Aerides

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Aerides
Aerides rosea

Aerides rosea

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Vandeae
Sub tribus : Aeridinae
Genre : Aerides
Scientific name
Aerides
Lour.

The genus Aerides from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae) consists of about 29 types . The plants grow epiphytically , they occur in tropical Southeast Asia . They are occasionally cultivated for their attractive flowers.

description

The Aerides species grow monopodially . The stem axis is erect, occasionally a little prostrate at the base and the tip again pointing upwards. It is densely covered with two-line leaves and thick aerial roots. The leaves are linear, flat or V-shaped in cross section, leathery to slightly succulent. The tip of the leaf is slightly retracted so that small leaf lobes emerge at the end.

Aerides lawrenciae

The inflorescences, densely covered with many flowers , arise laterally from the leaf axils. They are grapes or panicles with little branching . They are usually slightly inclined, rarely upright. The resupinated flowers are white, pink or red in color. Except for the lip, the petals are roughly the same shape. The lateral sepals are somewhat larger and, like the lip , start at the base of the column. The lip is unlobed or three-lobed, the side lobes stand upright and are fused with the column in some species . The lip forms a spur at the base, which is usually curved and tapered. Inside there are calluses ("juice lids") in some species. The column protrudes beyond the point of attachment on the ovary (column foot). At the end of the elongated column is the stamen with two pollinia . These are rounded, slightly incised and connected to the semicircular to heart-shaped adhesive disc (Viscidium) via a long stalk. A two-lobed rostellum separates the stamen from the sunken stigma .

distribution

The species of the genus Aerides are common in tropical Asia. In the northwest, the area stretches along the southern slope of the Himalayas, to the southeast, southern China, rear India , the Philippines and Indonesia are settled, in the southeast the distribution area extends to New Guinea. The largest distribution area has Aerides odorata from the Himalayas to the Philippines. On Sulawesi the genus is represented with six species, in the Philippines with four.

They are epiphytically growing plants of seasonally dry tropical forests.

Aerides houlletiana
Illustration by Aerides huttonii
Aerides maculosa
Aerides odorata
Aerides wrestling

Systematics and botanical history

The genus Aerides is part of the subtribe Aeridinae. The next related genera within the subtribe are unclear. Different genetic studies have come to different results. Related genera could be found either in a group of Vanda in the broader sense, Luisia and Holcoglossum , or in a group of Stereochilus , Smitinandia , Vandopsis , Pomatocalpa , Rhynchostylis and Thrixspermum . Crosses have been made with numerous related genera.

The genus can be divided into three sections:

  • Section Aerides with articulated, three-lobed lip, a distinct columnar foot and a callus within the spur
  • Section crispae without this swelling in the spur
  • Fieldingia section with a single-lobed, firmly connected lip, column base only indistinctly developed.

Aerides was described by João de Loureiro as early as 1790 . The name is derived from aer , "air", and refers to the epiphytic growth. In the following years, many species were placed in this genus, which were later separated again. There is a high number of 200 described species names, of which 26 make up the genus according to today's understanding.

The species of the genus Aerides :

literature

The information in this article comes from:

  • Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 299 .
  • Alexander Kocyan, Ed F. de Vogel, Elena Conti, Barbara Gravendeel: Molecular phylogeny of Aerides (Orchidaceae) based on one nuclear and two plastid marcers: A step forward in understanding the evolution of th Aeridinae . In: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution . tape 46 , no. 2 , 2008, ISSN  1055-7903 , p. 422-443 .
  • Xinqi Chen, Jeffrey J. Wood: Aerides . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . tape 25 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2009, pp. 485 ( efloras.org ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Aerides. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 4, 2020.

Further information

Commons : Aerides  - album with pictures, videos and audio files