Ahmad al-Tayyib

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Ahmad al-Tayyib, 2015

Ahmad al-Tayyib or Ahmed Mohamed el-Tayeb (also el Tajjeb and Ahmad Mohammad al-Tayyeb , Arabic أحمد محمد الطيب, DMG Aḥmad Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭaiyib ; born January 6, 1946 in Luxor , Egypt ) is an Egyptian scholar of Islam . He was appointed Sheikh of the Azhar on March 19, 2010 as the successor to the late Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi . As such, he is also the imam of the al-Azhar mosque and is considered an important religious authority of Sunni Islam. In the government of the Arab Republic of Egypt , by virtue of his office, the Grand Sheikh automatically has the protocol status of prime minister and can only be removed from office by the president of the republic; as rector of al-Azhar University, al-Tayyib previously held the rank of minister. The Grand Sheikh of al-Azhar is always appointed for life.

Life

Ahmad Al-Tayyib studied Islamic philosophy and theology at al-Azhar University until 1971 and received his doctorate in Islamic philosophy from the Sorbonne in Paris in 1977 . Subsequently, he was initially a lecturer and since January 6, 1988 until today professor of philosophy and theology at al-Azhar University. He taught as a visiting professor at the Sorbonne in 1977/78 and in 1989 at the University of Friborg . From October 27, 1990 to August 31, 1991 al-Tayyib was dean of the Faculty of Islamic Studies in Qina , from November 15, 1995 to October 3, 1999, Dean of the Faculty of Islamic Studies in Aswan and from 1999 to 2000, Dean of the Faculty of Theology at the International Islamic University Islamabad in Pakistan .

Al-Tayyib was considered a "loyal supporter" of the long-time Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and was a member of the Politburo of the ruling NDP party until 2010. Mubarak appointed him Grand Mufti of the Arab Republic of Egypt on March 10, 2002 . He remained in this position until September 27, 2003 and was responsible for the management of the legal advisory board in the Ministry of Justice. He then became rector of al-Azhar University and remained so until April 10, 2010, when he was appointed Sheikh al-Azhar by Mubarak.

During the revolution in Egypt in 2011 , he initially supported the incumbent President Hosni Mubarak. He refused to support the Muslim Brotherhood of the new President Mohammed Morsi because he rejects a political Islam. During the state crisis in Egypt in 2013/2014 , al-Tayyib supported the military council chief Abd al-Fattah as-Sisi from the beginning . Al-Tayyib is regarded as the “mouthpiece of the regime” who “puts on a little Islamic cloak” to al Sisi's politics and was rewarded in return with a political upgrading of the Azhar through increased access to the country's mosques.

Al-Tayyib did some important academic work in Islam, including a. through a commentary on the capital of theology in “Refining the Words” by al-Taftazani in 1997. He was also visiting professor at the Sorbonne , Paris , and the University of Friborg , Switzerland (1989) and has written some scholarly works from French in transfer the Arabic , u. a. the introduction of Al-Mu'jam Al-Mufahras li Alfaz AlL-Hadith Al-Nabawi ("Cataloged Lexicon of Terms from the Prophet's Hadith "), published in the Journal of the Research Center of Sīra and Sunna , University of Qatar in Doha 1998, Le Sceau des Saints dans La Doctrine d'Ibn Arabi ("The Seals of the Saints"), which was given the title Al-Wilaya wa Al-Nubua Inda Al Sheikh Mohy El-Din Ibn Arabi in Arabic . The history and classification of the works of Ibn Arabi (Volume 2) by Othmau Yahia from French into Arabic under the title Malafat Ibn Arabi: Tarikuha wa Tasnifuha ("The Works of Ibn Arabi: History and Classification") is also particularly well known. .

Ahmad al-Tayyib is a member of the Egyptian Society for Philosophy , the Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs , the Islamic Research Assembly , the Trust Council of the Egyptian Radio and Television Union and President of the Religious Committee of the Egyptian Radio and Television Union.

Position on terrorism

On April 4, 2002, Al-Tayyib explicitly justified suicide bombings against Israel and called on the leaders of the Arab world to support the Palestinians in their struggle. (“ The solution to the Israeli terror lies in a proliferation of Fidai (suicide) attacks that strike horror into the hearts of the enemies of Allah. The Islamic countries, peoples and rulers alike, must support these martyrdom attacks. ” (, German: "The solution to Israeli terror lies in an expansion of Fidai (suicide) attacks that strike horror in the hearts of the enemies of Allah. The Islamic countries, peoples, leaders, etc. must support these martyr attacks."))

At an event organized by the Muslim Brotherhood in 2011, he spoke out against the "Judaization" of Jerusalem (the Jewish settlement of Arab districts) and said that the al-Aqsa mosque was being attacked by the Jews.

In 2013 he again attacked Jews on Egyptian state television : (“ Since the inception of Islam 1,400 years ago, we have been suffering from Jewish and Zionist interference in Muslim affairs. […] They are allowed to practice usury with non-Jews […]) They practice a terrible hierarchy, and they are not ashamed to admit it, because it is written in the Torah - with regard to killing, enslavement, and so on. ”(, German:“ Since the revelation of Islam 1400 years ago we have suffered from Jewish and Zionist interference in the affairs of Muslims. [...] They are allowed to engage in usury against non-Jews. [...] They [the Jews] have a terrible hierarchy [against non-Jews] regarding murder , Slavery etc. and they are not ashamed of it because it is written in the Torah. "))

Al-Tayyib rejects the terrorist organization " Islamic State ". In his view, this is the product of a Zionist conspiracy that is used to justify new imperialist military invasions by the US in the Middle East.

At the 2017 Kirchentag he expressed a general rejection of terrorism.

Act

He was one of the 138 signatories of the open letter " A Common Word Between Us and You " ( English "A Common Word Between Us and You" ), the personalities of Islam on 13 October 2007, "leaders of Christian churches everywhere" ( English Leaders of Christian Churches, everywhere ... ).

In June 2015 it was reported that Ahmad al-Tayyib would officially visit Europe for the first time to attend an international conference of Catholic and Sunni representatives from religion and politics on the subject of “Orient and Occident. Dialogues of Culture ”. At this meeting, organized by the Community of Sant'Egidio , the aim is “to present a different Islam than that which the terrorist group“ Islamic State ”currently represents” ().

On March 15, 2016, Al-Tayyib gave a speech to members of the Bundestag in the Great Protocol Hall of the Reichstag building in Berlin. He called on European societies to work together for peace. Addressing the Muslims, he said: "Anyone who does not understand the teachings of the Prophet in the context of mercy and world peace, not only internalizes false knowledge about Islam, but also knowingly denigrates its teachings." He addressed this to the Muslims in Germany Please “that they take into account the high ethical values ​​of their host country and uphold them. In their actions, they should represent the true tolerant values ​​of Islam, which are actually not much different from those that apply here. ”After his speech, al-Tayyib replied to the parliamentarians' questions about the need to modernize Islam that this was not necessary, because it is changeable enough, otherwise it would not have existed for over 1000 years. When asked about the oppression of women in Islamic societies, he said that Islam stands for equal rights for women and men. According to Islamic understanding, women serve men not out of duty, but out of love. For this the man is obliged to provide for the woman's livelihood. On March 17, 2016, at the invitation of the University of Münster , the grandimam took part in an academic “Conference of World Religions” with the title “Peace be with you” in the auditorium of the Münster castle.

Al-Tayyib's statement on the role of religion in the state and the Enlightenment in Christianity at a meeting with Volker Kauder , Member of the Bundestag and chairman of the CDU / CSU parliamentary group: “Please stop talking to me about the fact that Islam is through the Education needs. We do not want to go through the enlightenment, because the result of the enlightenment was that the state stands above religion and with us religion must stand above the state ... "

Tayeb took part in the International Sunni Conference in Grozny in 2016 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Elisabeth Lehmann: The imam who is supposed to stop the IS. In: Cicero.de. November 25, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Christian Meier: By Sisi's grace . In: FAZ , April 28, 2017, p. 8.
  3. ↑ Arab Leaders Glorify Suicide Terrorism. In: archive.adl.org. Anti-Defamation League , April 17, 2002, accessed April 27, 2016 .
  4. ↑ jpost.com
  5. ^ Sheik of Al-Azhar Ahmad Al-Tayeb Justifies Antisemitism on the Basis of the Koran. Clip no. 4048. In: memritv.org. The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), October 25, 2013, accessed April 27, 2016 .
  6. ^ Richard Spencer: Moderate Sunni Islam leader blames Zionism and 'new colonialism' for Middle East collapse. Sheikh Ahmed al-Tayeb, the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar University, appears to blame Israel and by implication the US for chaos in Arab world. In: Telegraph.co.uk. February 23, 2015, accessed April 27, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Markus Bickel: Azhar University in Cairo: Islam? Which Islam? In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . June 11, 2015, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed April 27, 2016]).
  8. ↑ tagesspiegel.de
  9. ↑ A common word between us and you. (PDF; 182 kB) (summarized short form). October 13, 2007, accessed April 29, 2016 .
  10. ^ Al-Azhar University: Grand imam officially in Europe for the first time. Ahmed al-Tayyeb, Grand Imam of Al-Azhar University in Cairo, is officially traveling to Europe for the first time for an international conference. Top Catholic and Sunni representatives from religion and politics meet in Florence. IslamiQ, June 6, 2015, accessed April 29, 2016 .
  11. ^ German Bundestag - Lecture event: Grand Sheik speaks about Islam's potential for peace. In: bundestag.de. March 15, 2016, accessed April 29, 2016 .
  12. ^ Grand imam from Cairo takes part in religious conference in Münster. In: uni-muenster.de. February 23, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2016 .
  13. ^ Henryk M. Broder : Volker Kauder, the Grand Sheik and the No to Enlightenment. In: welt.de. December 3, 2016, accessed December 7, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Tayyib, Ahmad-al
ALTERNATIVE NAMES أحمد محمد الطيب (Arabic); Tayyeb, Ahmed Mohamed el-; Taiyib, Ahmad Muhammad at-
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Egyptian Grand Sheikh of the al-Azhar Mosque Cairo
DATE OF BIRTH January 6, 1946
PLACE OF BIRTH Luxor