Tessaoua

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Municipality of Tessaoua
City of Tessaoua (Niger)
Municipality of Tessaoua
Municipality of Tessaoua
Coordinates 13 ° 45 ′  N , 7 ° 59 ′  E Coordinates: 13 ° 45 ′  N , 7 ° 59 ′  E
Basic data
Country Niger

region

Maradi
department Tessaoua
ISO 3166-2 NE-4
Residents 172,796 (2012)
politics
mayor Aboubacar Sitou (2012)

Tessaoua (also Tessawa , in Tuareg Taṣawa ) is a municipality and the capital of the Tessaoua department in Niger . With around 173,000 inhabitants, it is the fourth largest city in the country.

geography

National road 1 in Tessaoua

Tessaoua is located at the transition from the Sahel zone to the greater Sudan landscape and is about halfway on national road 1 between the cities of Maradi and Zinder . The 8th degree of longitude runs through the urban area . Tessaoua is largely surrounded by the municipality of Maïjirgui and also borders in the northwest on the rural municipality of Kanan-Bakaché . The urban area is divided into eight districts, 60 administrative villages, 48 ​​traditional villages, 49 hamlets and 15 camps. The eight neighborhoods are Alkalawa, Alkalawa II, Fada, Guidawa, Kanguiwa, Kouka, N'Wala and Toudou.

history

Tessaoua takes its name from the Tessaraoua (also Tazaraoua), a Hausa group that was expelled from the Aïr Mountains by the Tuareg .

At the beginning of the 19th century, Tessaoua was a province of Katsina . After the Fulbe , who had conquered the Hausa state of Katsina in 1812, were ousted from Maradi and other areas in the north in 1819, Tessaoua became part of the new state of Maradi. The German Adolf Overweg was the first European to enter the city in January 1851, and his travel companion Heinrich Barth met him there a few days later. Barth wrote about Tessaoua: "The city, whose population is certainly 10,000 souls, offers the picture of a busy life and its market conveys a very lively trade."

Tessaoua ("Tessaua") in Stieler's Hand Atlas (1891)

The radical Muslim leader Mazawajé worked in Maradi from 1877 to 1880, when he had to flee the city. He then founded his own city-state in Tessaoua. Mazawajé was killed by Lake Madarounfa in 1890. In 1893 Moussignaoua, who had lost his rule as Sultan of Maradi, founded a new sultanate in Tessaoua, which like Maradi saw itself in the tradition of the former Hausa state Katsina.

Moussignaoua signed a protection treaty with France in 1897 . Great Britain renounced its claims to the sultanate in 1898. Previously, since the Anglo-French Agreement of 1890, the Say - Barwa line had been considered the border between the spheres of influence of Great Britain and France. During the first two weeks of December 1899, the French research and military expedition, Mission Foureau-Lamy, stayed in the city.

The Tessaoua market was one of the small markets in the region that was authorized by the French administration at the beginning of the 20th century. The Sultanate of Tessaoua existed until 1927, when the city was directly subordinated to the colonial administration of French West Africa . In the same year, a group of Hausa from Nigeria , influenced by the teachings of the marabout Malam Moussa, attacked the French military post in Tessaoua, killing several people. Sultan Barmou of Tessaoua was suspected of complicity, deposed and exiled in French Sudan , where he died.

Until 1972, only the major cities of Niamey , Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder had the status of an independent municipality in Niger . This year, Tessaoua was raised to a parish at the same time as six other Nigerien towns.

population

At the 1977 census, Tessaoua had 10,590 inhabitants, at the 1988 census 19,737 inhabitants and at the 2001 census 31,276 inhabitants. At the 2012 census, after enlarging the urban area, the population was 172,796. Tessaoua is the fourth largest city in terms of population in Niger after Niamey, Zinder and Maradi. Members of the Hausa subgroup Gobirawa, which mainly practices arable farming, the Fulbe subgroup Tchilanko'en , which specializes in agropastoralism , and the Fulbe subgroup Oudah'en, who mainly practice remote grazing, live in Tessaoua .

Culture

Tessaoua is the setting of the 1903 adventure novel A travers le Sahara. Aventures merveilleuses de Marius Mercurin by G. Demage. The heroine of Maurice Delafosse's novel Toum , who published it in 1926 under the pseudonym Louis Faivre, comes from the area.

Economy and Infrastructure

There is a cattle market in Tessaoua, which is mainly frequented by middlemen. The market day is Sunday. The city is the seat of a Tribunal d'Instance, one of the country's 30 civil courts , which are below the ten civil courts of the first instance (Tribunal de Grande Instance). Tessaoua has a civil airport with an unpaved runway, Tessaoua Airport ( ICAO code : DRRA).

Twin town

Personalities

literature

  • Noirot Bartel: Une province hausa du Niger: Le Tessaoua - essai sur les coutumes . In: Renseignements Coloniaux . February 1937, p. 20-24 .
  • Nazifi Harouna Kassoum: Analysis of the facteurs et impacts des inondations sur le développement de la ville de Tessaoua . Mémoire. Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2017.
  • Boubacar Sani Ousmane: Fonctionnement des marchés à bétail et commercialisation des animaux dans la région de Maradi, cas des marchés de Dakoro, Mayahi, Tessaoua et Maradi . Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2013.
  • Sani Souley-Maman: Caractérisation socio-économique de l'élevage péri et intra dans la Commune Urbaine de Tessaoua . Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2005.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karl-G. Prasse, Ghoubeïd Alojaly, Ghabdouane Mohamed: Dictionnaire Touareg - Français (Niger): M – Ž . Museum Tasculanum Press, Copenhagen 2003, ISBN 87-7289-844-5 , p. 745 .
  2. ^ Répertoire National des Communes (RENACOM) . Institut National de la Statistique website, accessed January 22, 2011.
  3. ^ A b Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, pp. 148 and 152–153.
  4. ^ Heinrich Barth: Journeys and discoveries in North and Central Africa in the years 1849 to 1855 . First volume. Justus Perthes, Gotha 1859, p. 241 and 244 ( archive.org [accessed May 11, 2018]).
  5. ↑ a b Jolijn Geels: Niger . Bradt, Chalfont St Peter 2006, ISBN 1-84162-152-8 , pp. 211-212.
  6. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 260 .
  7. ↑ Fernand Foureau : Documents scientifiques de la mission saharienne. Mission Foureau-Lamy d'Alger au Congo par le Tchad . Atlas (cartographer: Verlet-Hanus). Masson, Paris 1905 ( jubilotheque.upmc.fr [accessed May 6, 2018]).
  8. ↑ Hassane Gandah Nabi: Commerçants et entrepreneurs du Niger (1922-2006) . L'Harmattan, Paris 2013, ISBN 978-2-336-29136-9 , pp. 38 .
  9. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 248.
  10. ↑ Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. xxix .
  11. ↑ Historique de la decentralization au Niger ( Memento of the original of October 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 93 kB). Website of the program nigéro-allemand de lutte contre la pauvreté dans les zones de Tillabéri et Tahoua-Nord, published May 2008, accessed on 21 January 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lucop.org
  12. ↑ World Gazetteer: Page no longer available , search in web archives: Niger: The most important cities with statistics on their population , accessed on December 28, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bevoelkerungsstatistik.de
  13. ↑ Presentation of the résultats globaux définitifs du Quatrième (4ème) Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGP / H) de 2012. (PDF file) Institut National de la Statistique, 2014, accessed on April 21, 2014 (French ).
  14. ↑ Ministère de l'élevage et des industries animales / République du Niger (ed.): La mobilité pastorale dans la Région de Zinder. Stratégies et dynamisme des sociétés pastorales . Niamey 2009 ( online version ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note .; PDF; 11, 3 MB), pp. 30 and 33. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iram-fr.org
  15. ^ Daniel Mignot, Jean-Dominique Pénel: Le Niger dans la littérature française . In: Marie-Clotilde Jacquey (ed.): Littérature nigérienne (=  Notre librairie . No. 107 ). CLEF, Paris 1991, p. 25-26 .
  16. ^ Mahamadou Saley, Yatta Paul Maurice Mohamed: Projet Régional d'Appui au Pastoralisme au Sahel (PRAPS). Etude diagnostique des Systèmes d'Information sur les marchés à bétail du Burkina Faso, du Mali, de la Mauritanie, du Niger, du Sénégal et du Tchad. Définitif report. (PDF) CILSS , November 2016, accessed on May 2, 2018 (French).
  17. ↑ Bachir Talfi: Note sur l'organization judiciaire . Nigerien Ministry of Justice website, accessed September 24, 2012.
  18. ↑ Airports in Niger . Aircraft Charter World website, accessed January 23, 2012.
  19. ↑ L'état des lieux des coopérations décentralisées entre le Niger et la France ( Memento of the original dated December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . French Ministry of Foreign Affairs website , published July 27, 2009, accessed February 25, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cncd.fr