İskilipli Atıf Hoca

İskilipli Mehmed Atıf Hoca

İskilipli Mehmed Atıf Hoca (* 1875 in Tophane village, İskilip district ; † February 4, 1926 in Ankara ) was a Turkish religious scholar and author. In 1919 he and two other scholars founded the Cemiyet-i Müderrisin, a religious organization against the national movement under Ataturk . In the course of uprisings after the hat law was promulgated , he was sentenced to death by an independence court for organizing and inciting to riot and hanged . His pamphlet Frenk Mukallidliği ve Şapka (“The imitation of the West and the hat”) played a role .

Life

Born in a village as the son of Mehmed Ali Ağa, who traced his origins back to the Beys of the Akkoyunlu , and from an Arab mother, Nazlı Hanım, who came from Mecca , Atıf was orphaned at the age of six months. He grew up with his grandfather. He received his first religious instruction in İskilip . He later went to Istanbul to continue his education against the family's wishes . He completed his training in 1902. He worked in the Fatih Mosque , graduated from the theological faculty of the Darülfünun in 1905 and then worked as an Arabic teacher at a high school. Because of his political activities, he was exiled from Şeyhülislam to Bodrum and then went to the Crimea and Warsaw. After the proclamation of the Second Ottoman constitutional period , Atıf Efendi returned.

In the March 31 uprising , Atıf Efendi was imprisoned for a week and later, in 1913, sent into exile again for alleged involvement in the murder of Mahmoud Şevket Pasha . A year and a half later, he returned to Istanbul and remained unemployed for four years. In 1919 he and Mustafa Sabri founded Cemiyet-i Müderrisin, which was later to be renamed Teâli İslâm Cemiyeti. She acted for the Damat Ferid government and the occupying power and against the national movement in Ankara.

When violent protests broke out in some cities as part of the hat law, he was arrested for organizing and inciting to riot . His pamphlet entitled "Imitation of the West", which he wrote in 1924, played a role in this. In this writing Atif argued that the influences from the west would alienate the Turks from their religion. Aspects such as alcohol, prostitution, bars, but also hats, theater and dancing are harmful influences of the West. Hats are a sign of the unbelievers and from the time the Muslims had enough power, they rightly separated those of other faiths visually from the Muslims. To remove this separation with the introduction of the hat is kufr . However, it is allowed in Islam to imitate other aspects of Europeans - e.g. B. Eating and sleeping habits. Ultimately, according to Atıf Efendi, the entire European civilization is based on the Islamic one. Europe still has to work very hard to reach the excellent level of civilization of the Sharia .

The Ankara Independence Court referred the case to Giresun. This was followed by an odyssey to Istanbul and again to Ankara, where he was on trial in 1926. The prosecutor asked for three years of forced labor . However, the court imposed the death penalty . On February 4, 1926, İskilipli Mehmed Atıf Efendi was hanged on a market square in Ankara . His body was buried in the Mamak cemetery and reburied in 1954.

Atıf Efendi's life was filmed with the work "İskilipli Atıf Hoca - Kelebekler Sonsuza Uçar".

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Tarık Zafer Tunaya: Türkiyeʼde siyasal partiler Volume 2, Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları, 1986, p. 382
2. ↑ Binnaz Toprak: Islam and Political Development in Turkey , BRILL, 1981, p 69
3. ↑ www.sinematurk.com

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• İslâm Ansiklopedisi : İskilipli Mehmed Atıf Efendi