February 30th
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Historical anniversaries January · February · March |
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The month of February has only 28 days in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and 29 days in leap years . However, due to a calendar change , Sweden had a February 30th in 1712 . There are also various unrealized calendar designs in which February has 30 or more days.
February 30 in Sweden
At the beginning of 1700, Sweden decided to switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. The original idea, starting with the year 1700 and ending with a total of eleven leap years for the last time in 1740, was to gradually compensate for the daily difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. That would have simplified the changeover within Sweden, but made relations with all other countries considerably more complicated, since Sweden would not have had the same calendar with any other country for 40 years and the calendar distance to the rest of Europe would have changed every four years. So in 1700 February 29th was skipped. Sweden was now one day ahead of the Julian calendar and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar (1700 was not a leap year according to the Gregorian calendar).
During the Great Northern War , however, the leap day February 29, 1704 and 1708 was retained, so that the difference between one day for the Julian calendar and ten days for the Gregorian calendar was retained. In January 1711, King Charles XII decided. to return to the Julian calendar. The day that Sweden was now ahead of the calendar had to be compensated for by an additional day: This was February 30, 1712, a second leap day, it was a Friday and corresponded to March 11, 1712 in the Gregorian calendar. The regulation also applied to Finland , which was then dependent on Sweden , but not to the Swedish provinces in Germany , which had introduced the Gregorian calendar with the other Protestant areas of Germany as early as 1700. In 1753 Sweden finally switched to the Gregorian calendar.
February 30 in the Soviet Union
Occasional statements are incorrect that there was a 30th February in the years 1930 and 1931 in the Soviet Union as a result of the revolutionary calendar introduced in 1929 , in which each month had 30 days.
Others
In Germany, for reasons of simplification, the “ commercial ” interest calculation uses 30 days for each month and 360 days for the calendar year. Usually this method is used in credit transactions between merchants and in business school lessons. For example, if a credit period runs from January 28th to March 3rd, the interest days are calculated as follows: January (30–28) + February (30) + March (3) = 35 interest days.
Therefore, some banks give up settlements for simplicity each 30 a month instead of monthly Ultimos on. This z. B. 02/30 as the value date of an invoice closing entry on the account statement. be specified, which can lead to problems in the event of any further electronic processing.
February 30th in art
At the end of his comedy Horribilicribrifax Teutsch (1663), the baroque poet Andreas Gryphius dated a marriage contract to February 30, 1648. It is a joke by the poet, who wants to suggest that the contract will have no consequences.
Web links
- February 30, 1712 (English)
- 30 days in February (English)
- Calendar change in Sweden
- History of the Russian calendar ( Memento from July 12, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
Individual evidence
- ↑ H. Grotefend: Pocket book of the time calculation of the German Middle Ages and the modern times. Eighth improved edition, ed. v. O. Grotefend. Hanover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung 1941 (unv. Reprint 1948); P. 27
- ^ Andreas Gryphius : Horribilicribrifax Teutsch in the Gutenberg-DE project
- ^ Hermann Palm: Foreword by the editor. In: Andreas Gryphius: Lustspiele. Laupp, Tübingen 1878, p. 3f. ( Digitized version )