2-nitropropane

Structural formula
General
Surname	2-nitropropane
other names	Dimethylnitromethane; Isonitropropane; 2-NP;
Molecular formula	C 3 H 7 NO 2
Brief description	colorless liquid with an ethereal odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	201-209-1
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.100
PubChem	398
ChemSpider	387
Wikidata	Q209453
properties
Molar mass	89.09 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.99 g cm −3
Melting point	−93 ° C
boiling point	120 ° C
Vapor pressure	17.2 h Pa (20 ° C); 29.9 hPa (30 ° C); 49.8 hPa (40 ° C); 79.9 hPa (50 ° C);
solubility	poor in water (17 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
Refractive index	1.3944 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 226-302-331-341-350-412
	P: 201-210-280-304 + 340 + 311-308 + 313-370 + 378
MAK	Switzerland: 5 ml m −3 or 18 mg m −3
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−180.3 kJ / mol
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

2-Nitropropane is a nitro derivative of propane .

Occurrence and manufacture

2-Nitropropane is produced when tobacco and other nitrate-rich organic material is burned . On the one hand, it can be produced from nitric acid and an excess of propane in the vapor phase, the ratio of the nitro compounds formed depending on the temperature. On the other hand, it can be synthesized by reacting dinitrogen tetroxide with propane in the presence of an excess of oxygen.

properties

2-Nitropropane is a clear, oily liquid. Technical nitropropane can be slightly yellow in color. It is flammable, moderately volatile and forms explosive mixtures with air. The compound has a flash point of 26 ° C. The lower explosion limit is 2.2 vol.% (81 g / m ³ ). The ignition temperature is 425 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T2. The electrical conductivity of 5 · 10 ⁻⁵ S · m ⁻¹ at 30 ° C is rather low. 2-Nitropropane is stable under normal conditions, but reacts with basic substances with deprotonation on the middle carbon atom. The resulting aci-nitropropane anion can explode violently when heated or concentrated from solutions. 2-Nitropropane is not very soluble in water, but can be mixed with many organic solvents. It is itself an excellent solvent for many organic compounds .

use

It is rarely used as a solvent . It is also used as a fuel additive.

toxicology

The main route of absorption of 2-nitropropane is via the respiratory tract. Acute irritation of the eyes, mucous membranes and airways must be expected. Furthermore, disorders of the central nervous and gastrointestinal system, blood damage and liver damage can occur. Symptoms of poisoning are headache, dizziness, staggering gait, vomiting and abdominal pain.

2-Nitropropane is carcinogenic in animal experiments.

Chronic ingestion causes severe liver damage; one proven case resulted in the death of a worker after 3 weeks.

Web links

Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) for 2-nitropropane

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Entry on 2-nitropropane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 17, 2020(JavaScript required) .
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-394.
↑ Entry on 2-nitropropane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 79-46-9 or 2-nitropropane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-24.
^ ^A ^b ^c E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.
↑ Technical rule for hazardous substances TRGS 727, BG RCI leaflet T033 Avoidance of ignition hazards due to electrostatic charges , status August 2016, Jedermann-Verlag Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-86825-103-6 .

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Entry on 2-nitropropane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 17, 2020(JavaScript required) .

[CRC90_3_394-2] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-394.

[CLP_100.001.100-3] Entry on 2-nitropropane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[4] Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 79-46-9 or 2-nitropropane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.

[CRC90_5_24-5] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-24.

[Brandes-6] A ^b ^c E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.

[7] Technical rule for hazardous substances TRGS 727, BG RCI leaflet T033 Avoidance of ignition hazards due to electrostatic charges , status August 2016, Jedermann-Verlag Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-86825-103-6 .