2S25 Sprut-SD

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2S25 Sprut-SD
2S25 Sprut-SD at a Russian military exhibition (2013)

2S25 Sprut-SD at a Russian military exhibition (2013)
General properties
crew 3 (commander, driver, gunner)
length 7.07 m
width 3.15 m
height 2.72 m
Dimensions 18 tons combat weight
Armor and armament
Armor against machine gun projectiles
Main armament 1 × 125mm smoothbore gun 2A75
Secondary armament 1 × 7.62 mm PKTM ( coaxial MG)
agility
drive V6 diesel engine with supercharging, 2W-06-2S
510 hp (375 kW) at 2100 rpm
suspension individually adaptable, hydropneumatic
Top speed 70 km / h (road), 45–50 km / h (terrain), 9 km / h (in water)
Power / weight 28.3 hp / t
Range 500 km (road), 350 km (terrain)

The 2S25 Sprut-SD ( Russian 2С25 “Спрут-СД” , German Krake ) is a Russian airborne tank of the Russian airborne troops , which is deployed by parachute . It was developed in the design office of the “Volgograd Tractor Factory ” in Yekaterinburg in “Factory No. 9”. Under the aegis of the scientific management of the "Central Institute for Precision Mechanics" (ЦНИИточмаш) in the city of Klimovsk . AW Schabalin was the chief designer for the chassis and WI Nasedkin for the 125 mm cannon. The Jagdpanzer is designed to fight tanks, armored technology and soldiers on the battlefield. It is also suitable to be used in the marine infantry and in special operations of the army. He is buoyant and can fire his cannon on the water. It is based on the chassis of the BMD-3 airborne vehicle.

history

Background to the concept

Light PT-76 tanks were in service with the Soviet Army until the late 1960s . These tanks were primarily used to armed army reconnaissance troops and elite marine infantry units. With the use of the BMP-1 from 1966 , the further use of the PT-76 tank was questioned, however, according to Marshal AA Grechko , one could not refrain from such a branch of arms. The thesis proved to be true in the operational experience of the PT-76 tanks during the Arab-Israeli wars and showed the effectiveness of a light and buoyant tank . In the eight-year plan of research and development work, the construction of a new buoyant tank was embarked on, the characteristics of which should surpass those of the PT-76B tank and its foreign analogies. At the beginning of the 1980s, several variants of a new tank were developed, among which was a light tank under the designation "Object 934". On February 21, 1980, at a meeting of the military-technical council of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union, it was decided to discard the project of a light tank, because work on the new armored personnel carrier with the designation "Object 688" started at this time . From the mid-1980s onwards, M60A3 , M1 Abrams , Leopard 2 and Challenger 1 main battle tanks appeared in the NATO countries . The airborne troops of the Soviet Union used BMD-1 tanks and its BTR-RD variant, which were not able to carry out an effective fight against the new foreign battle tanks. At that time, the Soviet Army got the Il-76 transport aircraft, which significantly increased the ability to transport military goods. The maximum transport weight increased to 40 tons. The modernization possibilities of the BMD-1 tank and its variants were exhausted. The airborne troops had thus been given the opportunity to develop heavier armored vehicles with a simultaneous increase in armor and firepower. In the “3. Central Scientific Institute “the concept of an armored vehicle for the airborne troops was developed. The basic concept included a chassis weight of 3.5 and 6 tons and it was considered to develop an anti-tank gun on a self-propelled gun for the airborne troops to be able to fight against NATO tanks.

Preliminary studies

In 1982 at the earliest, the "Central Institute for Precision Mechanics" (ЦНИИточмаш) began scientific work on the development of an anti-tank gun of the 125 mm caliber on a self-propelled gun. During development work, a prototype based on the BMP-2 was made, which proved the possibility of making a light anti-tank gun. The research results served as the basis for the report of the Commission of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union of July 29, 1983, in which preliminary work for the implementation and development of a self-propelled anti-tank gun based on a future airborne tank was ordered. In the search for a basic chassis, it was realized that the chassis of the light tank under the designation "Object 934" was suitable for the intended purposes. In 1983 one of the three prototypes was handed over to the "Central Institute for Precision Mechanics", on the basis of which the anti-tank gun was developed according to the classic turret scheme. In test shots, a fire accuracy comparable to that of battle tanks was found, while the stress on the crew and the technology remained within limits. The work gained in this way was incorporated into the development of the construction work under the name "Sprut-SD" - the GRAU index traded under the name 2S25.

Field tests and acceptance into the army

In 1984 the tactical and technical tasks for the development of the airborne tank "Sprut-SD" were confirmed and on October 20, 1985 the military-industrial commission of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union decided to officially start developing a new 125 mm cannon kick off. In 1986, the development of the transport mechanisms for dropping aircraft under the designation P260 began; The P235 system, which was developed for dropping the BMP-3 , served as the basis . Field tests under the supervision of the Department of Defense were conducted in 1990 and 1991, but disadvantages of the P260 system were revealed, including difficulty of use, high manufacturing cost, and complications of the reactive braking system. On May 30, 1994, the use of the P260 system was prohibited by a decision of the Russian Air Force and Russian Airborne Forces and a new “P260M” drop system was commissioned. In 2001, additional field tests of the airborne tank 2S25 were carried out, and on January 9, 2006, by order of the Defense Minister of the Russian Federation, the tank was taken into service with the Russian armed forces .

description

Chassis and tower

The chassis of the 2S25 airborne tank retained the geometry and layout of the light tank under the designation "Object 934" and consisted of welded aluminum armor. In the front compartment, the driver is housed in the middle, while the commander is on his right and the gunner on the left. The ammunition is in the middle section, while the turret sits on the chassis. The gunner and the commander have their place in the turret during the battle, and the automated loader for the cannon and machine gun is also located there. The drive units are located in the rear section of the chassis. The front and side turret armor and the chassis are additionally reinforced with steel plates and protect the crew from projectiles of the caliber 12.7 mm in the impact area ± 40 °. The entire remaining surface of the tank offers protection from 7.62 mm caliber and fragments from artillery shells.

Armament

The main armament 2S25 airborne tank is 125 mm smooth tube - cannon 2А75 that an updated version of the tank gun 2A46 represents and their variants. Initially, they wanted to install a muzzle brake to reduce recoil. The problem of recoil could be eliminated, among other things, by using a hydropneumatic suspension, which significantly minimized the momentum of the recoil. The weight of the cannon is 2350 kg; it is stabilized in two levels and has an automatic loading device, with which a rate of seven rounds per minute is possible. The loading machine consists of a conveyor mechanism for 22 projectiles and the removal of the used projectile cases. When the ground is inclined, the cannon can be fired from the front (between angles of −5 to + 15 °) and to the rear (between angles of −3 to + 17 °). The Sprut-SD-Panzer is able to fire while moving and can take 40 cannon projectiles in the turret. In addition, a PK machine gun caliber 7.62 mm with a load of 2000 cartridges was installed in a tape cassette.

The Sprut SD airborne vehicle can use the ammunition from the D-81 chariot gun . As standard, the 2S25 tank contains 20 projectiles with a combined warhead made of fragmentation and explosive elements, 14 armor-piercing projectiles and six 9M119 Swir precision-guided projectiles . Armor-piercing projectiles with the designation "3ВБМ17" can penetrate a steel plate up to a thickness of 230 mm, for example, at an impact angle of 60 ° at a distance of 2000 m. High-explosive anti-tank projectiles "3ВБК25" penetrate, for example, 300 mm thick steel and precision-guided projectiles can penetrate 375 mm thick steel.

Target acquisition and communication

The gunner is equipped with a monocular periscope "1A40M-1" for target acquisition of the cannon and the machine gun. A range finder was installed in the sight and a computing unit for the ballistic properties during sighting, such as measuring the lateral compensation inclination when pursuing moving targets or the illumination with the laser unit for the precision-guided projectiles. Using the "1A40M-1" target unit, for example, the range for combined projectiles with fragmentation and explosive elements is 5 km, for armor-piercing and precision-assisted projectiles 4 km and 1.8 km with the machine gun. For use in the dark, the Sprut-SD has a night vision device "ТО1-КО1Р" and the night vision visor "ТПН-4Р". The detection of a main battle tank is up to 1.5 km.

Communication is guaranteed by the radio "P-173". The radio receiver works on an ultra-short wave frequency and contributes to a stable radio connection with receivers of the same type up to a range of 20 km and depending on the height of the antenna of both radio transmitters. Communication within the tank is handled by the "P-174" unit.

Special accessories

The 2S25 "Sprut-SD" airborne vehicle does not need any external equipment to be buoyant. It already has water jets, the openings of which are in the lower chassis area. For use in areas contaminated by radioactive fallout , chemical weapons or biological weapons , the 2S25 tank has protection systems against weapons of mass destruction . For self-masking, he can fire smoke grenades from six 81 mm devices .

User states

Current user

  • RussiaRussia Russia - As of January 2018, at least 36 2S25 "Sprut-SD" are in service with the airborne troops .

Web links

Commons : 2S25 Sprut-SD  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Кириченко П .: Нелёгкая судьба лёгкого танка (=  Техника и вооружение: вчера, сегодня, завтра . No. 8 ). Техинформ, 2008, ISSN  1682-7597 , p. 18-19 .
  2. ↑ Авторский коллектив под руководством Панова В. В .: Развитие артиллерийского вооружения в период 1967–1987 гг. . Ed .: Под ред. Константинова Е. И. 1000th edition. 2007, 3 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт Министерства обороны Российской Федерации. Исторический очерк. 3 апреля 1947–2007, pp. 221 .
  3. ↑ Кириченко П .: Нелёгкая судьба лёгкого танка . Техника и вооружение: вчера, сегодня, завтра, No. 11 . Техинформ, 2008, ISSN  1682-7597 , p. 11 .
  4. ↑ a b c Федосеев С .: Боевые машины на базе БМД-3 . Техника и вооружение: вчера, сегодня, завтра, No. 9 . Техинформ, 2012, ISSN  1682-7597 .
  5. ↑ Грехнев А. В .: Артиллерия ВДВ . Техника и вооружение: вчера, сегодня, завтра, No. 6 . Техинформ, 2006, ISSN  1682-7597 , p. 9-10 .
  6. ↑ 2S25 Sprut-SD Panzer (translated) . Концерн Тракторные заводы. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 3, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / vmk.tplants.com
  7. ↑ Карпенко А. В .: « Оружие России ». Современные самоходные артиллерийские орудия . Бастион, 2009, p. 58-59 ( narod.ru [PDF]).
  8. ↑ Artillery Factory No. 9: Production for tanks etc. 125 mm caliber (translated) . Завод №9. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  9. ↑ 125- мм танковые пушки 2А26, 2А46, 2А46-1, 2А46М, 2А46М-1, 2А46М-2. Техническое описание и инструкция по эксплуатации. Часть 3. Боеприпасы . Военное издательство Министерства обороны СССР, 1988, p. 12-17 .
  10. ↑ Рособронэкспорт: Каталог экспортного вооружения . "Интервестник", 2003, Вооружение сухопутных войск (Original title: Land forces weapons. Export catalog .).
  11. ↑ Карпенко А. В .: Каталог современного российского вооружения и конверсионной техники на международных выставках вооружений и военной техники (1992-2001 гг.) . «Бастион», 2001, Часть 1, p. 88-92 .
  12. ↑ Под ред. Вавилова А. Д (Ed.): Изделие 1А40. Техническое описание . Военное издательство Министерства обороны СССР, 1987, p. 7-8 .
  13. ↑ Энциклопедия XXI век. Оружие и технологии России. Часть 1. Прицелы бронетанкового вооружения и техники . Издательский дом "Оружие и технологии", 2005, ISBN 5-93799-020-X , p. 190, 191, 196, 197 .
  14. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 , pp. 200 (English, as of January 2018).