Bogd Khan

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The Bogd Khan as a youth

The Bogd Khan ( Mongolian Богд хаан ,ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ; Full name Ngawang Lobsang Chökyi Nyima Tendzin Wangchug , Tibetan ཁལ་ ཁ་ རྗེ་ བཙུན་ དམ་པ་ ངག་ དབང་ བློ་ བཟང་ ཆོས་ ཀྱི་ ཉི་མ་ བསྟན་ པའི་ དབང་ ཕྱུག་ Wylie ngag dbang blo bzang chos kyi nyi ma bstan 'dzin dbang phyug , Mongolian Агван лувсан чойжинн ямданзан ванчүг , Agwan Luwsan Choidschin Jamdanzan Wantschüg ; also Bogdo Jebtsun Damba Hutuchtu ; * 1869 / 1870 in Lhasa ; † April 17, 1924 (April 20, 1924) in Urga ) was the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu , i.e. the religious head of Buddhism in Mongolia . After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty , in December 1911 he was appointed Bogd Khan , ruler of the now independent Outer Mongolia . Although he was a lama , he had a wife, Dondogdulam, who came to be known as "Ekh Dagina" and who died in 1923.

Life

The Bogd Khan was born in Lhasa in Tibet in 1869 or 1870, after the death of the seventh Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu, the spiritual leader of Mongolia . According to the Russian orientalist Alexei Matwejewitsch Posdnejew , he spent the first years of his life with his mother in the Potala Palace and soon afterwards came to Urga, today's Ulaanbaatar .

Portrait of the Bogd Khan by Mardsan Sharaw

After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, on December 29, 1911 or December 1, 1911, he was promoted to Khan, the ruler of the now independent Outer Mongolia. Today, some buildings, such as the Winter Palace of Bogd Khan in Ulan Baator, bear witness to his reign.

When Chinese troops occupied Mongolia in 1919, the Bogd Khan was deposed and placed under house arrest. After the Russian monarchist Roman von Ungern-Sternberg subjugated parts of Mongolia in 1921, he was able to bring Bogd Khan under his control and reinstate him as a puppet.

The communist revolutionaries of the Mongolian People's Army , led by Damdin Süchbaatar , ended the brief reign of terror in Ungern-Sternberg and transformed Mongolia into a communist state; the Bogd Khan was tolerated by the Mongolian Revolutionary People's Party and remained in office with severely restricted rights until his death on April 17, 1924 (April 20, 1924). In 1929, the government banned the search for a new trülku , a successor to Bogd Khan.

Tibetan lamas later declared that Jampel Namdröl Chökyi Gyeltshen , born in Lhasa in 1932, was a reincarnation of Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu. After the end of communism in Mongolia, it was officially confirmed in 1990 by Tendzin Gyatsho , the 14th Dalai Lama, as the ninth Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu, i.e. the spiritual head of the Mongolian Buddhists.

predecessor Office successor
Ngawang Chökyi Wangchug Thrinle Gyatsho Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu
1870 to April 20, 1924 		Jampel Namdröl Chökyi Gyeltshen
predecessor Office successor
- Khan of Mongolia
December 1, 1911 to April 20, 1924 (expelled by China March 1919 to February 3, 1921) 		Nawaandordschiin Jadambaa
(Chairman of the Great State of Chural )

literature

  • Оохнойн Батсайхан: Монголын сүүлчийн эзэн хаан VIII Богд Жавзандамба. 1911 оны үндэсний хувьсгал . Адмон, Ulaanbaatar 2008, ISBN 978-99929-0-464-0 . (Translation into English by Mounkhou Ravjaa: Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu. The Last King of Mongolia . Admon, Ulaanbaatar 2009, ISBN 978-99929-0-768-9 )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ info-regenten.de ( Memento of the original from July 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.info-regenten.de
  2. ↑ info-regenten.de ( Memento of the original from July 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.info-regenten.de
  3. ↑ info-regenten.de ( Memento of the original from July 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.info-regenten.de
  4. ↑ M. Монгуш: Известный и неизвестный Богдо-гэгэн // Этнографическое обозрение. (PDF; 1.2 MB) Сентябрь 2006, p. 3.
  5. ↑ Urgunge Onon, Derrick Pritchatt: Asia's first modern revolution: Mongolia proclaims its independence in 1911. Brill, Leiden 1989, ISBN 90-04-08390-1 , p. 112 (English).
  6. ↑ info-regenten.de ( Memento of the original from July 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.info-regenten.de
  7. ^ Baron Ungern-Sternberg, meteoric nutter - telegraph.co.uk
  8. ↑ info-regenten.de ( Memento of the original from July 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.info-regenten.de
  9. ↑ info-regenten.de ( Memento of the original from July 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.info-regenten.de
personal data
SURNAME Bogd Khan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ngawang Lobsang Chökyi Nyima Tendzin Wangchug; Агваанлувсанчойжиннямданзанванчүг (Mongolian); ངག་ དབང་ བློ་ བཟང་ ཆོས་ ཀྱི་ ཉི་མ་ བསྟན་ འཛིན་ དབང་ ཕྱུག་ (Tibetan)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION religious head of Buddhism in Mongolia
DATE OF BIRTH 1869 or 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Lhasa
DATE OF DEATH April 17, 1924
Place of death Urga