Maradi

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Ville de Maradi
Ville de Maradi (Niger)
Ville de Maradi
Ville de Maradi
Coordinates 13 ° 30 '  N , 7 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 13 ° 30 '  N , 7 ° 6'  E
Basic data
Country Niger

region

Maradi
department Madarounfa
ISO 3166-2 NE-4
height 348 m
Residents 267,249 (2012)

Maradi is the capital of the Maradi region of the same name in Niger . With around 267,000 inhabitants, it is the third largest city in the country after Niamey and Zinder .

geography

Location and structure

The city is located in the south of the country near the Nigerian border and is at the transition from the large Sudan to the Sahel zone . The neighboring communities are Tibiri in the north, Djiratawa in the east, Safo in the south and Sarkin Yamma in the west.

Maradi is a town ( ville ) or municipality with special status ( commune à statut particulier ), which consists of three arrondissements : Maradi I , Maradi II and Maradi III . These are in turn divided into a total of 26 districts.

climate

Maradi
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
0
 
34
13
 
 
0
 
36
15th
 
 
0
 
39
19th
 
 
7th
 
42
23
 
 
24
 
41
25th
 
 
73
 
39
24
 
 
162
 
35
22nd
 
 
210
 
32
22nd
 
 
88
 
35
22nd
 
 
10
 
38
20th
 
 
0
 
37
16
 
 
0
 
34
13
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Maradi
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 33.7 35.7 39.0 42.0 40.5 38.8 35.3 32.0 35.1 38.2 37.0 33.8 O 36.8
Min. Temperature (° C) 13.3 15.1 19.4 23.0 24.9 23.9 22.4 21.8 21.6 19.8 16.1 13.4 O 19.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 0 0 0 7th 24 73 162 210 88 10 0 0 Σ 574
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 9.1 9.3 8.4 8.6 9.5 9.1 8.3 8.2 8.5 9.1 9.3 8.7 O 8.8
Rainy days ( d ) 0 0 0 0 2 6th 9 11 5 0 0 0 Σ 33
Humidity ( % ) 21st 18th 17th 23 40 53 66 75 67 43 27 23 O 39.5
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
33.7
13.3
35.7
15.1
39.0
19.4
42.0
23.0
40.5
24.9
38.8
23.9
35.3
22.4
32.0
21.8
35.1
21.6
38.2
19.8
37.0
16.1
33.8
13.4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		0
0
0
7th
24
73
162
210
88
10
0
0
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: wetterkontor.de

history

Sultan's Palace of Katsina-Maradi

Maradi was founded around 1790 by a traditionalist named Barki. Around 1820 another group of traditional believers from Katsina settled in the village. Their religious leader Gomki had carried the title maradi at the court of the ruler of Katsina , which was adopted as the name of the new settlement. When the Fulbe had finally conquered the Hausa state of Katsina in 1812, Maradi became the target of refugees from Katsina, but had to submit to the rule of the Fulbe first. In 1819 the Fulbe governor was killed in a revolt in Maradi. The Fulbe failed to regain control of the place in several battles. In Maradi, a state independent of Katsina developed, which inherited the Hausa tradition of Katsina.

Maradi in Stieler's Hand Atlas (1891)

But in 1835 Maradi and his allies lost the decisive battle of Dakourawa against Katsina, now a village in the municipality of Ourno . Maradi had to submit to Zamdam, a small vassal state of Katsina. The following decades were marked by numerous unsuccessful attempts to militarily break the supremacy of the Fulbe. But while the importance of Katsina slowly declined, Maradi developed into an important trading center by around 1880, which attracted numerous immigrants and was fortified. In 1893 Moussignaoua, the then Sultan of Maradi, lost power in the city and founded a second sultanate in Tessaoua , which also saw itself in the tradition of the former Hausa state Katsina.

Initially, on the basis of the Anglo-French Agreement of 1890, the Say - Barwa line was considered to be the border between the French and British spheres of influence, but the Sultanates of Maradi, Tessaoua and Zinder were assigned to France in an agreement in 1898. In 1923 the first European boutiques opened in the city, in 1924 the telephone connection to Madaoua and Tessaoua was put into operation. Niger's first oil mill started operations in Maradi in 1943. The colonial administration dissolved the Sultanate of Katsina-Maradi in 1944 and demoted the ruler of Maradi to provincial head. In 1945, after the rainy season, the traditional city was largely demolished and rebuilt in grid squares. In 1955, one year after Niamey and Zinder, Maradi was raised as the third place in Niger to become an independent municipality. In 2002 it was transformed into a community network ( communauté urbaine ) made up of three municipalities ( communes urbaines ). In the flood disaster in West and Central Africa in 2010 , 411 residents of the municipality of Maradi II were classified as victims of the disaster. The association of municipalities was converted into a city ( ville ) or municipality with special status ( commune à statut particulier ) in 2010 and the previous municipalities were converted into arrondissements. In the same year, the Niger government elevated the traditional ruler of Maradi to sultan again.

population

People in front of the Tchana Mosque in Maradi

At the 2012 census, Maradi had 267,249 inhabitants who lived in 37,270 households.

Population development

Maradi is mostly inhabited by Hausa . Smaller proportions are the Fulbe and Tuareg as well as members of Nigerian ethnic groups such as the Yoruba and Igbo .

Culture and sights

In the city there is a branch of the Abdou Moumouni University Niamey . Taught electrical engineering , civil engineering and mechanical engineering .

The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Maradi .

The city is home to several mosques. In the center of the village there is a remarkable miniature mosque from 1945. It is a Sultan's mosque and was built using traditional clay construction. The entire facility covers an area of ​​just 22 square meters and has a prayer room building with a subdivided interior. The small corner battlements have traces of erosion and the wood on the ceiling has been damaged by termites . Opposite this mosque is the modern Friday mosque from 1972. The roof with four domes is based on the central Sudanese architectural style and is supported by 4 × 6 supports. An even larger mosque was built on the western edge of the city in 1982, according to plans by a Senegalese architect and as part of the state-controlled Société Nationale des Grands Travaux du Niger (SNGTN).

Economy and Infrastructure

Market in Maradi

Maradi is an old trading town. Market day at the cattle market in town is Friday. Peanuts are grown around the city . Maradi is located on National Road 1 , which is part of the international Dakar-N'Djamena Highway , as well as on National Road 9 and National Road 18 , which lead to the state border with Nigeria. There is one civil airport in the city, Maradi Airport ( IATA code : MFQ, ICAO code : DRRM). There are 90 primary schools in Maradi, 25 of which are private schools . The city is the seat of a Tribunal de Grande Instance, one of the ten civil courts of first instance nationwide .

Personalities

literature

  • Philippe David: Maradi, l'ancien état et l'ancienne ville (=  Études Nigériennes . No. 18 ). Paris 1964.
  • Philippe David: Maradi précoloniale: L'état et la ville . In: Bulletin de l'IFAN . No. 3 , July 1969, p. 638-688 .
  • Emmanuel Grégoire: The Alhazai of Maradi: Traditional Hausa Merchants in a Changing Sahelian City . Lynne Rienner, Boulder 1992.
  • Danièle Kintz: Les Peuls de Maradi . Dissertation. University of Bordeaux, 1977.
  • Abdoul Azize Laminou Adamou: Etat de l'environnement dans la ville de Maradi. The principales sources de pollution metal et organique . Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2014.
  • Bachir Oumarou Sanna: Pratiques d'alimentation dans les élevages urbains et périurbains de Maradi . Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2012.
  • Boubacar Sani Ousmane: Fonctionnement des marchés à bétail et commercialisation des animaux dans la région de Maradi, cas des marchés de Dakoro, Mayahi, Tessaoua et Maradi . Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2013.
  • Derrick Thom: The City of Maradi: French Influence upon a Hausa Urban Center . In: Journal of Geography . No. 70 , 1971, p. 472-482 .
  • François Yatta: Voirie, transport et circulation à Maradi . Thesis. Ecole Africaine des Métiers de l'Architecture et de l'Urbanisme (EAMAU), Lomé 1989.

Web links

Commons : Maradi  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b National Repertoire des Localités (ReNaLoc). (RAR) Institut National de la Statistique de la République du Niger, July 2014, p. 309 , accessed on August 7, 2015 (French).
  2. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, pp. 147–151.
  3. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 260 .
  4. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, pp. 246–247.
  5. ^ François Martin: Le Niger du Président Diori 1960–1974 . L'Harmattan, Paris 1991, ISBN 2-7384-0952-0 , pp. 162 .
  6. ↑ a b Hama Alpha: Les Sultans du Gobir et du Katsina investis. (No longer available online.) In: Niger Diaspora. September 29, 2010, archived from the original on February 23, 2014 ; Retrieved January 27, 2014 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nigerdiaspora.info
  7. ^ A b Dorothee Gruner: The clay mosque on the Niger: Documentation of a traditional building type . Franz Steiner Stuttgart, 1990, p. 356 .
  8. ↑ Historique de la decentralization au Niger ( Memento of the original of October 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 93 kB). Website of the program nigéro-allemand de lutte contre la pauvreté dans les zones de Tillabéri et Tahoua-Nord, published May 2008, accessed on 21 January 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lucop.org
  9. ↑ Situation des besoins des populations victimes d'inondations (2010) ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website of the Center d'Information et de Communication, published on September 23, 2010, accessed on March 31, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cic.ne
  10. ↑ République du Niger: Ordonnance n ° 2010-56 on September 17th, 2010. Portant érection des communautés urbaines de Niamey, Maradi, Tahoua et Zinder en communes à statut particulier ou villes et les communes les composant en arrondissements. (PDF file) (No longer available online.) Association des Municipalités du Niger, archived from the original on February 2, 2014 ; Retrieved January 23, 2014 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.amn-ne.org
  11. ↑ Kokou Henri Motcho: Niamey, Garin captan Salma ou l'histoire du peuplement de la ville de Niamey . In: Jérôme Aloko-N'Guessan, Amadou Diallo, Kokou Henri Motcho (eds.): Villes et organization de l'espace en Afrique . Karthala, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-8111-0339-2 , pp. 29 .
  12. ^ Mahamadou Saley, Yatta Paul Maurice Mohamed: Projet Régional d'Appui au Pastoralisme au Sahel (PRAPS). Etude diagnostique des Systèmes d'Information sur les marchés à bétail du Burkina Faso, du Mali, de la Mauritanie, du Niger, du Sénégal et du Tchad. Définitif report. (PDF) CILSS , November 2016, accessed on May 2, 2018 (French).
  13. ↑ Airports in Niger . Aircraft Charter World website, accessed January 23, 2012.
  14. ↑ Statistiques de l'éducation de base. Annuaire 2009–2010 (PDF; 19.1 MB). Nigerien Ministry of Education website, published September 2010, accessed February 14, 2012.
  15. ↑ Bachir Talfi: Note sur l'organization judiciaire. Ministère de la Justice, archived from the original on September 27, 2013 ; accessed on February 14, 2018 (French).