Alb Canal
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Albkanal Albüberleitung |
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 Alb Canal, adjacent waters and course of the Rhine dams |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 2375122 | |
| location | Baden-Württemberg | |
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Pfinz relief canal → Rhine | |
| Branch | from the Alb about 500 meters above its confluence with the Rhine 49 ° 4 ′ 33 ″ N , 8 ° 20 ′ 33 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 101 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | southwest of Leopoldshafen from the left into the Pfinz relief channel Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′ 4 ″ N , 8 ° 22 ′ 20 ″ E 49 ° 6 ′ 4 ″ N , 8 ° 22 ′ 20 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 100 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | approx. 1 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.26 ‰ | |
| length | 3.8 km | |
 The fixed weir in the Alb Canal during floods |
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.jpg) renatured section with flow guide and dead wood |
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.jpg) Branch of a branch in the renatured section |
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The Alb Canal (also Albüberleitung or Neue Alb ) is an artificial body of water in the municipality of Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg .
The canal branches off from the Alb coming from the northern Black Forest around 500 meters above its confluence with the Rhine . About 200 meters below the junction is a connection between the Alb Canal and the Altrhein Kleiner Bodensee , consisting of a culvert and a ford . The Old Rhine was created around 1780 when a meander broke through and is now part of the nature reserve of the same name . After a further 1.5 kilometers, the Alb Canal connects to an old water body. It is in the range of the Neupfotzer average , which arose during the correction of the Rhine according to plans by Johann Gottfried Tulla . To the left of the canal are further backwaters of the Rhine, in particular the Smugglers' Sea , which was later expanded into a quarry pond. After a total of 3.8 kilometers in length, the Alb Canal flows into the Pfinz relief canal from the left , which flows into the Rhine. Flood dams lie on both sides of the Alb Canal , on the left the Rheindamm XXVII and on the right the Rheindamm XXVIII .
The Alb Canal was built in 1936, partly due to the Pfinz-Saalbach correction . The aim was to reduce the backwater in the Alb when the water levels in the Rhine are high. Together with the canal, the right-hand Rheindamm XXVIII was created . The forest area between the two Rhine dams was dammed, which was justified in 1936 by the fact that the area had been diked too early and had lost its silt cover due to pressurized water .
In Rheindamm XXVII which originated in ancient Alblauf Albschleuse , a defense consisting of a contactor , which from a water level of 4.80 meters at the Maxau was closed. In the Alb Canal, a solid weir below the junction from the Alb prevented drainage at low water levels. The reason for this was the pollution of the Alb, in particular through its use as a receiving water for the Karlsruhe sewage treatment plant . Since 1898, fish have often died in Kleiner Bodensee when water from the Alb flowed into the Old Rhine. Even after the construction of the Alb Canal, fish deaths occurred in the Kleiner Bodensee and in the Schmugglermeer , for example in 1973 and 1974. A remedy was the biological treatment stage of the Karlsruhe sewage works that went into operation in 1976. The fixed weir in the Alb Canal was increased several times. In 2009 it was designed for a water level of 6.5 meters at the Maxau gauge - a value that was exceeded on an average of 30 days a year. Apart from the flooding of the Alb, the runoff in the Alb Canal was limited to the weir's seepage water .
In 2009 the Alb Canal was redesigned with the aim of creating a flow-through, structurally rich Rhine floodplain with low nutrient loads and space for dynamic changes. As the nutrient load of the Alb is higher than that of the Rhine, a culvert structure was built in Rheindamm XXVII , through which between two and ten cubic meters of Rhine water per second are directed into the Alb Canal. In the Alb Canal, bank protections were removed, berms were filled in, and flow guides and fall trees were installed; in addition, connecting waters to the Schmugglermeer quarry pond were created. At the lower connection to the smugglers ' sea, the water is diverted into the quarry pond by a bed of stones, so that when the Rhine water levels are low, the northern part of the canal is largely dry. An extraction structure in Rheindamm XXVIII creates a connection between the Alb Canal and the Eggensteiner Altrhein . The structure allows 0.1 to 0.3 cubic meters of water per second to be channeled into the Old Rhine in order to reduce its nutrient content. The construction work was part of a conservation project, funded by the EU -Förderprogramms LIFE + co-financed.
Between September 2013 and May 2014, the Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen community redesigned a 2.1-kilometer section of the Alb Canal. Among other things, three new side arms were created, bottlenecks were built to increase the flow, additional berms were heaped up, and dead wood and root fields were brought in to trigger erosion and provide shelter for animals. Willows , alders and reeds were planted on the berms . The aim was to create a near-natural tributary of the Rhine, which is a suitable habitat for gravel-spawning and current-loving fish species such as barbel , salmon and sea lamprey .
Web links
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen community: Nature conservation projects - Albrenaturation.
- State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( Notes )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Flood Risk Management Query (accessed September 17, 2015).
- ↑ Flood Risk Management Query (accessed September 17, 2015).
- ↑ Length according to the water network layer ( AWGN ) on: Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information ).
- ↑ Topographical Atlas of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Sheet 51, Carlsruhe. Scale 1: 25000, Giesecke & Devrient, Leipzig 1876 ( online ).
- ^ Karl Köbler: The water management adjustment of the Baden Rhine plain. Reprint from the magazine Deutsche Wasserwirtschaft , year 1936, issue 10–12. Franckh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1936, p. 18.
- ↑ Götz Kuhn: The fishing on the Upper Rhine. Historical development and current status. (= Hohenheimer Arbeit , 83) Ulmer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-8001-8134-7 , pp. 72-75, 78.
- ↑ Klaus Kern: Selected LIFE measures between Rheinstetten and Philippsburg. In: State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Lebendige Rheinauen. Nature, culture and LIFE in the northern Upper Rhine. (= Nature Conservation Spectrum, Topics. Volume 98) Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 2010, ISBN 978-3-89735-615-3 , pp. 176–289, here pp. 212, 231.
- ↑ Auenpfad Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen. Information board 10 (as of October 2, 2015, ⊙ ).
- ↑ Kern, LIFE Measures , pp. 210–212, 214.
- ^ Community Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen: Nature Conservation Projects - Albrenaturation (accessed on September 17, 2015).