152 mm cannon M1910 / 34

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152 mm cannon M1910 / 34

The 152 mm M1910 / 34 cannon is a cannon developed in the Soviet Union in 1934 . It was developed as a further development of the 152-mm siege cannon M1910 ( Russian 152-мм осадная пушка образца 1910 года ). The cannon was a long-range gun with a maximum barrel elevation angle of 45 °. As a result, it was occasionally classified as a cannon howitzer.

In the NVA of the GDR , the weapon was a 152-mm gun model 1910/34 respectively.

development

The 152 mm siege cannon M1910 was developed by Schneider-Creusot for the Imperial Russian Army . The first modernization of the gun led to the 152 mm M1910 / 30 cannon in 1930 . It was possible to improve some combat properties of the weapon. However, the mobility and the low horizontal straightening angle remained inadequate. To solve the problem, the tube group of the 152-mm cannon was placed on the mount of the 122-mm cannon M1931 (A-19) . A first test model was tested from May 26, 1934. This factory test was continued in two stages until January 16, 1935. Then the gun went through the troop trials. The tests were essentially successful, so that the gun was included in the armament of the Red Army and series production was decided. During the trials, the weapon was initially referred to as the 152 mm howitzer M1932 , later as the 152 mm howitzer M1934 .

Production of the weapon began in Perm in 1934 . In the first year of production three guns were manufactured, and another three in the following year. On January 1, 1937, 125 cannons were available. Another 150 cannons had been produced by the end of the year, after which production was discontinued.

construction

gun

The tube group was taken over practically unchanged from the 152 mm siege cannon M1910. The barrel of the cannon consists of the inner tube , the outer jacket tube with screwed-on base and a muzzle brake . The gun has a screw lock , a hydraulic barrel brake and a hydropneumatic barrel retractor . The tube brake and the tube retractor are arranged side by side under the tube in the cradle. The straightening drives are located on both sides of the pipe. The gun is aimed manually.

The spreader mount was adopted practically unchanged from the 122 mm M1931 cannon. The carriage has large twin wheels with hard rubber tires that are cushioned by means of leaf springs. The spars of the carriage were a riveted construction made of profile steel. Two earth spurs were attached to the ends of the spar . The suspension was not automatically locked when the bars were spread. For the march, the spars of the carriage were placed on a limber . As space for the return pipe was required for firing with a large pipe elevation, the pipe had to be moved very far forward. The top-heaviness of the gun was compensated by two spring balancers, which stood perpendicular to both sides of the barrel in front of the protective shield.

The gun had a small protective shield that was mainly intended to protect the crew from the cannon's muzzle flash.

ammunition

The ammunition developed and procured for the 152 mm howitzers could also be used for the 152 mm M1910 / 34 cannon

The existing 152 mm ammunition could still be used for the gun. This also included types of ammunition that were manufactured or imported for the Imperial Russian Army in Russia. Separate ammunition was fired.

Types of ammunition

Types of ammunition
Type designation Bullet weight, kg Explosive weight, kg Initial speed, m / s Range, m
armor-piercing projectiles
Arrow projectiles without a ballistic hood BR-540 ( Russian БР-540 ) 48.8 0.66 600 4000
Bullets with ballistic hood (introduced from 1944) BR-540B ( Russian БР-540Б ) 46.5 0.48 600 4000
armor piercing, marine Model 1915/28 ( Russian обр. 1915/28 гг. ) 51.07 3.2 573 5000
Hollow charge grenades
Shaped charge BP-540 ( Russian БП-540 ) 27.44 ? 680 3000
concrete-breaking grenades
long-range concrete-breaking grenades (howitzer) G-530 (G-530Sch) ( Russian Г-530 (Г-530Ш) ) 40.0 5.1 ? ?
long range concrete crushing grenades (cannon) G-545 ( Russian Г-545 ) 56.0 4.2 ? ?
Fragmentation explosives
Grenades for cannons
Long range steel grenade OF-540 ( Russian ОФ-540 ) 43.6 5.9-6.25 ? ?
Long range steel grenade OF-540Sch ( Russian ОФ-540Ж ) 43.6 5.9-6.25 ? ?
Pointed head grenade of older models F-542 ( Russian Ф-542 ) 38.1 5.86 ? ?
Pointed head grenade of older models F-542G ( Russian Ф-542Г ) 38.52 5.83 ? ?
Grenade older model F-542SchG ( Russian Ф-542ШГ ) 41.0 5.93 ? ?
Grenade older model F-542Sch ( Russian Ф-542Ш ) 40.6 6.06 ? ?
Grenade older model F-542SchU ( Russian Ф-542ШУ ) 40.86 5.96 ? ?
older arrowhead bullet F-542U ( Russian Ф-542У ) 38.36 5.77 ? ?
Grenades for howitzers
long-range steel grenade OF-530 ( Russian ОФ-530 ) 40.0 5.47-6.86 ? ?
long-range cast steel grenade OF-530A ( Russian ОФ-530А ) 40.0 5.66 ? ?
older grenade F-533 ( Russian Ф-533 ) 40.41 8.0 ? ?
older grenade F-533K ( Russian Ф-533К ) 40.68 7.3 ? ?
older grenade F-533N ( Russian Ф-533Н ) 41.0 7.3 ? ?
older grenade F-533U ( Russian Ф-533У ) 40.8 8.8 ? ?
Cast steel grenade (French) F-534F ( Russian Ф-534Ф ) 41.1 3.9 ? ?
Mortar shell executed in 1931 F-521 ( Russian Ф-521 ) 41.7 7.7 ? ?
Steel grenade (English, for 152-mm howitzer Vickers) F-531 ( Russian Ф-531 ) 44.91 5.7 ? ?
Shrapnel
Shrapnel with delay detonator 45 s Sch-501 ( Russian Ш-501 ) 41.16-41.83 0.5 (680–690 пуль) ? ?
Shrapnel T-6 Sch-501T ( Russian Ш-501Т ) 41.16 0.5 (680–690 пуль) ? ?
Flares
Parachute flare (lighting time 40 s) S1 ( Russian С 1 ) 40.2 ? ? ?
chemical grenades
chemical fragmentation grenade OCh-540 ( Russian ОХ-540 ) ? ? ? ?
chemical grenade, howitzer ChS-530 ( Russian ХС-530 ) 38.8 ? ? ?
chemical grenade, howitzer ChN-530 ( Russian ХН-530 ) 39.1 ? ? ?
chemical grenade (only introduced after the end of the war) SChS ( Russian ЗХЗ ) ? ? ? ?

Effect of armor-piercing projectiles

Like almost all Soviet guns, the 152 mm siege cannon M1910 was set up for direct aiming against tanks. However, this was not the primary purpose of the weapon, the cannon was too large and immobile. Shaped charge grenades were only available for the cannon after the end of the Second World War . The BP-540 shell ( Russian: БП-540 ) penetrated 250 mm of homogeneous armor steel at an impact angle of 90 °, 220 mm at 60 ° and 120 mm at 30 °.

Effect of armor-piercing projectiles.
BR-540 ( Russian БР-540 )
Range, m at an angle of incidence of 60 °, mm at angle of incidence 90 °, mm
500 105 125
1000 95 115
1500 85 105
2000 75 90
BR-540B ( Russian БР-540Б )
Range, m at an angle of incidence of 60 °, mm at angle of incidence 90 °, mm
500 105 130
1000 100 120
1500 95 115
2000 85 105
armor piercing, Marine Ausf. 1915/28
Range, m at an angle of incidence of 60 °, mm at angle of incidence 90 °, mm
100 110 136
500 104 128
1000 97 119
1500 91 111
2000 85 105

Technical specifications

152 mm cannon M1910 / 34
General properties
classification
Chief designer
Name of the manufacturer 152 mm cannon M1910 / 34
Manufacturer
Length with limber 8,100 mm
width 2,340 mm
height 1,990 mm
Weight in combat position 7,100 kg
Weight in marching position 7,820 kg
Cruising speed, road 25 km / h
team 1/7
Years of construction
number of pieces 275
pipe
caliber 152.4 mm
Pipe length 4,405 mm
Height of the line of fire 1,485 mm
Fire dates
Elevation range −4 to 45 °
Side straightening area 58 °
Range, maximum 15,600 m
Muzzle velocity 665 m / s
fire rate 3-4 rounds / min

commitment

The 152 mm M1910 / 34 cannon was an overall successful modernization of the original model. By using the spreader mount, the mobility of the gun could be increased overall, in particular the time for the transition from the marching to the combat situation and vice versa decreased. Due to the carriage construction, the horizontal straightening angle could be increased, which improved the possibilities for quick relocation of the fire. This also made it possible to use it in direct targeting against tanks. Increasing the vertical directional angle by 5 ° increased the range of the cannon. Nevertheless, the gun had some shortcomings. The lack of the automatic blocking of the suspension when the spars spread, as well as the spring balancer, unnecessarily lengthened the times from the march to the combat situation. The combination of the compensation mechanism with the vertical straightening drive led to low vertical straightening speeds. The maximum pipe elevation angle of 45 ° was also considered insufficient. Therefore, the modernizations of the weapon continued, which ultimately led to the 152-mm cannon howitzer M1937 (ML-20) . At the beginning of the Second World War, the cannon was still a modern weapon.

Use in the Red Army

The 152-mm cannon M1910 / 34 was used in the Red Army in the artillery units of the army corps and the reserve of the high command together with the 152-mm cannon howitzer M1937 (ML-20) . In the heavy artillery regiments of the reserve of the high command, 24 152-mm cannons were provided. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War , the Red Army had 146 and, according to other sources, 275 guns. The guns were used in various combat operations, but no detailed reports on the use have come down to us.

Use in the Wehrmacht

Guns captured by the Wehrmacht during the Second World War were used by them as 15.2 cm K.433 / 2 (r) .

Use in the CIP

The barracked people's police received a total of sixteen guns between 1954 and 1956. The weapons were used in the artillery regiments of the two territorial administrations . Since the establishment of military units was not allowed in Germany at the time, military terms were largely avoided. The artillery readiness was designated as B readiness. The B readiness had the structure of an artillery regiment, but was not fully staffed. Each territorial administration received seven guns, the two remaining guns were assigned to the training facilities of the territorial administrations.

Use in the NVA

Structure of the artillery units of a military district of the NVA 1956

The NVA took over the sixteen guns from the KVP. The cannons were used in the cannon / cannon howitzer departments of the artillery regiments of the military districts. There it was only a replacement armament for the insufficient number of 152 mm M1937 cannon howitzers and 152 mm M1943 howitzers . After 1960 the guns were retired.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Rocket and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III, technical catalog, 152 mm cannon model 1910/34
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Wilfried Copenhagen: The land forces of the NVA. P. 49.
  3. ↑ Обеспеченность Красной армии артиллерийскими орудиями на 22 июня 1941 г ( memento from January 27, 2011 on WebCite ) (Russian)
  4. ↑ А. Иванов: Артиллерия СССР во Второй мировой войне , 2003 (Russian)
  5. ^ Wilfried Copenhagen: The land forces of the NVA. P. 18 ff.
  6. ^ Wilfried Copenhagen: The land forces of the NVA. P. 20.
  7. ^ Wilfried Copenhagen: The land forces of the NVA. P. 31.
  8. ^ Wilfried Copenhagen: The land forces of the NVA. P. 46.

Web links

Commons : M1910 / 34 152 mm cannon  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

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