African Union Mission in Somalia

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African Union Mission to Somalia ( English African Union Mission in Somalia , abbreviated AMISOM ) is the name of a peacekeeping force of the African Union , in Somalia the local civil war to a halt. More than 22,000 soldiers, police officers and civilian employees from Ethiopia , Burundi , Djibouti , Ghana , Kenya , Nigeria , Sierra Leone and Uganda are currently stationed in Somalia as part of AMISOM.

history

AMISOM soldiers from Djibouti in Beledweyne (2015)
Two Ugandan main battle tanks in the Somali region of Shabeellaha Hoose (2013)
Ugandan AMISOM soldiers near Janaale (2013)

After the outbreak of the Somali civil war, the United Nations and the USA did not have success with the peace missions UNOSOM I (1992–1993) and UNOSOM II (1993–1995) in Somalia. The war between warlords, clan leaders and their militias continued.

In March 2005 it was proposed to send another peacekeeping mission to Somalia. It was supposed to support Somalia's transitional government , which was not recognized by a number of warring parties and which had just moved its seat from exile in Kenya to the city of Baidoa , to stabilize the country. Initially, it was planned that the surrounding countries organized in the IGAD should provide troops, which is why the planned peacekeeping force was also called IGAD Peace Support Mission to Somalia (IGASOM). This was later refrained from because of Somalia's tense relations with its neighboring countries.

The pressure for international intervention increased in 2006 when the Union of Islamic Courts captured large parts of Somalia and militarily harassed the transitional government. Extremist sections of the Union are suspected of cooperating with international Islamist terrorism. The neighboring country Ethiopia in particular also felt threatened because parts of the Union wanted to take the Ogaden region, which is now Ethiopian and is largely inhabited by ethnic Somali , and to join a Greater Somalia . The Resolution 1725 of the UN Security Council of 6 December 2006 authorized the deployment of AMISOM, to support the transitional government and to monitor the dialogue between it and the Union. The Union of Islamic Courts reacted indignantly to this decision.

Before the AMISOM could be put together, Ethiopia declared war on the Union on December 24th, marched into Somalia on the side of the transitional government and ousted the Union of Islamic Courts in January 2007. Islamist and other insurgents continue to fight with Ethiopians , especially in Mogadishu and transitional government troops. The Ethiopian military presence is considered problematic because the Ethiopian-Somali relations have traditionally been tense in the history of Somalia and a transitional government supported by Ethiopia risks losing acceptance as a result. However, it is questionable whether the transitional government could assert itself against the various opposing warlords or a re-strengthening of the Union of Islamic Courts.

Therefore an attempt is being made to assemble the AMISOM peacekeeping force with up to 8,000 soldiers. Since March 1, 2007, around 1,600 Uganda soldiers have arrived in Somalia. The Ugandan President Museveni announced, however, that his country's soldiers would train troops of the transitional government in Somalia, but not actively pursue peacekeeping themselves.

Furthermore, there was fighting in Mogadishu between troops loyal to the government and their various opponents, many of which are demanding the withdrawal of all foreign troops. On April 1, an AMISOM soldier was killed in a rocket attack. On May 16, four AMISOM soldiers were killed in an explosion.

After their deployment was delayed several times due to logistical problems, 100 Burundian soldiers arrived at the end of December 2007. They are to form the vanguard for another 1,700. On April 8, 2008, a Burundian AMISOM soldier was killed in a suicide attack.

The conflict took a decisive turn after the kidnapping of numerous Europeans and many violent incidents in the border area between Kenya and Somalia in the summer of 2011. As a result of Operation Linda Nchi , Kenya invaded the neighboring country and conquered a wide border strip. At the end of September 2012, Kenya, whose troops were now integrated into AMISOM, was on the verge of the complete expulsion of Al Shabaab from the port city of Kismayo .

At least 45 soldiers from Burundi were killed in an armed attack by Al-Shabaab on June 26, 2015 on the AMISOM military base in Leego . In addition, extensive military material was captured.

Organization of the AMISOM troops in Somalia.

activity

Until the summer of 2012, AMISOM only guarded the seaport, the airport and the presidential seat of Villa Somalia in Mogadishu, carried out patrols in areas under the control of the transitional government, escorted political figures and humanitarian organizations and was active in providing humanitarian assistance to the population. Since the Al Shabaab Islamists were expelled from Mogadishu and the port city of Marca , it has also taken on security tasks in these areas.

Composition of the force

So far Uganda has sent one battalion (1,600) and Burundi 100 soldiers. Malawi and Nigeria have each committed around 1,000, Burundi up to 1,800 and Ghana 350. 250 Ugandans are to be sent to Somalia as trainers for Somali soldiers . The dispatch of Burundian soldiers, which had been announced several times, was delayed due to logistical problems, and no dates were set for dispatching the remaining troops. Tanzania will not provide any troops, but has offered to train 1,000 Somali soldiers. Somali soldiers have been training in Rwanda since May 2007. The USA and the European Union promised to support AMISOM with US $ 40 million and EUR 15 million respectively.

After contingents of the Kenya Defense Forces were taken over into the AMISOM, extensive territorial gains were made against the Islamist rebels and the troops were increased to 17,000 soldiers.

management

Francisco Caetano Jose Madeira current Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission

AMISOM is led by the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission :

The Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission has a deputy to the African Union Deputy Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission . The following persons held this office:

The AMISOM Military Component is led by a Force Commander .

Jim Beesigye Owoyesigire current Force Commander
No. Surname country Beginning of the appointment Submission of the command
1 Major General Levi Karuhanga UgandaUganda Uganda February 14, 2007 March 3, 2008
2 Major General Francis Okello UgandaUganda Uganda March 3, 2008 July 7, 2009
3 Major General Nathan Mugisha UgandaUganda Uganda July 7, 2009 June 15, 2011
4th Major General Fredrick Mugisha UgandaUganda Uganda June 15, 2011 May 2, 2012
5 Lieutenant General Andrew Gutti UgandaUganda Uganda May 3, 2012 December 16, 2013
6th Lieutenant General Silas Ntigurirwa BurundiBurundi Burundi December 16, 2013 15th December 2014
7th Lieutenant General Jonathon Kipkemoi Rono KenyaKenya Kenya December 16, 2014 23rd December 2015
8th Major General Nakibus Lakara UgandaUganda Uganda December 24, 2015 March 2016
9 Major General Mohamedesha Zeyinu EthiopiaEthiopia Ethiopia March 2016 18th July 2016
10 Lieutenant General Osman Noor Soubagleh DjiboutiDjibouti Djibouti 18th July 2016 January 31, 2018
11 Lieutenant General Jim Beesigye Owoyesigire UgandaUganda Uganda January 31, 2018 January 31, 2019
12 Lieutenant General Tigabu Yilma Wondimhunegn EthiopiaEthiopia Ethiopia January 31, 2019 2nd August 2020
13 Lieutenant General Diomede Ndegeya BurundiBurundi Burundi 2nd August 2020 constantly

The police within AMISOM are led by the AMISOM Police Commissioner:

Further peace missions in Somalia

In addition to AMISOM, which is the numerically largest peace mission in Somalia, the following missions are currently active on site:

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peace Operations 2017/2018. Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF), June 2017, accessed on October 11, 2017 .
  2. ↑ AMISOM: AMISOM Background. 2017, accessed on October 14, 2017 .
  3. ↑ BBC News: Ugandan troops 'not peacemakers'
  4. ^ AlertNet: First Ugandan peacekeeper killed in Somali battles
  5. ↑ BBC News: AU peacekeepers killed in Somalia
  6. ↑ BBC News: Burundi troops join AU in Somalia
  7. ↑ Garowe Online: Al Shahaab suicide bomber strikes AU peacekeepers
  8. ↑ FAZ: Shaabab announces guerrilla war
  9. ↑ Spiegel Online : Terror in Somalia: 45 dead in attack by the Shabab militia on peacekeeping forces , accessed on June 26, 2015.
  10. ↑ BBC News: Police attacked in Somali battle
  11. ↑ Mwangi Maina: US gives Somalia Sh6.4 billion. In: Kenya Times. Archived from the original on April 1, 2007 ; accessed on June 2, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Reuters: AU wants UN role in Somalia
  13. ↑ Biography de BWAKIRA, Nicolas. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (French).
  14. ↑ Biographie de DIARRA, Boubacar. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (French).
  15. ↑ Biography de Annadif, Mahamat Saleh. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (French).
  16. ↑ Biography de Mutende, Lydia Wanyoto. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (French).
  17. ↑ Biography de SIDIKOU, Maman. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (French).
  18. ^ Appointment of Francisco Madeira as the new Special Representative of the African Union for Somalia and head of the AU mission in Somalia-African Union. Peace and Security Department, October 7, 2015, accessed June 28, 2017 .
  19. ↑ SRCC for Somalia, Ambassador Maman S. Sidikou. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (English).
  20. ^ New Vision (Kampala) Jan 20, 2007
  21. ↑ James Kabengwa: Uganda: UPDF shuffles Somalia command . Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  22. ↑ a b 3,000 African Union Troops Arrive in Mogadishu . SomaliaReport. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 15, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / somaliareport.com
  23. ↑ New AMISOM commander promoted to Major General
  24. ^ Lieutenant General Andrew Gutti takes command of AU forces in Somalia - AMISOM . Amisom-au.org. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  25. ↑ AMISOM Press Release: Lieutenant General Andrew Gutti takes command of AU forces in Somalia . Allgedo.com. Retrieved on January 15, 2013.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.allgedo.com  
  26. ↑ AMISOM Review, issue 13, August - December 2013
  27. ↑ AMISOM News, AMISOM Acting Force Commander Concludes Tour of Kismayo, Dobley and Bilis Qoqani in Sector 2 , April 2, 2016
  28. ↑ a b Somalia. Retrieved September 22, 2017 (English).
  29. ^ The AU Mission in Somalia has a new Force Commander. January 31, 2018, accessed February 15, 2018 .
  30. ↑ a b c AMISOM appoints new Police Commissioner. May 24, 2014, accessed June 25, 2017 .
  31. ↑ Peace Operations 2017/2018. Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF), June 2017, accessed on October 10, 2017 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Acting Force Comander until April 2015
  2. ↑ provisional
  3. ↑ provisional