Kyōhō]]|享保}} |
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| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>{{nihongo|Genbun|元文}} |
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| years = 1736–1741 |
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| after = {{nihongo|[[Kanpō]]|寛保}} |
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}} |
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{{s-end}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Genbun}} |
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[[Category:Japanese eras]] |
[[Category:Japanese eras]] |
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[[Category:1730s in Japan]] |
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[[Category:1740s in Japan]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:38, 2 April 2024
| Part of a series on the |
| History of Japan |
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Genbun (元文) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Kyōhō and before Kanpō. This period spanned the years from April 1736 through February 1741.[1] The reigning emperor was Sakuramachi-tennō (桜町天皇).[2]: 417–418
Change of era[edit]
- 1736 Genbun gannen (元文元年): To mark the enthronement of Sakuramachi, the era was changed to Genbun (meaning "Original civility"). The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Kyōhō 21, on the 21st day of the 4th month.
Events of the Genbun era[edit]
- 1736 (Genbun 1): The shogunate published an edict declaring that henceforth, the sole, authorized coinage in the empire would be those copper coins which were marked on the obverse with the character 文 (pronounced bun in Japanese or pronounced wen in Chinese—which is to say, the same character which is found in this era name of Genbun).[2]: 418
- 1737 (Genbun 2, 11th month): A comet is noticed in the western part of the sky.[2]: 418
- 1738 (Genbun 3): Esoteric Shinto rituals Daijō-ye (大嘗會,, ダイジヤウヱ,, Daijō-sai) were performed by the emperor.[2]: 418
- 1739 (Genbun 4): Some foundrymen in Edo are commanded to create iron coins for use across the empire.[2]: 418
- 1739 (Genbun 4): Hosokawa Etchū-no-kami of Higo was killed in Edo castle by Itakura Katsukane, and the killer was ordered to commit suicide as just punishment; however, Shōgun Yoshimune personally intervened to mitigate the adverse consequences for the killer's fudai family.[3]
- August 8, 1740 (Genbun 5, 16th day of the 7th month): Great floods in Heian-kyō. Sanjo Bridge is washed away.[4]
- January 11, 1741 (Genbun 5, 24th day of the 11th month): The esoteric Niiname-matsuri ceremonies were performed. This specific ceremony had otherwise been held in abeyance for the previous 280 years.[4]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Louis-Frédéric (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Translated by Käthe Roth. Harvard University Press. p. 235. ISBN 9780674017535.
- ^ a b c d e Titsingh, Isaac (1834). Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon (in French). Paris: Oriental Translation Fund.
- ^ Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822, pp. 117-121.
- ^ a b Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, p. 321.
References[edit]
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.B. (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794-1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby-Fane Memorial. OCLC 36644
- Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-203-09985-8; OCLC 65177072
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.
External links[edit]
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection