Abdou Moumouni

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Statue of Abdou Moumouni on the grounds of the Abdou Moumouni University Niamey

Abdou Moumouni Dioffo (born June 26, 1929 in Tessaoua , † April 7, 1991 ) was a Nigerien physicist and specialist in solar energy . From 1979 to 1982 he was the rector of the Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey, which was named after him after his death .

Life

Abdou Moumouni came from a Fulbe family from Kirtachi . He attended the regional school in Zinder and the higher elementary school in Niamey . From 1944, he went to the Ecole Normale William Ponty , the former elite French West Africa . He graduated from Lycée Van Vollenhoven in Dakar in 1948 with a focus on elementary mathematics . Moumouni was admitted to the Classes préparatoires at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris , which he completed from 1948 to 1950. He then studied at the University of Paris , at the Faculty of Physics , he is a 1953 license made, followed by a Diplôme d'études supérieures in physics in the following year. He was a founding member of the Fédération des étudiants d'Afrique noire en France , the association of students from sub-Saharan Africa in France. In 1956 he was the first African to acquire the Agrégation for Physics.

Moumouni worked from 1956 to 1958 as a teacher at the Lycée Van Vollenhoven in Dakar. He was one of the founding members of the Parti africain de l'indépendance (PAI), a Marxist-Leninist party in Senegal . From 1958 he was a teacher at the Lycée Donka in Conakry in Guinea until he returned to Niger in 1959, where he taught at the Collège classique et modern de Niamey. He was a supporter of the left-wing Sawaba party . He had this in common with many of his students, who also supported him when he was suspended as a teacher in 1961 for political reasons. Moumouni then received a scholarship from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , with which he continued his studies in the Soviet Union until 1964, where he deepened his knowledge of solar energy .

He then lived in Mali , where President Modibo Keïta , a leading anti-imperialist , was politically close to him. Moumouni established the Republic of Mali's Solar Energy Laboratory, which he headed from 1964 to 1969. He also taught at the higher normal school in Bamako and received his doctorate in 1967 from the University of Paris as a Doctor d'État . After Modibo Keïta's fall, he returned to Niger in 1969. From 1969 to 1985 he headed the office for solar energy Nigers (ONERSOL). Abdou Moumouni was one of the driving forces behind the establishment of the first university in Niger. His efforts resulted in the establishment of the Center d'Enseignement supérieur in Niamey in 1971 , from which the University of Niamey emerged in 1973. The director of the Center and first rector of the university was the mathematician Boubakar Ba . He was succeeded by Abdou Moumouni in 1979 as rector until he was replaced by the linguist Abdou Hamani in 1982 . Most recently Moumouni worked from 1989 to 1991 as a professor of physics at the natural science faculty. He also worked as a consultant on energy issues for institutions such as UNESCO , the African Development Bank and the Club of Rome .

Abdou Moumouni was married and had three children. His wife Ai͏̈ssata Moumouni Kané was a minister in the Nigerien government. He was buried in his hometown of Kirtachi.

plant

overview

Abdou Moumouni always emphasized the political dimension of his work as a physicist: With innovations in the use of solar energy, he wanted to make a contribution to the energy self-sufficiency of Africa and to the decolonization of Africa and Pan-Africanism . He owned several patents with the organization Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle , including for a solar module and for a solar thermal system adapted to the conditions of the Sahel zone . Under his leadership, the office for solar energy Nigers (ONERSOL) not only focused on research, but above all on production and direct applicability. Moumouni also published L'éducation en Afrique in 1964, a widely acclaimed book that showed how the education system in Africa could contribute to the continent's self-determined development.

Fonts

  • L'éducation en Afrique . Maspero, Paris 1964.
  • The energy solaire in the pays africains . In: Présence Africaine . Vol. 50, No. 2 , 1964, p. 96-126 .
  • Analysis of the particularités du fonctionnement des radiomètres thermoélectriques à disque récepteur absorbant, en régime permanent . In: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer . Vol. 10, No. October 10 , 1967, p. 1339-1348 .
  • Contribution to the analysis of fonctionnement d'un réfrigérateur thermoélectrique alimenté par une pile thermoélectrique . In: Advanced Energy Conversion . Vol. 7, No. 1 , 1967, p. 53-65 .
  • Etude théorique et expérimentale de la répartition de l'énergie du rayonnement concentré dans le plan focal de miroirs parabolique précis du type "Projecteur de DCA" Thèse sci. phys. Université de Paris, Paris 1967.
  • Sur le fonctionnement en régime variable du radiomètre thermoélectrique à disque récepteur absorbant . In: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer . Vol. 11, No. 2 , February 1968, p. 145-154 .
  • Energy Needs and Problems in the Sahelian and Sudanese Zones: Prospects of Solar Power . In: Ambio . Vol. 2, No. 2 , 1973, p. 203-213 .
  • Solar Energy Utilization for Developing Countries . In: Science and Public Policy . No. 1/8 , August 1974, p. 207-209 .

Honors

Abdou Moumouni was commander of the National Order of Niger and an officer of the Palmes Académiques Nigers. The World Intellectual Property Organization awarded him a gold medal.

Niamey University was renamed Abdou Moumouni University in August 1992. Moumouni's death day, April 7th, is celebrated in Niger as " Renewable Energy Day" according to a law . In 2002, the Abdou Moumouni Dioffo Foundation was established as a private foundation whose aim is to promote and develop renewable energies, especially solar energy.

literature

  • Kimba Idrissa: Abdou Moumouni Dioffo: les premiers pas d'un intellectuel africain . In: Kimba Idrissa (ed.): Niger. Les intellectuels, l'État et la société . CODESRIA, Dakar 2016, ISBN 978-2-86978-708-7 , pp. 105-154 .

Web links

Commons : Abdou Moumouni  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. 180 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Abdou Moumouni. In: Africultures. Retrieved December 2, 2017 (French).
  3. ↑ a b c d Bio Express Professeur Abdou Moumouni Dioffo. Fondation Abdou Moumouni Dioffo, accessed on December 3, 2017 (French).
  4. ^ Klaas van Walraven: The Yearning for Relief. A History of the Sawaba Movement in Niger . Brill, Leiden 2013, ISBN 978-90-04-24574-7 , pp. 185 and 305 .
  5. ↑ a b c d Curriculum Vitae. Fondation Abdou Moumouni Dioffo, accessed on December 3, 2017 (French).
  6. ^ Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey. International Association of Universities, September 11, 2007, accessed December 3, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Guide de l'étudiant 2012–2013. Université Abdou Moumouni, p. 18 , accessed on January 2, 2018 (French).
  8. ↑ Issoufou Boubacar Kado: Homage au grand savant Nigerien: Pr Abdou Moumouni Dioffo. In: Tamtam Info. April 8, 2016, accessed December 2, 2017 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Moumouni, Abdou
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Moumouni Dioffo, Abdou (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Nigerien physicist
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1929
PLACE OF BIRTH Tessaoua
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1991