BMP-2

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BMP-2
BMP-2 of the NVA in the Munster tank museum

BMP-2 of the NVA in the Munster tank museum
General properties
crew 3 (commander, gunner and driver) + 7 (rifle group)
length 6735 mm
width 3150 mm
height 2059 mm (with anti-tank guided missile 2450 mm)
Dimensions 13.8-14 tons
Armor and armament
Armor 6-26 mm
Main armament 30 mm autocannon 2A42
Secondary armament 7.62 mm coaxial MG PKT , smoke launch system
agility
drive 6-cylinder diesel engine UTD-20S1
210-220 kW at 2600 rpm
suspension Torsion bar
Top speed 65 km / h (road)
45 km / h (terrain)
7 km / h (water)
Power / weight 16.0 kW / t
Range 550-600 km

The BMP 2 is a Soviet amphibious armored personnel carrier . The acronym stands for " B ojewaja M ashina P echoty 2 " ( Russian Б оевая М ашина П ехоты ), which translates as "combat vehicle of infantry - type 2" means.

history

Evaluations of the performance of the BMP-1 during exercises in peacekeeping and during the 1973 Yom Kippur War led to the decision to revise the design of the BMP-1. First considerations took place before the war, so that in 1972 the technology demonstrator "Object 680" was created, whose turret layout with a flat two-man turret on which a machine cannon and a coaxial machine gun was mounted in a top mount, resembled the turret layout of the Marder 1 armored personnel carrier . A second MG PKT was installed on the hatch roof of the commander's hatch between the driver's seat and the tower. The object 680 showed the feasibility and advantages of the concept.

The Yom Kippur War was ultimately the decisive factor in replacing the BMP-1, so that a two-stage program was started from 1974. In the first phase, the BMP-1 were upgraded as an interim solution in order to remedy the weaknesses shown during the war. For this purpose, the anti-tank guided weapons of the type 9K11 Maljutka , which had proven to be largely ineffective due to the MCLOS steering system, were replaced by new guided weapons of the type 9K111 Fagot and 9K113 Konkurs , and a smoke launch system was attached to the turret. The tank called BMP-1P was produced from the late 1970s, older BMP-1s were upgraded to this level. However, it was clear that fundamental changes to the concept of the BMP were necessary.

development

In the second phase of the program, the development offices in Kurgan and Chelyabinsk each developed two prototypes as potential successors to the BMP-1. All of these prototypes were fitted with a two-man turret, as there was consensus within the military that the one-man turret on the BMP-1 was a bug and the vehicle commander would have to sit in the turret. The vehicles from Kurgan called "Object 675" and "Object 681" used the hull of the BMP-1, while the vehicles from Chelyabinsk called "Object 768" and "Object 769" had an extended hull with seven rollers to accommodate the higher space requirements to balance the new tower. There was disagreement about the armament of the new vehicle. Some conservative militaries believed that the vehicle should be equipped with an anti-tank weapon as its main armament, while others preferred a 30mm automatic cannon. Because of this, the prototypes "Object 681" and "Object 768" were equipped with the improved 73 mm cannon "Sarniza" with a longer barrel, which had a longer range than its predecessor. The prototypes "Object 675" and "Object 769" received the 30 mm automatic cannon 2A42. All vehicles could fire bankrupt missiles, Object 675 also the Fagot, whereby the directional gunner, unlike the BMP-1P, did not have to leave the turret to fire and control the weapon.

The "Object 675" was selected for series production because the armament with its greater range and greater elevation range offered advantages over the 73 mm cannon and the conversion to a longer hull was technically too expensive.

description

BMP-2 with the surge board at the bow folded up, prepared for crossing a water hazard.
Cutaway model of the engine
Driver's seat with steering bar
Tower with 2A42 cannon, infrared searchlight and the tower cage below

The vehicle is 6.73 meters long, 2.45 meters high and 3.15 meters wide. Its weight is 14 tons. The tank is buoyant without preparation and the occupants are protected against ABC effects . The crew consists of three men; the driver sits in the front left next to the engine, the commander and gunner in the turret. The seven-man rifle group climbed into the vehicle through the outward-opening stern hatches and sat back to back across the direction of travel in the rear. She can intervene in the battle with her rifles through shooting hatches.

The dimensions of the BMP-2 were designed for air transport with Soviet aircraft. It has an infrared spotlight and night vision devices and is therefore suitable for night combat to a limited extent.

Tub and drive

The 6-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine UTD20-S1 ( Russian Унифицированный Транспортный Двигатель - standard engine for transport vehicles) is a V-engine with a large opening angle of 120 °. It was developed from the UTD-20 engine of the BMP-1. The engine sits in the front right behind the gearbox in the tub. Bore and stroke are each 150 mm, the maximum output of 210 kW (300 hp) is achieved at a speed of 2600 rpm. The maximum torque is 980 Nm at 1600 rpm. The compression is 15.8: 1.

The BMP-2 has a support roller drive with torsion bar suspension. It consists of six one-piece rollers and three support rollers on each side of the vehicle. The first two and the last roller are shock-absorbent. The drive rollers are located at the bow, the guide rollers at the rear of the vehicle. The 85 steel chain links of the connector chain are 300 mm wide. The guide over the running and support rollers is carried out by two rows of guide teeth. The ground pressure is 0.63 kg / cm².

When driving in water, propulsion is generated by the chains running at high speed, which push the water at the stern through lowerable flow baffles.

It is steered with a so-called steering sword.

Performance

The BMP-2 reaches a maximum speed of 65 km / h on the road, 40 to 45 km / h off-road and 7 km / h while swimming. It can conquer gradients of up to 35 °, overcome trenches 2.5 m wide and 0.7 m high obstacles.

Armament

The 30 mm automatic cannon can be used against both ground and air targets. The weapon, stabilized in two planes, has two modes of fire: slow (for ground targets) and fast (for air targets). In slow mode which is cadence 200-300 rounds per minute in fast mode at 550 rounds per minute. In the fast fire mode, however, the tower quickly fills with the smoke of the empty casings. The cartridges are fed selectively with a two-belt system, which allows switching between different types of ammunition. The combat set consists of 500 rounds; the elevation range is from −5 to + 74 °. The maximum range is 4000 meters, the effective combat distance depending on the type of projectile between 1500 and 4000 meters. An axially parallel (coaxial) 7.62 mm PKT machine gun with 2000 rounds serves as a second weapon .

A guided missile launcher for the 9K113 bankruptcy guided missile is available for fighting opposing armored vehicles ; the combat kit is four. The guided missile 9K111 Fagot can also be launched from it.

In addition, the motorized rifle group has one or two portable anti-aircraft missile systems of the type 9K34 Strela-3 or 9K310 Igla-1 , which can be deployed from the two open deck hatches while driving.

protection

There are various details about armor thickness; Depending on the source, the most heavily armored area, the tower front, is between 23 and 33 mm thick. The armor is made entirely of rolled armor steel. It offers protection up to the 12.7 × 99 mm NATO caliber . Later variants like the BMP-2D were equipped with additional armor. Due to the associated increase in weight, the tank loses its buoyancy.

With the six 81 mm 902W smoke grenades attached to the outside, the BMP-2 can put a curtain of smoke and smoke itself.

Because the commander and the gunner find space in the turret, they are better protected against the effects of anti- tank mines than in the BMP-1. The position of the driver was better armored down.

Versions

  • BMP-2D : upgrade with additional armor (side panels and base plate made of armored steel for driver and commander), not floatable; ~ 14.8 t, 62 km / h (1981)
  • BMP-2E : Version with 6 mm additional armor and chain aprons
  • BMP-2K : command tank with additional radio equipment (1 × radio R124, 2 × radio R173)
  • BMP-2M : The version includes a. a panoramic visor and includes four additional 9K135 anti-tank missiles.

User states

Current users

Former users

literature

  • AW Karpenko: Soviet-Russian tanks . 1905-2003. Elbe-Dnjepr, Klitzschen 2004, ISBN 3-933395-44-5 , p. 141–143 (Russian: Обозрение отечественной бронетанковой техники (1905–1995 гг.) . Translated by R. Meier).
  • Wilfried Copenhagen : The land forces of the NVA . Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-613-02297-4 .
  • Wilfried Copenhagen: The BMP infantry fighting vehicle . From the NVA on the Bundeswehr Army of Greece (=  vehicle's profile . No. 13 ). Unitec Medienvertrieb, Illertissen 1997 ( digitized version ( memento of March 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on March 15, 2014]).
  • Steven Zaloga: BMP Infantry Fighting Vehicle 1967-94 . Osprey Publishing, Oxford 1994, ISBN 978-1-85532-433-6 (English).
  • Steven Zaloga, Andrew Hull, David Markov: Soviet / Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945 to Present . Darlington Productions, Darlington 1999, ISBN 1-892848-01-5 (English).

Web links

Commons : BMP-2  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Steven J. Zaloga: BMP Fighting Vehicle 1997-94. P. 13 , accessed on March 15, 2014 (English).
  2. ↑ AW Karpenko: Soviet-Russian tanks . 1905-2003. Elbe-Dnjepr, Klitzschen 2004, ISBN 3-933395-44-5 , p. 138 (Russian: Обозрение отечественной бронетанковой техники (1905–1995 гг.) . Translated by R. Meier).
  3. ↑ Steven Zaloga: BMP Infantry Fighting Vehicle 1967-94. P. 14.
  4. ↑ The BMP 1. Some technical data. Retrieved March 15, 2014 .
  5. ^ BMP-2 Infantry Fighting Vehicle. Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide, accessed March 12, 2014 .
  6. ^ Steven Zaloga et al .: Soviet / Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945 to Present. P. 255.
  7. ↑ Steven Zaloga: BMP Infantry Fighting Vehicle 1967-94. P. 19 f.
  8. ↑ Модуль «Бережок» для БМП-2 начнут поставлять армии России. In: Защищать Россию. defendingrussia.ru, October 7, 2016, accessed on May 13, 2019 (Russian, among others).
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 (English, January 2018).
  10. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2017 . 1st edition. Europa Publications Ltd, London 2017, ISBN 978-1-85743-900-7 , pp. 212 (English, January 2017, 3000 BMP-2).
  11. ↑ Дагестанские мотострелки пересядут на БМП-3. In: Mil.Press Военное. военное.рф, October 18, 2017, accessed on January 1, 2018 (Russian, including at least 100 BMP-2s will be retired in favor of the same number of BMP-3s).
  12. ↑ В танковую дивизию на Урале поступили модернизированные боевые машины пехоты БМП-2М. In: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. mil.ru, March 13, 2018, accessed on March 16, 2018 (Russian, including 6 BMP-2Ms were put into service).
  13. ↑ Мотострелковая бригада в Сибири получила восемь БМП-2М с боевым модулем "Бережок". In: Интерфакс-АВН. militarynews.ru, June 13, 2018, accessed on June 15, 2018 (Russian, among other things, a further 16 more BMP-2Ms were put into service by the end of 2018 (this added 8 more BMP-2Ms)).
  14. ↑ Партия из восьми модернизированных БМП-2М поступила в мотострелковую бригаду под Оренбургом. In: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. structure.mil.ru, May 13, 2019, accessed May 17, 2019 (Russian).
  15. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 , pp. 194 (English, January 2018).
  16. ↑ Martin Kunze: Again: weapons and equipment of the NVA - where have they gone? (Part 2). (PDF, 143 kB) A not always transparent chapter - the legacy of the NVA. Inventory determination with double entry. April 25, 2005, archived from the original on March 15, 2014 ; accessed on March 15, 2014 .
  17. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2013 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-85743-680-8 , pp. 503 (English, February 2013).