Établissements billiards
The Établissements Billard were a French manufacturer of railway vehicles , which existed under this or similar name from 1920 to 1965 in Tours . The company has been known as Socofer since 1968 .
history
The company specialized in the construction of rail buses , small locomotives and draisines , especially for narrow-gauge railways . Founded under the name Billard, Chatenay et Cie , it operated from 1928 as the Société des Anciens Établissements Billard & Cie . The name Billard is particularly associated with combustion railcars for narrow lanes, which were also used in the French overseas territories , in Africa and other European countries.
Billiard rail buses were built for French branch lines, including the meter-gauge Compagnie de chemins de fer départementaux (CFD) and Tramways d'Ille-et-Vilaine . Small locomotives with a gauge of 60 cm were developed for industry and military purposes. Billard supplied standard gauge shunting locomotives of the Y 7100 series to the state railway SNCF . Billard also built freight cars and sidecars for passenger transport.
Numerous billiard vehicles have been preserved and some are used on museum railways . At the Chemins de fer de Provence and the Chemins de fer de la Corse , converted or modernized billiard vehicles are still in regular operation.
The company continues to operate in the rail sector under the name Socofer. A partnership with the German company Vossloh has existed for locomotive maintenance since 2013 .
Vehicles (selection)
Railcar
The low-lying car floor is characteristic of most billiard railcars. The engine is located transversely to the vehicle axis at one end of the car, on this side the driver's cab is slightly raised on a platform.
Legend: A = Autorail / rail bus, number = approximate power in HP , D = diesel drive, C = crémaillère / rack, R = écartement réduit / narrow gauge under 1000 mm, possibly last digit = different design
- A 75 D (standard gauge), built as X 901 to X 905 ( CFD X 900 series ) from 1946 to for the CFD, the following cars X 906 to X 916 built by the CFD itself. The axle formula is A1, the diesel-mechanical vehicles are 11 , 27 m long, 2.65 m wide, 8.5 t heavy and 75 km / h fast. They have 23 seats and 25 standing places. Nos. 901 and 903 are at the Chemin de fer touristique de la Sarthe in Beillé , nos. 902 and sidecars are available from the Trains à vapeur de Touraine in Richelieu .
- The SNCF series X 5600 (standard gauge) was created with the help of the Ètablissements Billard, which were involved in development and construction. The series, delivered from 1948 in 62 units (X 5601 to X 5662), was in use until 1966. It only had a raised driver's cab on the side at one end of the vehicle, and up to three units could be coupled. The 59 kW diesel railcars were 12.34 m long, weighed 10.6 t and had a top speed of 60 km / h. They had 43 seats and 40 standing places. Four vehicles have been preserved.
- A 80 D ( meter gauge ): The car no. 313 to 316 from the Voies ferrées du Velay and the Chemin de Fer du Vivarais and no. 513 from the Chemins de fer de la Corse have been preserved.
- A 135 D (meter gauge): The AM 20 of the Tramways d'Ille-et-Vilaine, converted to the R 5 sidecar, is preserved in the Musée des tramways à vapeur et des chemins de fer secondaires français in Butry-sur-Oise .
- A 150 D (meter gauge): Cars 111 to 116 ran in Corsica , cars 212 to 214 are from the Voies ferrées du Velay and the Chemin de Fer du Vivarais.
- A 150 D2 articulé (meter gauge) articulated railcar with the wheel arrangement . Bo'2'Bo ', running numbers 221 to 224. The carriage # 222 from 1939 is listed in the protected voies ferrées Velay.
- A 150 D6 (meter gauge): The carriages 523 and 525 (formerly Chemins de fer départementaux du Tarn ) and 526 (formerly Réseau Breton ) were last in Corsica , the carriages 212 to 214 are at the Voies ferrées du Velay and the Chemin de Fer du Vivarais received.
- A 150 D7
- A 150 D8 (meter gauge): The ZM 9 and ZM 11 railcars with the associated ZR 9 and ZR 11 trailer cars exist at the Chemin de fer de La Réunion in La Grande Chaloupe .
- A 210 D (meter gauge): length 17 meters, 210 hp. Cars 101 to 106 were used by the Chemins de fer de la Corse until 1960. The prototype No. 101 delivered in 1935 differed visually from the series vehicles delivered in 1936 and 1937. Two railcars were converted into sidecars.
- A 250 D (meter gauge): In December 1938, a railcar of this type was tested on the Chemin de fer du Blanc-Argent (BA) route. The vehicle built for the Abidjan-Niger Railway reached speeds of up to 93 km / h there.
- ACR (track width 750 mm), three in 1959 for railway Diakopto-Kalavryta in Greece built railcars . Since the planned electrification of the line did not materialize, generator cars were procured that ran in the middle between the electric multiple unit and a control car .
Locomotives
- Y 7100 (standard gauge): 210 two-axle shunting locomotives of this series were put into service between 1958 and 1962. In addition to billiards, four other manufacturers were involved in the construction. The machines are 8.94 m long, weigh 32 t and have an output of 129 kW.
Unless otherwise specified, the narrow-gauge locomotives have a track width of 600 mm. They were u. a. used for supplying the Maginot Line and by the Todt Organization during the German occupation of France .
Legend: T = Locotracteur / small or shunting locomotive, number = approximate power in HP, D = diesel, P = Pétrole / oil, G = gas / gas, possibly the last digit = number of axles
- T 50 D: Especially built for transporting beet.
- T 50 D3
- T 60 D: At least one machine (500 mm gauge) exists on the Petit train d'Artouste in the Pyrenees .
- T 75 D: The prototype of this series is at the Tacot des Lacs museum railway , another vehicle is being restored there. Vehicles No. 6 to 10 run at the P'tit train de Saint-Trojan on the Atlantic island of Île d'Oléron , No. 21 (built in 1937, formerly Sablières de Bourron opencast salt mine ) is at Chemin de fer Froissy-Dompierre in the Somme department .
- T 75 P: Machine no. 196 (built in 1945) was retraced to 500 mm and runs at the Chemin de fer touristique du Tarn in Saint-Lieux-lès-Lavaur .
- T 75 G
- T 80 D3: Specially built for transporting beets. The machine with the serial number 2066 is in use at the Tacot des Lacs museum railway.
- T 100 D
gallery
Billiard trolley 103 of the former Réseau Breton at the Association Picarde pour la Préservation et l'Entretien des Véhicules Anciens (APPEVA)
Diesel rail bus A 150 D8 from 1959 on Réunion
Billiard train on the Diakopto – Kalavryta railway line in Greece , consisting of an electric multiple unit , a control car and a centrally located generator car , 2005
Bastia Depot : A billiard sidecar in the middle, 1994
SNCF diesel railcars of the X 5600 series
Web links
- Socofer homepage (French and English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ L'usine nouvelle web site of April 15, 2013 , accessed April 2, 2014
- ↑ a b Billards 100 et 110 at nissan.fr ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (French), accessed April 6, 2014
- ↑ Voies Ferrées du Velay (VFV) for pictures and information for tram and train enthusiasts (with photo), accessed on April 6, 2014
- ↑ Magazine des Tramways à Vapeur et des Secondaires - N ° 32 de 1984 ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (French), accessed April 6, 2014
- ^ Geoffrey Nickson, Eric Martin: Le chemin de fer du Blanc à Argent . 2nd Edition. Editions du Cabri, Breil-sur-Roya 1989, ISBN 2-903310-78-5 , p. 70 .
- ^ Website of the Chemin de fer touristique du Tarn (French), accessed on April 7, 2014
