Shin (Hebrew)
Schin or Sin ( שין) is the twenty-first letter in the Hebrew alphabet . He has the numerical value of 300. It was originally probably referred to the Schin a sound that between [ ʃ ] , [ .theta ] and [ ɕ ] stood. In Hebrew , the sign of the two sounds is [ ʃ ] and [ s ] . A dot to the right above the letter marks it as Schin (שׁ, Pronunciation: ʃ ), a period on the left as Sin (שׂ, Pronunciation: voiceless s as in Snob ). In Unicode , the two points have the codes U + 05C1 (right for Schin) and U + 05C2 (left for Sin). These diacritical points belong to the Tiberian system of punctuation and are therefore missing in unvocalized texts, as they are common in modern Iwrit . The two sound values of Shin / Sin are treated as the same in alphabetical sorting, but otherwise behave like different consonants: If a word has the pronunciation Schin or Sin, all word forms and related words have the same sound. The differences between the same words can also be found in other Semitic languages, but with different phonetic values:
| Hebrew | Aramaic | Arabic | German |
|---|---|---|---|
| שׁ Schin: שׁלום shalom | שׁ Schin: שׁלם bad | س Sin :سلام salâm | peace |
| שׁ Schin: שׁלושׁ schalosch | ת Taw: תלת tlath | ث Tha :ثلاث thalâth | three |
| שׂ Sin: עשׂר it he | שׂ Sin: עשׂר asar | ش Schin :عشر ashr | ten |
| ס Samech: ספר sefer | ס Samech: ספר sfar | س Sin: سفر sifr | book |
Hebrew shin and sin correspond to the three Ur-Semitic consonants š (1st line), ṯ (2nd line) and ś (3rd line). The first two ( š and ṯ ) coincide in Hebrew to form shin ( š ). Sin was probably initially pronounced similarly in Hebrew, but under Aramaic influence it was similar in pronunciation to Samech (voiceless s ), which goes back to another ursemitic consonant ( s ) (4th line). In Aramaic , ursemitic ṯ and t coincide. In contrast, ursemitic ṯ was retained in Arabic ( Tha ), ursemitic ś became shin (Arabic) , and ursemitic š and s coincided with Sin (Arabic) . Although the Arabic letters Sin and Schin have the same phonetic value as the Hebrew letters of the same name, they are therefore often used the other way round (1st / 3rd line). In addition, however, Arabic Sin can also correspond to the Hebrew Samech, which is identical in pronunciation, if it goes back to Ur-Semitic s (4th line).
In the dialect of the tribe of Ephraim, the shin was apparently pronounced like the samech (→ shibboleth ). The ancient Hebrew tribal name Issachar is written in the Masoretic Bible text with two sins, the first being doubled and the second not pronounced and therefore written without a period.
The Sin is a consonant whose written form in the Phoenician alphabet goes back to the stylized representation of a tooth. Schen (שן) means 'tooth' in Hebrew. The Greek sigma and the Latin S go back to the same origin.
Examples
- שרה- Sara (princess)
- שטן- Satan (opponent, adversary)
- שבת- Shabbat: Sabbath (Latinized)
- שלמה- Schəlomo: Solomon (in today's Iwrit: "Schlomo")
- שם- Schem: Sem
- שמש - Schemesch: Sun
- שמעון- Shim'on: Simon ("He [God] has heard")
- שמשון- Shimshon: Samson
- שמואל- Schmu'el: Samuel
- שושנה- Schoschanna: Susanna (lily, commonly known as rose)
Character encoding
| Unicode codepoint | U + 05E9 |
| Unicode name | HEBREW LETTER SHIN |
| HTML | & # 1513; |
| ISO 8859-8 | 0xF9 |
